The document discusses a proposed system and layer independent network coding architecture design. It describes a methodology for the architectural design that includes network coding as a network function for service-oriented systems. The methodology also includes a proposed architectural design framework. The design is preliminarily validated over LTE and satellite systems. Next steps are discussed.
Mohammad Shahedur Rahman has achieved the PRINCE2 Practitioner Certificate in Project Management, effective from February 11, 2016 until February 11, 2021. The certificate number is 4940777.20504849 and the candidate number is 4940777, as signed by Peter Hepworth, CEO of AXELOS, and drs. Bernd W.E. Taselaar, CEO of EXIN. This certificate remains the property of the issuing Examination Institute.
Real-Coded Extended Compact Genetic Algorithm based on Mixtures of ModelsPier Luca Lanzi
This document describes a real-coded extended compact genetic algorithm (RECGA) based on mixtures of models. RECGA uses probabilistic models like Bayesian optimization algorithms but with simpler models than typically used in BOAs. It applies an estimation of distribution algorithm approach using probabilistic models to generate new candidate solutions rather than using recombination and mutation operators as in traditional genetic algorithms. The RECGA method is presented as a way to take advantages of both extended compact genetic algorithms and Bayesian optimization algorithms while using less complex probabilistic models.
In this study we present a detailed analysis of the extended compact genetic algorithm (ECGA). Based on the analysis, empirical relations for population sizing and convergence time have been derived and are compared with the existing relations. We then apply ECGA to a non-azeotropic binary working fluid power cycle optimization problem. The optimal power cycle obtained improved the cycle efficiency by 2.5% over that existing cycles, thus illustrating the capabilities of ECGA in solving real-world problems.
Network coding allows intermediate network nodes to mix data by performing random linear combinations of packets. This can increase throughput, provide robustness, and reduce delay and energy consumption in various network scenarios. Key benefits include achieving optimal throughput determined by network capacity as long as nodes receive sufficient independent packets, and enabling opportunistic routing. Network coding is well suited to dynamic networks with limited topology information.
On Optimization of Network-coded Scalable Multimedia Service MulticastingAndrea Tassi
In the near future, the delivery of multimedia multicast services over next-generation networks is likely to become one of the main pillars of future cellular networks. In this extended abstract, we address the issue of efficiently multicasting layered video services by defining a novel optimization paradigm that is based on an Unequal Error Protection implementation of Random Linear Network Coding, and aims to ensure target service coverages by using a limited amount of radio resources.
Mohammad Shahedur Rahman has achieved the PRINCE2 Practitioner Certificate in Project Management, effective from February 11, 2016 until February 11, 2021. The certificate number is 4940777.20504849 and the candidate number is 4940777, as signed by Peter Hepworth, CEO of AXELOS, and drs. Bernd W.E. Taselaar, CEO of EXIN. This certificate remains the property of the issuing Examination Institute.
Real-Coded Extended Compact Genetic Algorithm based on Mixtures of ModelsPier Luca Lanzi
This document describes a real-coded extended compact genetic algorithm (RECGA) based on mixtures of models. RECGA uses probabilistic models like Bayesian optimization algorithms but with simpler models than typically used in BOAs. It applies an estimation of distribution algorithm approach using probabilistic models to generate new candidate solutions rather than using recombination and mutation operators as in traditional genetic algorithms. The RECGA method is presented as a way to take advantages of both extended compact genetic algorithms and Bayesian optimization algorithms while using less complex probabilistic models.
In this study we present a detailed analysis of the extended compact genetic algorithm (ECGA). Based on the analysis, empirical relations for population sizing and convergence time have been derived and are compared with the existing relations. We then apply ECGA to a non-azeotropic binary working fluid power cycle optimization problem. The optimal power cycle obtained improved the cycle efficiency by 2.5% over that existing cycles, thus illustrating the capabilities of ECGA in solving real-world problems.
Network coding allows intermediate network nodes to mix data by performing random linear combinations of packets. This can increase throughput, provide robustness, and reduce delay and energy consumption in various network scenarios. Key benefits include achieving optimal throughput determined by network capacity as long as nodes receive sufficient independent packets, and enabling opportunistic routing. Network coding is well suited to dynamic networks with limited topology information.
On Optimization of Network-coded Scalable Multimedia Service MulticastingAndrea Tassi
In the near future, the delivery of multimedia multicast services over next-generation networks is likely to become one of the main pillars of future cellular networks. In this extended abstract, we address the issue of efficiently multicasting layered video services by defining a novel optimization paradigm that is based on an Unequal Error Protection implementation of Random Linear Network Coding, and aims to ensure target service coverages by using a limited amount of radio resources.
This document discusses different techniques for researching target audiences for films, including: mainstream films aimed at a mass market; alternative films produced outside major studios and targeted at niche audiences; and niche films targeted at a small, specific audience. It also lists other factors used in audience research: gender, age, socio-economic status, psychographics, geodemographic segmentation, sexual orientation, and regional identity.
Presentation of 'A Novel Convex Power Adaptation Strategy for Multicast Commu...Andrea Tassi
3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) represents the one of the most valuable alternatives to offer a wireless broadband access in fully mobile network context. In particular LTE is able to manage several communication flows characterized by different QoS constrains. This paper deals with a network topology where the mobile users are clustered in Multicast Groups and the base station broadcasts a different traffic flow to each cluster. In order to improve the network throughput on a per-user basis, all communications rely on a Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) scheme. A key aspect in the QoS management is represented by the power adaptation strategy in use. This paper proposes a novel convex formulation to the power adaptation problem for the downlink phase taking into account the specific RLNC scheme adopted by each communication flow. By the proposed convex formalization, an optimal solution of the problem can be early found in real time. Moreover, the proposed power adaptation strategy shows good performance for what concern throughput and fairness among the users when compared with other alternatives.
Optimized Network-coded Scalable Video Multicasting over eMBMS NetworksAndrea Tassi
This document discusses a proposed resource allocation model for delivering scalable video services over 4G/5G networks using network coding. The model aims to maximize the number of users achieving a certain quality of service level while minimizing radio resources. It formulates the problem as an integer optimization and proposes a heuristic algorithm to solve it. Results show the approach can improve service coverage by up to 2.5 times compared to conventional strategies.
Silicon Cluster Optimization Using Extended Compact Genetic Algorithmkknsastry
This paper presents an efficient cluster optimization algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses extended compact genetic algorithm (ECGA), one of the competent genetic algorithms (GAs) coupled with Nelder-Mead simplex local search. The lowest energy structures of silicon clusters with 4-11 atoms have been successfully predicted. The minimum population size and total number of function (potential energy of the cluster) evaluations required to converge to the global optimum with a reliability of 96% have been empirically determined and are O(n4.2) and O(n8.2) respectively. The results obtained indicate that the proposed algorithm is highly reliable in predicting globally optimal structures. However, certain efficiency techniques have to be employed for predicting structures of larger clusters to reduce the high computational cost due to function evaluation.
Sparse Random Network Coding for Reliable Multicast ServicesAndrea Tassi
Point-to-Multipoint communications are expected to play a pivotal role in next-generation networks. This talk refers to a cellular system transmitting layered multicast services to a Multicast Group (MG) of users. Reliability of communications is ensured via different Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) techniques. We deal with a fundamental problem: the computational complexity of the RLNC decoder. The higher the number of decoding operations is, the more the user's computational overhead grows and, consequently, the faster the batteries of mobile devices drain. By referring to several sparse RLNC techniques, and without any assumption on the implementation of the RLNC decoder in use, we provide an efficient way to characterize the performance of users targeted by ultra-reliable layered multicast services. The proposed modeling allows to efficiently derive the average number of coded packet transmissions needed to recover one or more service layers. We design a convex resource allocation framework that allows to minimize the complexity of the RLNC decoder by jointly optimizing the transmission parameters and the sparsity of the code. The designed optimization framework also ensures service guarantees to predetermined fractions of users. Performance of the proposed optimization framework is then investigated in a LTE-A eMBMS network multicasting H.264/SVC video.
R2D2 Project (EP/L006251/1) - Research Objectives & OutcomesAndrea Tassi
This document describes the R2D2 research project funded by EPSRC to investigate network error control techniques for reliable data delivery. The project aims to design novel mathematical frameworks to optimize network-coded architectures for applications requiring ultra-reliable communications and energy efficiency. Specific research activities include optimizing 4G/5G systems for video multicasting, designing efficient rateless decoders, developing sparse network coding schemes, and novel coding schemes for relay networks. Initial results have been presented in 4 conference papers and 1 journal paper.
Talk on Resource Allocation Strategies for Layered Multimedia Multicast ServicesAndrea Tassi
The explosive growth of content-on-the-move, such as video streaming to mobile devices, has propelled research on multimedia broadcast and multicast schemes. Multi-rate transmission strategies have been proposed as a means of delivering layered services to users experiencing different downlink channel conditions. In this presentation, we consider random linear network coding for its inherent reliability features and study two encoding approaches, which are appropriate for layered services. We derive packet error probability expressions and use them as performance metrics in the formulation of resource allocation frameworks. The aim of these frameworks is both the optimization of the transmission scheme and the minimization of the number of broadcast packets on each downlink channel, while offering service guarantees to a predetermined fraction of users. Our proposed frameworks are adapted to the LTE stack and the integrated eMBMS technology. We focus on the delivery of a video service based on the H.264/SVC standard and demonstrate the advantages of layered network coding over multi-rate transmission. Furthermore, we establish that the choice of both the network coding technique and the resource allocation method play a critical role in the footprint of a service, as determined by the quality of each received video layer.
This document provides an introduction to network coding, including:
- Examples of how network coding can increase throughput in butterfly networks and wireless communications
- Theories showing how intermediate nodes can linearly combine information to deliver data at the maximum possible rate
- Benefits of network coding like increased throughput and efficiency, but also challenges like integrating it into existing infrastructure
Presentation of 'Reliable Rate-Optimized Video Multicasting Services over LTE...Andrea Tassi
In this paper, we propose a novel advanced multi-rate design for evolved Multimedia Multicast/Broadcast Service (eMBMS) in fourth generation (4G) Long-Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) networks. The proposed design provides: i) reliability, based on random network coded (RNC) transmission, and ii) efficiency, obtained by optimized rate allocation across multi-rate RNC streams. The paper provides an in-depth description of the system realization and demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed eMBMS design using both analytical and simulation results. The system performance is compared with popular multi-rate multicast approaches in a realistic simulated LTE/LTE-A environment.
This document provides an introduction to network coding. It defines network coding as a method for attaining maximum information flow in a network by considering encoding and decoding of data at network nodes. Random linear network coding is introduced as an approach where coding coefficients are chosen randomly from a finite field, allowing decoding with high probability. Applications of network coding are discussed, including improving efficiency in wireless networks through physical-layer network coding where wireless signals can add up. Potential problems with network coding in practical implementations are also noted.
Simple regenerating codes: Network Coding for Cloud StorageKevin Tong
The document presents Simple Regenerating Codes (SRC) for efficient data repair in cloud storage systems. SRC combines MDS codes for reliability with XOR operations to allow repair using minimal bandwidth and disk I/O. Simulations show SRC reduces storage costs compared to replication and maintains high reliability while improving repair scalability through reduced repair bandwidth and disk accesses.
Findings of the AFNIC's "Technology Backdrop" SurveyAfnic
The document summarizes the findings of a survey conducted by AFNIC's R&D team on technology trends over the next 10-15 years. It provides details on the structure and respondents of the survey, the methodology used to analyze responses and identify consensus views and scenarios of divergence. Key results sections show the questions with a consensus among respondents regarding future trends in global Internet architecture, Internet naming and identifiers, and user trends. Areas of divergence where two opposing views emerged are also highlighted. The document concludes by examining whether the identified consensus views still apply within different professional categories of respondents.
WUN Global GIS Seminar - What\'s so new in Neogeography?Muki Haklay
These are the slides from a presentation in the WUN Global GIS Academy seminar series - http://www.wun.ac.uk/ggisa/seminars.html . For lecture notes and explanation, see povesham.wordpress.com
Delivering on the broadband promise: technology trends and institutional land...Antonio Bove
19th Ka and Broadband Communications, Navigation and Earth Observation Conference and the 31st AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC)
Florence 14th to 17th October 2013
8 of the Must-Read Network & Data Communication Articles Published this weeke...IJCNCJournal
Beamforming for millimetre-wave (mmWave) frequencies has been studied for many years. It is considered as an important enabling technology for communications in these high-frequency ranges and it received a lot of attention in the research community. The special characteristics of the mmWave band made the beamforming problem a challenging one because it depends on many environmental and operational factors. These challenges made any model-based architecture fit only special applications, working scenarios, and specific environment geometry. All these reasons increased the need for more general machine learning based beamforming systems that can work in different environments and conditions. This increased the need for an extended adjustable dataset that can serve as a tool for any machine learning technique to build an efficient beamforming architecture. Deep MIMO dataset has been used in many architectures and designs and has proved its benefits and flexibility to fit in many cases. In this paper, we study the extension of collaborative beamforming that includes many cooperating base stations by studying the impact of User Equipment (UE) speed ranges on the beamforming performance, optimizing the parameters of the neural network architecture of the beamforming design, and suggesting the optimal design that gives the best performance for as a small dataset as possible. Suggested architecture can achieve the same performance achieved before with up to 33% reduction in the dataset size used to train the system which provides a huge reduction in the data collection and processing time.
This document discusses web accessibility and the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. It notes that approximately 78 million people have disabilities and many use computers and the internet. However, 97% of websites are currently inaccessible. The four principles of WCAG 2.0 are described: perceivable, operable, understandable and robust. Guidelines around color contrast, images, headings and navigation are covered. Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA), HTML5 and tools for automated and manual accessibility testing are also summarized.
Presenter: Dr. Xin Wang, NII
Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.07725
Self-supervised speech model is a rapid progressing research topic, and many pre-trained models have been released and used in various down stream tasks. For speech anti-spoofing, most countermeasures (CMs) use signal processing algorithms to extract acoustic features for classification. In this study, we use pre-trained self-supervised speech models as the front end of spoofing CMs. We investigated different back end architectures to be combined with the self-supervised front end, the effectiveness of fine-tuning the front end, and the performance of using different pre-trained self-supervised models. Our findings showed that, when a good pre-trained front end was fine-tuned with either a shallow or a deep neural network-based back end on the ASVspoof 2019 logical access (LA) training set, the resulting CM not only achieved a low EER score on the 2019 LA test set but also significantly outperformed the baseline on the ASVspoof 2015, 2021 LA, and 2021 deepfake test sets. A sub-band analysis further demonstrated that the CM mainly used the information in a specific frequency band to discriminate the bona fide and spoofed trials across the test sets.
RTI Keynote presentation at the 2014 OMG meeting in Boston.
Background on the Industrial Internet and Internet of Things and how DDS, specifically RTI Connext DDS is being deployed in Industrial Internet applications
This document discusses different techniques for researching target audiences for films, including: mainstream films aimed at a mass market; alternative films produced outside major studios and targeted at niche audiences; and niche films targeted at a small, specific audience. It also lists other factors used in audience research: gender, age, socio-economic status, psychographics, geodemographic segmentation, sexual orientation, and regional identity.
Presentation of 'A Novel Convex Power Adaptation Strategy for Multicast Commu...Andrea Tassi
3GPP's Long Term Evolution (LTE) represents the one of the most valuable alternatives to offer a wireless broadband access in fully mobile network context. In particular LTE is able to manage several communication flows characterized by different QoS constrains. This paper deals with a network topology where the mobile users are clustered in Multicast Groups and the base station broadcasts a different traffic flow to each cluster. In order to improve the network throughput on a per-user basis, all communications rely on a Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) scheme. A key aspect in the QoS management is represented by the power adaptation strategy in use. This paper proposes a novel convex formulation to the power adaptation problem for the downlink phase taking into account the specific RLNC scheme adopted by each communication flow. By the proposed convex formalization, an optimal solution of the problem can be early found in real time. Moreover, the proposed power adaptation strategy shows good performance for what concern throughput and fairness among the users when compared with other alternatives.
Optimized Network-coded Scalable Video Multicasting over eMBMS NetworksAndrea Tassi
This document discusses a proposed resource allocation model for delivering scalable video services over 4G/5G networks using network coding. The model aims to maximize the number of users achieving a certain quality of service level while minimizing radio resources. It formulates the problem as an integer optimization and proposes a heuristic algorithm to solve it. Results show the approach can improve service coverage by up to 2.5 times compared to conventional strategies.
Silicon Cluster Optimization Using Extended Compact Genetic Algorithmkknsastry
This paper presents an efficient cluster optimization algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses extended compact genetic algorithm (ECGA), one of the competent genetic algorithms (GAs) coupled with Nelder-Mead simplex local search. The lowest energy structures of silicon clusters with 4-11 atoms have been successfully predicted. The minimum population size and total number of function (potential energy of the cluster) evaluations required to converge to the global optimum with a reliability of 96% have been empirically determined and are O(n4.2) and O(n8.2) respectively. The results obtained indicate that the proposed algorithm is highly reliable in predicting globally optimal structures. However, certain efficiency techniques have to be employed for predicting structures of larger clusters to reduce the high computational cost due to function evaluation.
Sparse Random Network Coding for Reliable Multicast ServicesAndrea Tassi
Point-to-Multipoint communications are expected to play a pivotal role in next-generation networks. This talk refers to a cellular system transmitting layered multicast services to a Multicast Group (MG) of users. Reliability of communications is ensured via different Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) techniques. We deal with a fundamental problem: the computational complexity of the RLNC decoder. The higher the number of decoding operations is, the more the user's computational overhead grows and, consequently, the faster the batteries of mobile devices drain. By referring to several sparse RLNC techniques, and without any assumption on the implementation of the RLNC decoder in use, we provide an efficient way to characterize the performance of users targeted by ultra-reliable layered multicast services. The proposed modeling allows to efficiently derive the average number of coded packet transmissions needed to recover one or more service layers. We design a convex resource allocation framework that allows to minimize the complexity of the RLNC decoder by jointly optimizing the transmission parameters and the sparsity of the code. The designed optimization framework also ensures service guarantees to predetermined fractions of users. Performance of the proposed optimization framework is then investigated in a LTE-A eMBMS network multicasting H.264/SVC video.
R2D2 Project (EP/L006251/1) - Research Objectives & OutcomesAndrea Tassi
This document describes the R2D2 research project funded by EPSRC to investigate network error control techniques for reliable data delivery. The project aims to design novel mathematical frameworks to optimize network-coded architectures for applications requiring ultra-reliable communications and energy efficiency. Specific research activities include optimizing 4G/5G systems for video multicasting, designing efficient rateless decoders, developing sparse network coding schemes, and novel coding schemes for relay networks. Initial results have been presented in 4 conference papers and 1 journal paper.
Talk on Resource Allocation Strategies for Layered Multimedia Multicast ServicesAndrea Tassi
The explosive growth of content-on-the-move, such as video streaming to mobile devices, has propelled research on multimedia broadcast and multicast schemes. Multi-rate transmission strategies have been proposed as a means of delivering layered services to users experiencing different downlink channel conditions. In this presentation, we consider random linear network coding for its inherent reliability features and study two encoding approaches, which are appropriate for layered services. We derive packet error probability expressions and use them as performance metrics in the formulation of resource allocation frameworks. The aim of these frameworks is both the optimization of the transmission scheme and the minimization of the number of broadcast packets on each downlink channel, while offering service guarantees to a predetermined fraction of users. Our proposed frameworks are adapted to the LTE stack and the integrated eMBMS technology. We focus on the delivery of a video service based on the H.264/SVC standard and demonstrate the advantages of layered network coding over multi-rate transmission. Furthermore, we establish that the choice of both the network coding technique and the resource allocation method play a critical role in the footprint of a service, as determined by the quality of each received video layer.
This document provides an introduction to network coding, including:
- Examples of how network coding can increase throughput in butterfly networks and wireless communications
- Theories showing how intermediate nodes can linearly combine information to deliver data at the maximum possible rate
- Benefits of network coding like increased throughput and efficiency, but also challenges like integrating it into existing infrastructure
Presentation of 'Reliable Rate-Optimized Video Multicasting Services over LTE...Andrea Tassi
In this paper, we propose a novel advanced multi-rate design for evolved Multimedia Multicast/Broadcast Service (eMBMS) in fourth generation (4G) Long-Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) networks. The proposed design provides: i) reliability, based on random network coded (RNC) transmission, and ii) efficiency, obtained by optimized rate allocation across multi-rate RNC streams. The paper provides an in-depth description of the system realization and demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed eMBMS design using both analytical and simulation results. The system performance is compared with popular multi-rate multicast approaches in a realistic simulated LTE/LTE-A environment.
This document provides an introduction to network coding. It defines network coding as a method for attaining maximum information flow in a network by considering encoding and decoding of data at network nodes. Random linear network coding is introduced as an approach where coding coefficients are chosen randomly from a finite field, allowing decoding with high probability. Applications of network coding are discussed, including improving efficiency in wireless networks through physical-layer network coding where wireless signals can add up. Potential problems with network coding in practical implementations are also noted.
Simple regenerating codes: Network Coding for Cloud StorageKevin Tong
The document presents Simple Regenerating Codes (SRC) for efficient data repair in cloud storage systems. SRC combines MDS codes for reliability with XOR operations to allow repair using minimal bandwidth and disk I/O. Simulations show SRC reduces storage costs compared to replication and maintains high reliability while improving repair scalability through reduced repair bandwidth and disk accesses.
Findings of the AFNIC's "Technology Backdrop" SurveyAfnic
The document summarizes the findings of a survey conducted by AFNIC's R&D team on technology trends over the next 10-15 years. It provides details on the structure and respondents of the survey, the methodology used to analyze responses and identify consensus views and scenarios of divergence. Key results sections show the questions with a consensus among respondents regarding future trends in global Internet architecture, Internet naming and identifiers, and user trends. Areas of divergence where two opposing views emerged are also highlighted. The document concludes by examining whether the identified consensus views still apply within different professional categories of respondents.
WUN Global GIS Seminar - What\'s so new in Neogeography?Muki Haklay
These are the slides from a presentation in the WUN Global GIS Academy seminar series - http://www.wun.ac.uk/ggisa/seminars.html . For lecture notes and explanation, see povesham.wordpress.com
Delivering on the broadband promise: technology trends and institutional land...Antonio Bove
19th Ka and Broadband Communications, Navigation and Earth Observation Conference and the 31st AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference (ICSSC)
Florence 14th to 17th October 2013
8 of the Must-Read Network & Data Communication Articles Published this weeke...IJCNCJournal
Beamforming for millimetre-wave (mmWave) frequencies has been studied for many years. It is considered as an important enabling technology for communications in these high-frequency ranges and it received a lot of attention in the research community. The special characteristics of the mmWave band made the beamforming problem a challenging one because it depends on many environmental and operational factors. These challenges made any model-based architecture fit only special applications, working scenarios, and specific environment geometry. All these reasons increased the need for more general machine learning based beamforming systems that can work in different environments and conditions. This increased the need for an extended adjustable dataset that can serve as a tool for any machine learning technique to build an efficient beamforming architecture. Deep MIMO dataset has been used in many architectures and designs and has proved its benefits and flexibility to fit in many cases. In this paper, we study the extension of collaborative beamforming that includes many cooperating base stations by studying the impact of User Equipment (UE) speed ranges on the beamforming performance, optimizing the parameters of the neural network architecture of the beamforming design, and suggesting the optimal design that gives the best performance for as a small dataset as possible. Suggested architecture can achieve the same performance achieved before with up to 33% reduction in the dataset size used to train the system which provides a huge reduction in the data collection and processing time.
This document discusses web accessibility and the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. It notes that approximately 78 million people have disabilities and many use computers and the internet. However, 97% of websites are currently inaccessible. The four principles of WCAG 2.0 are described: perceivable, operable, understandable and robust. Guidelines around color contrast, images, headings and navigation are covered. Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA), HTML5 and tools for automated and manual accessibility testing are also summarized.
Presenter: Dr. Xin Wang, NII
Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.07725
Self-supervised speech model is a rapid progressing research topic, and many pre-trained models have been released and used in various down stream tasks. For speech anti-spoofing, most countermeasures (CMs) use signal processing algorithms to extract acoustic features for classification. In this study, we use pre-trained self-supervised speech models as the front end of spoofing CMs. We investigated different back end architectures to be combined with the self-supervised front end, the effectiveness of fine-tuning the front end, and the performance of using different pre-trained self-supervised models. Our findings showed that, when a good pre-trained front end was fine-tuned with either a shallow or a deep neural network-based back end on the ASVspoof 2019 logical access (LA) training set, the resulting CM not only achieved a low EER score on the 2019 LA test set but also significantly outperformed the baseline on the ASVspoof 2015, 2021 LA, and 2021 deepfake test sets. A sub-band analysis further demonstrated that the CM mainly used the information in a specific frequency band to discriminate the bona fide and spoofed trials across the test sets.
RTI Keynote presentation at the 2014 OMG meeting in Boston.
Background on the Industrial Internet and Internet of Things and how DDS, specifically RTI Connext DDS is being deployed in Industrial Internet applications
Preprint-CSAE,China,21-23 October 2022.pdfChristo Ananth
Call for Papers- Special Session: Applications of Artificial Intelligence and IoT in Computer Science and Engineering, 6th International Conference on Computer Science and Application Engineering, CSAE 2022,Nanjing, China, October 21 to 23, 2022
Christo Ananth
Professor, Samarkand State University, Uzbekistan
AnaVANET: an experiment and visualization tool for vehicular networksManabu Tsukada
The experimental evaluation of wireless and mobile networks is a challenge that rarely substitutes simulation in research works. This statement is even more evident in vehicular communications, due to the equipment and effort needed to obtain significant and realistic results. In this paper, key issues in vehicular experimental evaluation are analyzed by an evaluation tool called AnaVANET, especially designed for assessing the performance of vehicular networks. This software processes the output of well-known testing tools such as ping or iperf, together with navigation information, to generate geo-aware performance figures of merit both in numeric and graphical forms. Its main analysis capabilities are used to validate the good performance in terms of delay, packet delivery ratio and throughput of NEMO, when using a road-side segment based on IPv6 GeoNetworking.
IRJET- Automated Measurement of AVR Feature in Fundus Images using Image ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an ongoing project to automatically measure the arteriolar-to-venular ratio (AVR) in fundus images using image processing and machine learning techniques. The project involves six main stages: preprocessing, vessel segmentation, region of interest detection, vessel width measurement, vessel classification into arteries and veins, and AVR calculation. So far, the team has completed the first four stages using image processing in MATLAB and Python. They are now working on the vessel classification stage, evaluating both unsupervised k-means clustering and supervised naive Bayes classification approaches. The goal of the project is to develop a fully automated method without any user input to accurately measure AVR, which is important for predicting cardiovascular and other diseases.
[DSC Adria 23] Veljko Pejovic Lightweight Deep Learning on Edge Devices.pptxDataScienceConferenc1
Deep learning on smartphones, smartwatches, and IoT devices is possible, but often slow and power hungry. At University of Ljubljana we believe that this partly because of unrealistic demands for high computational accuracy. Therefore, we develop techniques for imprecise, yet "good enough" deep learning that runs faster and consumes less energy than the standard approach. In this presentation, targeting primarily mobile computing practitioners, we will see how, using our tools, a deep learning model can be dynamically approximated to run on a smartphone with 15% less energy and no loss of accuracy.
The document summarizes key indicators for Kenya's ICT market in 2010 and 2011. It shows growth across many areas like internet bandwidth, computer ownership, internet subscriptions, and mobile phone use. However, some areas declined like fixed phone lines. Overall the ICT sector grew significantly from 2010 to 2011, with increased infrastructure supporting a shift to services and software.
A GRID VEHICULAR NODE LOCALIZATION SYSTEM VANET WITH LINER ERROR PROPAGATIONRK CONSULTANCY SERVICES
VANET navigators have been popularly adopts by using drivers. However, due to these sensibilities of GPS signals to terrains, vehicles cannot to get their locations, when they are anyone inside a tunnel or a road it’s surrounded by high rises, where satellite signal is ended. This mainly used for safety and convenience problems. But the VANETS advance into their critical areas and to become more dependent on these localization systems. GPS is starting to locate some uncertain problems, such not always being the available or not being robust enough for this some different applications. For the reason, a number of other localizations techniques such as Cellular Localization, Dead Reckoning, and Image Video Localization have been used in VANETs to overcome the GPS limitations. To address this issues, to proposes a novel Grid based On road localization system (GOT), where these vehicles with and without accurate of GPS signals self organizes into a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), exchange the locations and distance information and helps to each others to calculate an accurate position for all these vehicles inside the network. The location information’s can be exchanged among vehicles one or multiple hops away in this paper.
This document discusses stratellites, which are high-altitude airships that can be used for wireless communication networks instead of satellites or cell towers. Stratellites are unmanned balloons filled with helium that hover in the stratosphere at around 20 km altitude using solar-powered propellers. Each stratellite can service an area of 300,000 square miles. They have advantages over satellites such as lower latency, lower launch costs, and the ability to provide high-speed broadband access to remote areas. Some potential applications include providing national wireless broadband networks for voice, video, and internet access.
IRJET - Security and Privacy by IDS SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an intrusion detection system (IDS) to detect spoofing attacks in wireless sensor networks. The IDS monitors node activities and detects if a node is behaving abnormally or attacking the network. If an attack is detected, the IDS sends an alarm message to the affected node to isolate the attacker. The paper simulates this approach using OTCL language in Network Simulator 2 on Linux. The results show the IDS can efficiently detect spoofing attackers in the wireless network.
How do consumers use technology and its impact on their livesRhysBithell
The document discusses how technology usage and consumer habits have changed over time. It finds that internet access and average internet speeds in the UK have steadily increased between 2017-2020. Mobile phones are now the most popular way to access the internet, with smartphone ownership exceeding 80% and desktop usage declining. Online shopping and video streaming have also grown substantially, with more items being purchased online and the number of subscriptions to services like YouTube and Amazon increasing each year.
This document is a thesis submitted by Suneth Namal Karunarathna for the degree of Master of Engineering in Information and Communication Technologies. It discusses technology challenges for context aware multimedia services. The key challenges identified are providing seamless service continuity, context awareness in multimedia applications, content delivery in ubiquitous environments, and cross-layer adaptation for multimedia applications. The document also discusses threats to context collectors like limited resources, communication unavailability, and unattended operation. It proposes using analytic hierarchical process for context reasoning and develops models to evaluate performance and service continuity in multimedia services.
This document is a project presentation on the coexistence of Wi-Fi and Li-Fi toward 5G networks. It discusses how internet and mobile data usage is increasing globally, with video streaming becoming a major source of traffic. It proposes a hybrid Li-Fi and Wi-Fi system to provide higher data rates than Wi-Fi alone, while being more tolerant of large numbers of users. The presentation describes two types of implementation methods and evaluates system attributes like throughput over distance and during blockages. It concludes that a combined Li-Fi and Wi-Fi system has potential to address future high-speed indoor internet demands, such as for virtual reality applications.
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• Seminal%work8
o By%computer%scientists.B
o Network%coding%makes%it%possible%for%a%source%to%achieve%a%multicast%rate%equal%
to%the%minimum%of%the%maxKflow%to%the%individual%destinations%[1].%B
• Follow%up8
o Mostly%computer%scientists%adding%algebraic%formalization,%coding%theory%and%
control%theory:B
• Transfer%matrix%A(I%−%F)−1BT%for%each%receiver%is%nonKsingular%[2].B
• LPKformulation%[3],%RNC%[4],%constructions%[5].B
[1]%R.%Ahlswede,%et%al,%“Network%information%flow”,%2000.B
[2]%R.%Koeuer%and%M.%Médard,%“An%algebraic%approach%to%network%coding”,%2003.B
[3]%Z.%Li,%et%al,%“On%Achieving%Maximum%Multicast%Throughput%in%Undirected%Networks”,%2006.B
[4]%T.%Ho,%et%al,%“A%random%linear%network%coding%approach%to%multicast”,%2006.B
[5]%S.%Jaggi,%et%al,%“Polynomial%Time%Algorithms%for%Multicast%Network%Code%Construction”,%2005.B
Origins:%errorKfree%networksB
11. IRTF%#93%–%Prague%–%NWCRG%meeting8
• Seminal%work8
o Jointly%telecom%engineers%[1][2]%and%computer%scientists%[3],%different%focus.%B
• Follow%up:8
o Same%concept%of%mixing%at%intermediate%nodes,%combinations%of%lauice%points.B
o Algebra,%information%theory,%coding%theory,%scarce%networking%aspects.B
• Coding%theory%and%classic%algebraic%framework%[4].B
• LauiceKbased%algebraic%framework%for%communication%and%computation%[5][6].%B
B
B[1]%S.%Zhang%et%al.,%”Hot%topic:%physicalKlayer%network%codingr,%2006.B
B[2]%P.%Popovski%et%al.,%“The%antiKpackets%can%increase%the%achievable%throughput%of%a%
Bwireless…,”%2006.%B
B[3]%K.%Lu%et%al.,%“On%capacity%of%random%wireless%networks%with%physicalKlayer%network%
Bcoding.”,%2009.B
B[4]%B.%Nazer%et%al.,%“Reliable%physical%layer%network%coding,”%2011.B
B[5]%C.%Feng%et%al.,%“An%algebraic%approach%to%physical%layer%network%coding”,%2011.B
B[6]%B.%Nazer%et%al.,%“Expanding%the%compute%and%forward%framework:…,”%ArXiv%2015.B
B
B
Network%coding%for%wireless%networksB
12. IRTF%#93%–%Prague%–%NWCRG%meeting8
• Coherent%8
o Network%error%correction%as%a%
generalization%of%classical%linkKbyK
link%error%correction.B
[1] N. Cai and R. W. Yeung, “Network coding and
error correction,” ITW 2002.
[2] R. W. Yeung and N. Cai, “Network error
correction, Part I: Basic concepts and upper bounds;
Part II: Lower bounds,” Comm. in Inform. and
Systems, 2006.
[3] R. Matsumoto, “Construction algorithm for
network error-correcting codes attaining the
Singleton bound,” IEICE Trans. Funda., 2007.
[4] Z. Zhang, “Linear network error correction codes
in packet networks,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 2008.
[5] S. Yang, R. W. Yeung, and C. K. Ngai “Refined
Coding Bounds and Constructions for Coherent
Network Error Correction,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory,
2011.
• NonOcoherent8
– Network%coding%and%error%correction%
over%network%coded%networks%can%be%
tackled%as%separated%problems.B
[1]%S.%Jaggi,%M.%Langberg,%S.%Kaui,%T.%Ho,%D.%Katabi,%
M.%Médard%and%M.%Effros,%“Resilient%network%
coding%in%the%presence%of%Byzantine%adversaries,”%
IEEE%Trans.%Inf.%Theory,%2008.B
[2]%R.%Köuer%and%F.%R.%Kschischang,%“Coding%for%
errors%and%erasures%in%random%network%coding,”%
IEEE%Trans.%Inf.%Theory,%2008.B
[3]%D.%Silva,%F.%R.%Kschischang,%and%R.%Köuer,%“A%
rankKmetric%approach%to%error%control%in%random%
network%coding,”%IEEE%Trans.%Inf.%Theory,%2008.B
[4]%D.%Feng,%R.%W.%Nóbrega,%%D.%Silva,%and%F.%R.%
Kschischang,%“Communication%over%FiniteKRing%
Matrix%Channels,”%IEEE%Trans.%Inf.%Theory,%2013.B
Network%coding%for%error%correctionB
24. IRTF%#93%–%Prague%–%NWCRG%meeting8
Distance (m)
Recoveryprobability
90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250 270 2900
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
MrT
Heu. UEP-RAM
QoS level 1
QoS level 2
QoS level 3
QoS level 4
EW-NC
60% of the users are located between 90 m
and 180 m from the centre of the cell
75% of the users
90% of the users
99% of the users
Conv. Strategy
EWKNC%4%LAYERS%–%illustration%of%performance[1]B
Users%placed%along%the%symmetry%axis%one%cellKsector.B