RNA is the nucleic acid that helps in protein synthesis

1. RNA
Md Ekramuddin

2. Types of necleic acids
Nucleic
acids
DNA In Nucleus
RNA Cytoplasm

3. Building Block
RNA Nucleotides
Phosphates
Pentose
Base

4. Sugar

5. Nitrogenous base
Base
Purines
Adenine(A)
Guanine(G)
Pyrimidines
Cytosine(C)
Uracil(U)

6. Bases
Adenine Guanine

7. Nucleoside and Nucleotide

8. General Features
• Single stranded
• If complementary bases some portion shows
double strand forming hairpin/loop structure
• Uracil present instead of thymine
• Usually present in cytoplasm
• General function is to participate in protein
synthesis
• Unstable in most cases

9. Types of RNA
RNA
Genetic
In RNA
virus
Non-
genetic
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

10. 3
mRNA
• Messenger and largest RNA carries codons
• Simple linear form
• Monocistronic in eukaryotes, polycistronic in
prokaryotes
• Contain 5’leader and 3’trailer sequence
• Formed from hnRNA in eukaryotes

11. tRNA
• Transfer RNA as carries
amino acids to site of
protein synthesis
• Smallest(~70-90nts) RNA
and called sRNA
• Three dimensional form
• Have 4 arms and one
variable loop
• Arms are- DHU or D arm,
TC arm, anticodon arm
and adapter(5’CCA3’
arm)

12. rRNA
• Ribosomal RNA
• Found to form ribosomes
• Form nucleolus in
eukaryotes
• Forms secondary hair-pin
loop structure
• In ribosomes of
prokaryotes- 5S,16S,23S
• In ribosomes of
eukaryotes-
5S,5.8S,18S,28S rRNA

13. rRNA in ribosomes

14. Other forms of RNA
• snRNA-small nuclear RNA- forms snRNP and
involved in splicing of introns in eukaryotes
• snoRNA-small nucleolar RNA(involves maturation
and assembly of ribosomal RNA)
• siRNA-small interfering RNA or micro RNA(miRNA)
• hnRNA-primary transcript in eukaryotes(hetero-
genous nuclear RNA)
• Catalytic RNA or ribozymes-peptidyl transferase(etc)
• gRNA-guide RNA required for RNA editing
• tmRNA-transfer-messenger RNA in bacteria having
dual properties of mRNA and tRNA