The document provides an overview of key concepts from Week 1-3 of the course material, including: 1. A review of terms related to the Rizal Law such as bill, law, executive order, and national hero. 2. An activity analyzing arguments for and against the Rizal Bill, and consideration of which works of Rizal should be studied to inspire nationalism. 3. A review question checking understanding of the Spanish colonial political and education systems, and the challenges of the 19th century that contributed to Philippine nationalism. 4. An activity to create political diagrams comparing the Spanish colonial system to an ideal contemporary system, addressing issues like fair representation of regions.

1. WEEK 1-3
Let’s Check Activity 1.1 (pg. 14)
a. Bill
The Congress is in charge of enacting legislation. There is a draft, which we refer to as a bill or a
proposed law, that has been presented and requires discussion.
b. Law
It has already been approved by the president and is currently being debated in a separate
government sector. When something is already deemed law, everyone in the country should follow it.
c. EO
An Executive Order is what it's called. An order from the president to various government
departments with the responsibility of enforcing a legislation.
d. RA 1425
This Republic Act mandates that classes on Jose Rizal's lifework and writings be included in the
curriculum of both private and public schools, colleges, and institutions.
e. SB 438
Senate Bill No. 438, often known as the Rizal Bill, mandated that all educational institutions in the
Philippines provide a course about the writer and his works.
f. HB 5561
provide an utmost importance to inculcate nationalism and patriotism to Filipinos through the
writings of Rizal.
g. Claro M. Recto
Senator Claro M. Recto was the major proponent of the Noli-Fili Bill, also known as Senate Bill
438, which is now being debated in the Senate (SB 438).
h. EO 75
A regulation establishing the National Heroes Committee (NHC) to assess national figures who
have had a significant effect on Philippine history.
i. National Hero
Most Filipinos consider Jose Rizal to be our national hero, but he is not the only one; we honor
others as national heroes because of their contributions, recognition, character, and notable
achievements for our country.
j. Makamisa

2. José Rizal, a Filipino nationalist and writer, wrote an unfinished book. In 1987, historian Ambeth
Ocampo discovered the original text while looking through a 245-page collection of materials.
Let’s Analyze 1.1 (pg. 15-16)
1. Between the arguments from those in favor and those against the Rizal Bill's passage into law,
which makes sense to you more? And what is your counterargument to the one that makes sense to
you less?
It makes more sense to support the Rizal Bill becoming Law. Apart from paying tribute to Jose Rizal, our
national hero, we honor our beloved country by paying homage to those who have sacrificed their lives
to ensure our freedom. Jose Rizal has done so much for our country, and all Filipinos ought to know what
he has accomplished and how he has done it. My counterargument to those who oppose the passage of
the Rizal Bill is to provide the most difficult question they may face. Why would they deny the Filipino
young the opportunity to learn about Rizal's manner of serving the country? They have the potential to
make a tremendous impact on their fellow inhabitants and the Philippines as a whole.
2. Given that the expressed purpose of the Rizal Law is to inspire nationalism and patriotism to
the young Filipinos, do you agree with the opposition's proposal to have as material for study the more
nationalistic works of Rizal rather than the Noli and the Fili? If so, which work/s of Rizal or any other
great Filipinos would you have had as study material/s?
I am not convinced that the study of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo should be abandoned in the
Philippine educational system. When the opposition says that we should study more about more patriotic
works, they have a point. They simply do not comprehend how patriotic these two works are. For my
part, I would rather teach them about these two novels first so that they realize the significance of the
two masterpieces.
3. Heroes are created either by acclamation (before 1993's EO 75) or proclamation (after EO 75).
Which between the two do you prefer?
I would like a declaration after EO 75 in 1993, in which criteria for picking our national heroes would be
established after Rizal's death. There were many theories and guesses when they made that
announcement since some regions that critics and writers had not been proven about previously.
However, because people believe that what they see is what they get, they simply let that acclamation
happen. Having the correct criterion in picking our national heroes is crucial for our age and period since
we may all be heroes in our unique ways.
4.Cite a specific person who lived (and died) in the past decade that you consider a hero. Using as
reference the criteria given by the National Heroes Committee, explain why you consider him/her as
such.

3. Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago deserves to be a national hero because she serves the country with all
her might by telling the truth honestly and boldly. She became a senator and was able to demonstrate
authentic Filipino service while criticizing others who are unconstitutional.
Let’s Check 1.2 (pg. 27-29)
1. The feudal system brought by the Spaniards
to the Philippines was the epitome of equality
and justice.
a. No, because only the encomendero and the
designated official enjoyed benefits
commensurate to their capital or work.
b. Yes, because everyone – the encomendero,
the designated officials and the workers –
received benefits commensurate to their capital
or labor.
c. Yes, because although only the encomendero
and the designated officials enjoyed economic
benefits, the workers still received the
protection of the former two.
d. No, because what actually happened was that
the encomendero preyed on the designated
officials while the designated officials preyed on
the workers.
2. Which is the correct hierarchy during the 19th-
century Philippine society?
a. Peninsulares – Insulares – Mestizo – Indio -
Muslim
b. Peninsulares – Insulares – Mestizo – Muslim -
Indio
c. Insulares – Peninsulares – Mestizo – Ilustrado
- Indio
d. Peninsulares – Insulares –
Mestizo/Principalia – Indio
3. The political system during the Spanish
colonial period was a centralized machinery.
a. False. There were robust and functioning local
governments that enjoyed semi-autonomy from
the Captain General.
b. True. Everything was directed from the
monarchy in Spain. All Viceroys answer to the
sitting monarch.
c. True. All local governments answered to their
respective Captain General who, in turn,
ultimately reported to their respective Viceroy.
d. False. The head of each Captaincy General
operated independent of other Captaincies.
4. In which capacity did the Captain General
exercise executive authority?
a. As President of the Real Audiencia
b. As General of the Armed Forces
c. As the Vice Patron of the Islands
d. As the Governor of the Islands
5. Who served as the Military Vice General of the
Islands the Spanish-era Philippines?
a. Intendant General
b. Visitador General
c. Cabo Segundo
d. Bishop of Manila

4. 6. For which reason was the Cabo Segundo office
created?
a. To hold in check the political power of the
Bishop of Manila.
b. To assist the Captain General in his office.
c. To succeed into the office of Governor General
in the event of the latter's death
d. To enforce the Captain General’s orders to the
alcaldia.
7. Which task was not exercised of the Real
Audiencia?
a. Functioned as the Supreme Court of the
Islands
b. Appointed the next Captain General.
c. Took charge of the government upon the
death of the Captain General up until the
successor arrived.
d. Advised the Captain General on legal matters.
8. Who was appointed the highest judge of the
Real Audiencia?
a. Constable
b. Attorney-General
c. Oidores
d. Captain General
9. Which depicts the correct hierarchy of local
government officials during the Spanish-era
Philippines?
a. Gobernadorcillo - Alcalde Mayor - Capitan-
Municipal - Cabeza de Barangay
b. Alcalde Mayor – Corregidor – Gobernadorcillo
– Capitan Municipal.
c. Alcalde Mayor – Corregidor – Capitan
Municipal – Cabeza de Barangay
d. Alcalde Mayor – Gobernadorcillo – Corregidor
– Cabeza de Barangay
10. The following were the main causes of the
problems in the 19th-century Philippine political
system, except:
a. The fact that ecclesiastics proved to be more
powerful than
the government officials.
b. The hierarchy was not strictly followed.
c. The fact that high ranking officials were
members of
Spanish nobility.
d. The appointed nature of officials
11. Which role of the political setup
contributed more to the encomienda system
being abusive?
a. the institution of the tribute system and forced
labor
b. the duty of the alcalde mayor to collect taxes
c. the privilege given to the alcalde mayor to
engage in trade
d. the fact that the alcalde mayor served both as
the administrator and judge
12. The following are true about the 19th century
Philippine educational system, except:
a. Initially, formal education was only about
Roman Catholicism, the purpose was to convert

5. the natives to the faith, and the first teachers
were friars.
b. Later on, secular subjects were offered
specifically in the secondary and tertiary levels.
c. The system discriminated against the natives.
d. Men were prioritized for higher education
compared to women
13. Upon whose order the 1863 reform in
education proceeded?
a. Isabella II
b. Minister Segismundo Moret
c. Governor General Carlos Maria de la Torre
d. Fray Francisco Rivas
14. Considered to be an engineering feat, what
transpired in 1869 that made trading even faster
and more widespread?
a. Building of the largest factory complex that
utilized steam
b. Invention of telegraph
c. Improvement of the sanitation system
d. opening of the Suez Canal
15. Which is considered the catalyst for the
downfall of many kingdoms and empires and
even of the temporal powers of the Church?
a. The defeat of Napoleon in Waterloo
b. The French Revolution
c. Marx and Engel’s Manifesto
d. The abolition of slavery
Let’s Analyze 1.2 (pg. 30 – 31)
1.2 Getting acquainted with the terms and concept used in the Rizal Law and its background is not enough.
One must deepen its understanding, hence I will require you to explain thoroughly your answers on the
following questions.
1.During the time of Rizal, there were a lot of abuses in the Administrative System. Please cite two
government or societal abuses/corrupt practices which exist today and your recommendations to
eradicate these practices.
The origins of government corruption and misuse of power may be traced back to the time of the ancient
Filipinos. Maltreatments by Spanish friars and officials at the start of the Spanish colonial period
exacerbated these problems. A cost-effective strategy to developing shared trust between citizens and
government is to enhance individuals' interest in anti-corruption and empower them to hold the
government accountable. Community watching programs, for example, have occasionally aided in the
identification of corruption, decreased budget leakages, and improved the size and type of government
administrations.

6. 2. How did the challenges of the 19th century contribute to the building of nationalism in the country?
In the Philippines, public education did not begin until 1863, and even then, the curriculum was controlled
by the church. Only around a fifth of those who went to school was able to read and write in Spanish.
Many affluent sons were sent to Europe to study by the 1880s. What became known as the Propaganda
Movement developed from this group. José Rizal, the most brilliant person in this movement, wrote two
political novels. The Katipunan was devoted to driving the Spaniards from the islands. Andres Bonifacio, a
self-educated warehouseman, led the group's formation.
Furthermore, the Creoles, who today identify themselves as "Filipino," contributed to the sense of
national consciousness. Three key elements contributed to its emergence: economics, education, and the
secularization of parishes. The Philippines' openness to international or global commerce, the
development of the middle class, and the inflow of liberal ideals from Europe are all factors.
3. Comparing the socio-political and economic conditions between the 19th century and the
contemporary Philippine society, how much has changed?
Railroads, steamships, and technological advancements all contributed to linking the Philippines' many
areas. Literacy was seen as a weapon by the Filipinos as well, a tool for decolonization. The Philippines
was one of the world's wealthiest countries in the nineteenth century. In the nineteenth century, the
Philippines' economic situation gave rise to Haciendas, or "cash-crop economies." Among the lucrative
crops were sugar, tobacco, abaka, and coffee. In the Philippines, the middle class emerged in the
nineteenth century. Because of the cash crops, the land became the major source of wealth. Literacy was
also viewed as a liberation and decolonization tool. The Philippines was one of the world's wealthiest
countries in the nineteenth century.
The Philippines managed most of the world's supply because of its abundance of cash crops. Because of
this control, the Philippines was considered technologically sophisticated, with railways, steamships, and
modern communication networks. I am having second thoughts about it right now. What went wrong,
exactly? In the Philippines, what went wrong? During the nineteenth century, humans achieved incredible
advances in trade, agriculture, and industry. I have not seen any big changes as of now. Isn't it true that
we cannot achieve progress on our own? as a nation? Nevertheless, I believe the Philippines can achieve
its goal. We only need the right moment and opportunity; nevertheless, I hope that we will not be
colonized by another colonizer when that time and opportunity comes.

7. 4. Create a Political Diagram during the Spanish Era. The arrangement will be in a triangle ( ) form, the
peak will be the Spanish Official. Secondly, create your ideal Political Diagram in this present time.
In my ideal Political Diagram I, it is a
federal democracy, exactly as in any
other country. Everything is the same
except for the fact that I want Luzon,
Visayas, and Mindanao to be states of the
Philippines. Each state has its own
constitution that grants it the authority to
legislate and charge taxes. I want this
because Visayas and Mindanao have not
been treated fairly. Most of the taxes will
solely benefit Luzon. So, it is with this
Political Structure. Visayas and Mindanao
are provided opportunities to grow and
prosper. To demonstrate their ability to
thrive and improve the lives of their
citizens. Overall, the Philippines will grow
as a country.
King of Spain
Governador General, Royal
Audencia Residencia, Lower
Courts
Alcalde Mayor, Corregidor,
Cabildo
Gobernadorcillos , Alcalde,
Regidores,Aguacil Mayor,
Escribando
Cabeza de Barangay
EXECUTIVE
President
Vice President, Cabinet
LEGISLATIVE
Senate and House Representative
JUDICIARY
Supreme Court & Lower Courts
STATE GOVERNMENT
Executive, Legislative and Judiciary
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
Senate and House Representative

8. Let’s Check 1. 3 (pg.37)
Write True is the statement is correct and False is the statement is wrong. Read carefully the
following statements.
TRUE 1. One of the reasons why Philippines is easily been conquered is the tribal conflicts before
the Spanish came
TRUE 2. According to the Post-colonial theory, one of the consequence of being colonize is
modernization and adaptation of the new set of rules.
TRUE 3. Jose Rizal is known to be the influencer of Bonifacio in terms of Nationalism.
TRUE 4. Nationalism is the concept or a virtue of loving your own country.
FALSE 5. One of the major concerns of tribes in the Philippines is the ancestral displacement.
Good thing the Philippine government declared their land to be a business domain for
development and preservation.
TRUE 6. One of the effect of colonial hybridity is being conquered.
FALSE 7. One of the aim of cultural displacement is to locate and preserve the ancertral history
of the Philippines as advocated by Dr. Jose Rizal.
TRUE 8. It is believed that tagalog would be the best suited language to be learned by the natives.
FALSE 9. The issue in displaced ancestry and culture is resolved after the spanish era.
TRUE 10. Cultural displacement is an issue exclusive in the Philippine history and society.

9. Let’s Check 1.4 (pg. 38)
Matching Type: match the best suited answer for the column A and from the choices in
the Column B.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
B we define patriotism as “love for or devotion to one’s
country” and is focused on bravey and duty. For example
a. Political Nationalism
G For Jose Rizal the lack of nationalism was the evil that
gradually destroyed one’s identity and freedom. Thus he
said
b. Example: Filipino soldiers defended
their country by fighting the Maute
guerillas in Marawi City
D Preferring to buy Filipino products and preferring to work
in the Philippines rather than abroad is what type of
nationalism?
c. he preferred the PEN and people's
organizations to fight for freedom
F Fighting for the protection of the rights of our countrymen
(workers, farmers, women, children, PWDs, senior
citizens) is an example of
d. Economic Nationalism
H nationalism is “loyalty and devotion to a nation. also
includes “exalting one nation above all others and placing
primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests
as opposed to those of other nations or supranational
groups. For example?
e. Negritos and Malays
C Jose Rizal did not prefer the sword as the tool to achieve
independence but
f. Example: the President protected
local (Filipino) products by imposing
taxes on imported foreign products to
ensure the growth of Filipino
companies and workers.
A Nationalism as a word is preferrebaly applied in political
movements/organizations. For example?
g. he preferred the PEN and people's
organizations to fight for freedom
E They are the earliest settlers in the Philippines. h. Example: The natives fought for
independence from Spain; This
organization is fighting against the
corruption of Government officials who
stole money from the people
J What is Jose Rizal's belief with regard to the lack of
nationalism and its effect to the country.
I Hospitality, Close family ties, Respect
for elders, Pakikisama, Hardwork,
Education, Bayanihan
I Some common Filipino traits are: j.A man in the Philippines is only an
individual, he is not a member of a
nation.” He is forbidden and denied of
the right of association and is therefore
weak.

10. Let’s Analyze 1.3 (pg. 39 – 40)
Getting acquainted with the terms and concept used in the Rizal Law and its background is not enough.
One must deepen its understanding; hence I will require you to explain thoroughly your answers on the
following questions.
1.What steps do the government take to protect our ancestors and cultural ancestry? In your own
opinion, is it enough, and if you will be implementing it, what would be your steps and program?
The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act, adopted by the Philippine government, is a historic piece of law. It has
been commended for its support for indigenous peoples' cultural integrity, the right to their territories,
and the right to self-development of these areas. The Philippines' indigenous peoples continue to live in
physically isolated places with limited access to basic social services and little possibilities for broad
economic activity, education, or political engagement.
In my opinion, the protection and support of our government are maybe not enough, but I know that they
are trying their best to help our ancestors and cultural ancestry. There are so many hindrances to help
them like rebellion, rich people who oppressed our indigenous people, and unfortunately, they are maybe
one of our government officials.
2.What is Nationalism, and what differentiates the nationalism of Rizal and Bonifacio.
Nationalism has been a recurring feature of civilizations since antiquity, while the modern
definition of national political independence and self-determination was codified in the late 18th century.
Nationalism is a political, social, and economic framework defined by promoting a country's interests,
especially to achieve and preserve sovereignty (self-governance) over the homeland. Thus, nationalism
tries to safeguard the country's attitude via pride in public accomplishments and is closely connected to
nationalism, which contains the concept that this person should control the country's administration and
production methods in some cases.
Dr. José Rizal soon rose to prominence as the most powerful propagandist. His work Noli me
tángere (1886; The Social Cancer, 1912) revealed Manila society's corruption and fueled the
independence movement. The Spaniards then detained Rizal, who had pushed for change but never
supported the revolution. Rizal's public execution on December 30, 1896, outraged and unified Filipinos
to such an extent that Spain's continued rule was untenable.
By 1892, it was clear that Spain was hesitant to change its colonial administration. Andres
Bonifacio, a self-taught warehouse clerk, founded the Katipunan, a secret revolutionary group in Manila.
By August 1896, when the Spaniards found it, membership had swelled to an estimated 100,000. Bonifacio
attempted to form his rebel government after refusing to acknowledge the convention. Bonifacio was
captured and prosecuted for treason by Aguinaldo in April 1897, and a firing squad killed him.
In conclusion, this story was like Rizal sowed the revolution's seed, and Bonifacio watered it.

11. 3.The ICCs/IPs must not be removed from their homes. No ICCs/IPs will be relocated without their free
and prior informed consent, nor through any means other than eminent domain. What can you say about
it? Please cite some evidence or proof of your stand.
Well, I agree with this statement. ICCs/IPs deserve to be treated well and protect their rights as
part of the state, especially by our very own government. According to Republic Act no. 8371, the state
shall protect the rights of ICCs/IPs to their ancestral domains to ensure their economic, social and cultural
well-being and shall recognize the applicability of customary laws governing property rights or relations
in determining the ownership and extent of ancestral domain
IN A NUTSHELL
The importance of the spirit of nationalism and patriotism in nation-building that the Rizal Law
advocated, the national heroes exemplified and the national literature inspired cannot possibly be
overemphasized.
Based on the knowledge that you have acquired, including the controversies, and the learning
exercises that you have done, please feel free to write your arguments or lessons learned below.
I have indicated my arguments or lessons learned.
1 Nationalists and patriots, with the terms herein loosely used, are found on both sides of the debate for
or against the passage of the Rizal Bill into Law. The beef is not so much about the purpose as it was about
the content of the Law.
2 Both the somewhat informal “acclamation” and the more or less formal “proclamation” approach in
recognizing national heroes can fall prey to the mechanisms of politics. Hence, whoever is “acclaimed” or
“proclaimed” must be evaluated and reevaluated if he or she is to function as model for the youth. More
importantly, the evaluation and reevaluation is primarily the students’ responsibility and only secondarily
the teacher’s.
ANSWER:
3. Rizal legislation is highly successful in developing patriotism among secondary school students and
other young people since it motivates and motivates us to be law-abiding citizens who are generous and
socially responsible for the benefit of the nation.
4. Nationalists and patriots, to use the words loosely, may be found on both sides of the argument over
the passing of the Rizal Bill into law. The issue isn't so much about the intention as it is about the content
of the law.

12. 5. even though Dr. Jose Rizal's qualifications appear to meet all criteria, he is not recognized as a
Philippines' national hero. He is regarded as one of the Philippines' national heroes. No law, executive
order, or proclamation has been adopted or issued formally designating any Filipino historical person as
a National Hero, according to NCCA. However, some heroes, such as Dr. Jose Rizal and Gat. Andres
Bonifacio has special dates set aside as a memory mark and is recognized as a national holiday.

13. WEEK 4-5
Let’s Check 2.1 (pg. 50)
Now that we have finished this unit of the module, I’m going to test your knowledge and understanding
with the following activities and exercises to know how deep your comprehension and knowledge in this
Unit ULO-b. is
Recreate the Family Tree of Dr. Jose Rizal
.
Domingo Lamco
Francisco Mercado
Inez de la Rosa
Cirilia Bernacha
Juan Mercado Cirilia Alejandro
Francisco Mercado Rizal
Eugenio Ursua Benigna
Manuel de Quintos Regina
Lorenzo
Alberto Alonzo
Lorenzo
Alberto Alonzo
Brigida Quintos
Teodora Alonzo
Realonda
Saturnina Rizal Paciano Rizal Narcisa Rizal Olimpia Rizal Lucia Rizal Maria Rizal

14. Let’s Check 2.2 (pg. 51)
Fill in the Blanks Write the answer on the space provided
Paciano Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda 1 . The only brother of Dr. Jose Rizal
7ht 2 Jose is the ___ child of Don Francisco.
Soledad Rizal Quintero 3 She is the youngest sister of Paciano and Jose.
Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz 4 The Maestro of Jose in Binan, Laguna
Eight 5 Jose is only ___ years old, when he first write his first poem.
Calamba, Philippines 6 The birth place of Jose Rizal.
Inez de la Rosa 7 Domingo Lamco was married to a lady who lives in Manila.
Doña Teodora 8 She is considered as the first teacher of our national hero.
Leon Monroy 9 The classmate of Don Francisco who taught Jose Spanish & Latin.
Jose Alberto 10 The brother of Dona Teodora.
Let’s Check 2.3 (pg. 51)
Matching Type: Match column A to column B. Write the Letter in the space provided.
Column A Column B
P 1. Calamba, Laguna A The maestro of Pepe who died
I 2. Biñan, Laguna B School governed by the Jesuit
B 3. Ateneo de Municipal C The professor of Pepe during his senior year
L 4. Santa Isabel College D The winning poem of Jose Rizal
J 5. Carthagian Empire E The lover of Jose in Paris
C 6. Fr. Francisco Sanchez F The ancestry line of Doña Teodora
D 7.La Juventud Filipina G Friend of Segunda Katigbak
O 8. University of Santo Tomas H The poem written by Jose when he is 8.
N 9. Saturnina I The first Formal schooling of Jose occurred
F 10.Rajha Lakandula J Externos
E 11.Nelly Busted K Internos
M 12. Leonor Rivera L Where Jose took private lesson in Spanish
H 13. Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo M Known as Taimas
K 14. Roman Empire N Oldest sister of Paciano
A 15.Leon Munroy O School governed by Dominicans
P Mercado’s residence

15. Let’s Analyze 2.1 (pg. 52-56)
In a historical approach, such as what we use in the course, knowing relevant facts simply is not enough.
A deeper analysis is also necessary to have a clearer grasps of the stories (kwento). Likewise, generating
meaning (kwenta) from the stories (kwento) is essential in making the study more personal. I now require
you to answer the following items thoroughly.
1. The colorful ancestry of Rizal did not just contain names of long-dead people; it also tells of the
influences that our hero inherited from his forebears. What, in your understanding, was the most
significant impact of his paternal ancestry on the Rizal that we know?
As we all know, Rizal's ancestors were involved in politics and governance. Francisco Mercado
and Juan Alejandro were elected as gobernadorcillos in Binan. That, in my opinion, was the most
significant impact on the Rizal we know today. During the Spanish Era, our beloved Dr. Jose Rizal
campaigned for improvements to the government structure. He campaigned for a clean and egalitarian
government for the Filipino people because he desired it. His father's side had a significant effect on his
mentality. Because of his paternal heritage, Rizal was already well-versed in the workings of politics at an
early age. As a result of the Spaniards' actions against the Filipinos, he chooses to implement reforms and
adjustments to ensure a clean and fair government.
2. Rizal, based on his ancestry, was from a robust and influential family. Had Rizal been born poor and
without socio-political influence, would he still accomplish what he had performed about the fight for
the Philippines?
Dr. Jose Rizal's powerful and prominent family had a lot to do with the struggle he won for the
Philippines. If Pepe had been born impoverished and without sociopolitical influence, he might not have
regarded as one of our national heroes. Rizal's mother was his first instructor, but Dona Teodora realized
she needed to employ private tutors to help him with his studies as he grew older. They hired three tutors
to offer Rizal home instruction. Second, during his senior years, he was sent to universities. It provided
him with an opportunity to broaden and enhance his intellectual capability. Finally, he pursued medical
studies, which is why he is known as Dr. Jose Rizal. Education was only available to the privileged few
during the reign of the Spaniards. Rizal's academic abilities were polished by his teachers and the
universities he attended. If his family is not financially solid, he will be unable to pursue his education
overseas. Therefore, even if Rizal was born with natural brilliance, his mentors played an essential part in
his success. Rizal was famed for his concept of the bloodless war. For the battle he had, he utilized his
brain and pen. Rizal would not correctly advocate for changes on the Spaniards if he was not well-versed
on the subject.
3. What traits that Rizal showed during his educational journey in Manila that today's students can
make much good use of?
Rizal demonstrated characteristics during his academic journey in Manila that today's students
might benefit from. First, there's his bravery. I'm not interested in how he wrestled or how he painted his
classmate Jose Guevarra. My bravery stems from the notion that no one is permitted to underestimate

16. you. You must have authority for people to respect you. The second is his tenacity. Rizal had taken the
entrance examinations for the College of San Juan de Letran, but he denied admission. Rather than giving
up, Rizal seeks another school where he may continue his studies, and he gets accepted into the Ateneo
de Municipal. We, like students today, should be as tenacious in life as Rizal was. When we make errors
or fail in our studies, many of us prefer to give up. We should investigate Rizal's tenacity. Always remember
Woodrow Kroll's motivating statement, "When God closes a door, He always opens a window." If you fail,
keep going because failing will only make you stronger—finally, his dedication to his studies. All we have
to do is study diligently and give it our all to learn. We must be dedicated to our studies and not take
anything for granted.
4. One source of debate, even today, was the disparity between the performance of Rizal while he was
in the Ateneo and his performance at the UST. The reasons cited for his relatively average performance
at the UST, which do you think had factored in the most?
Rizal, as we all know, is a living example of patriotism and nationalism. Rizal's mediocre
performance at the UST has been attributed to a variety of factors. The racial prejudice of Filipino students
by Dominican students, in my opinion, is the most critical issue. It also claimed that the Dominicans are
unfriendly and do not provide Rizal with a complete education. As a result, it has a significant impact on
his academic success at UST.
Let’s Check 2.4 (pg. 66)
Now that we have finished this unit of the module, I’m going to test your knowledge and understanding
with the following activities and exercises to know how deep is your comprehension and knowledge in
this week.
Multiple Choice: Choose the correct answer from the given options in each number. Write the letter of
your choice on the space provided.
B 1. Noli Me Tangere is the First Novel of Dr. Jose Rizal that means
A. Back off B. Touch me not C. Stay away D. Do not Enter
A 2. Dr. Jose Rizal joined the Mason Group in Paris namely
A. Acacia B. Yakal C. Narra D. Apitong
C 3. Jose study ophthalmology with the purpose
A. To help the blind Filipinos C. To attend to the eyes condition of his mother
B. To maintain the eyesight of his father D. To add his Educational Degrees

17. C 4. The El Filibusterismo is published with the Help of Viola at
A. Spain B. Portugal C. Germany D. Geneva
C 5. Returning to the Philippines Dr. Jose Rizal is accused and rumored by his enemies as
A. A thief and murdered in Spain C. A French Spy
B. A mason and a protestant D. All of the Above
C 6. In his defense to Dr. Jose Rizal’s novel Reverend Vicente Garcia said that
A. Jose Rizal cannot be an ignorant man because he was a graduate of Spanish University
B. He does not attack the Church and Spain but the bad Spanish officials that are abusive.
C. That he also committed a mortal sin because he read the novel
D. All of the Above
A 7. When in Spain Jose received news about the situation in the Philippines through his friend Chengoy
telling that
A. There was a cholera outbreak and Leonor Rivera was sick
B. There was a dengue outbreak and Leonor Rivera was sick
C. There was a revolution and Leonor Rivera was sick
D. None of the Above
C 8. Jose Rizal celebrated his 26th birthday at
A. San Francisco B. Calamba C. Geneva D. Spain
A 9. Won the 2nd prize in the painting completion in Spain
A. Felix Hidalgo B. Antonio Morga C. Juan Luna D. Miguel Morayta
B 10. A distinguishing German Ophthalmologist and owner of a clinic where Rizal worked as an assistant.
A. Dr. Feodor Jagor B. Dr. Otto Becker C. Dr. Adolf Meyer D Dr. Maximo Viola

18. Let’s Check 2.5 (pg. 67)
Modified True or False: Write C if the statement is correct and W if the statement is wrong, write the
correct words/phrase to make the statement correct and underline the words/phrase that makes the
statement wrong. (2pts. each)
Example: DR. JOSE RIZAL W. Andres Bonifacio was the author of El Filibusterismo.
C 1. At first, Rizal didn’t find Barcelona a great city with atmosphere of freedom and liberalism.
C 2. Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt was Rizal’s good friend.
C 3. Jose joined the Masonry for him to be protected from the Friars of Spain.
Juan Luna W 4. The Spolarium was painted by Felix Hidalgo.
C 5. Jose Rizal was detained by the police authorities in Spain upon joining a demonstration to support
their professor Dr. M Morayta.
Noli me Tangere W 6. El Filibusterismo means “touch me not.”
Paciano, Saturnina, and Tio Antonio W 7. Jose told his parents before going to Spain to study.
C 8. In his speech in honor of Luna and Hidalgo, he mentioned that they were not only the pride of the
Philippines but also Spain.
C 9. El Filibusterismo was published in Ghent on September 18, 1891.
Jose Rizal W 10. Galicano Apaciable was the Honorary President of Asociacion La Solidaridad.
Rudolf Carl Virchow W 11. Jose Rizal was invited by the Spanish Authorities to stay with them in Hong
Kong.
C 12. One of the reasons why Dr. Jose Rizal went to London was to Search for the book of Dr. Morgan.
Hongkong W 13. In Dr. Jose Rizal’s second travel abroad his first destination was United States.
C 14. Dr. Rizal noticed the prevalent inequality between the White and Asians in the US.
C 15. Felix Hidalgo, brother-in-law of Jose, was deported because allegedly, he was a filibuster
and a representative of Jose Rizal in the propaganda against the friars.

19. Let’s Analyze 2.2 In a historical approach, such as what we use in the course, knowing relevant facts simply
is not enough. A deeper analysis is also necessary to have a clearer grasps of the stories (kwento). Likewise,
generating meaning (kwenta) from the stories (kwento) is essential in making the study more personal. I
now require you to answer the following items thoroughly.
1.While in Europe, Rizal experienced a number of things that contributed more to his desire for a better
Philippines. In a way, Padre Burgos’ instruction for young people to seek education outside the country
was proven good. What does this entail to you as students?
As a student, this entails me to reinforce and strengthen our education for the sake of our very
own country because before, most Filipinos lacked the advantage of education and the advantages that
came with it, or if they had, it was the obscurantist sort promoted by colonial policy, which not only kept
Filipinos in the dark about their rights, but also shaped them into an uneducated or worse, subservient
people. They had turned them into a despised, subservient people who were either unaware of or
ashamed of their proud past, which before the advent of the Spaniards. Finally, Rizal understood that the
Philippines had never been adequately represented in the Spanish legislature. This, according to Rizal, was
the source of the country's lack of justice, or its deprivation of basic rights.
2. Rizal and Marcelo del Pilar had had several differences specifically regarding the direction for the
La Solidaridad. Yet, they remained friends and continued to hold each other in high regard. What
beneficial thing can the people in politics now get from such a relationship?
The significance of diplomacy and how it preserves peace is a valuable lesson that individuals in
politics today may learn from Jose Rizal and Marcelo del Pilar's friendship. In a nutshell, diplomacy allows
groups or individuals to advance their interests via genuine conversation and agreement on terms. It
avoids confrontation and violence by allowing both parties to debate the context of their interests and
reach agreements without having to go to court. It also allows them to listen to one another, discuss, and
finally reach a point of agreement on resolving any disagreements or misunderstandings. Here, diplomatic
techniques enable both parties to reach a point of agreement while maintaining their friendship and
politeness. To put it another way, via diplomacy, individuals on opposing sides can come to an
understanding and overcome any ill that will breed contempt and lead to violence. This was the most
important lesson that individuals in Philippine politics should take away from Rizal and Del Pilar's love-
hate relationship.

20. 3.In the "Brindis," Rizal said, "Genius knows no country." What does the statement mean to a 21st-
century student like you?
Rizal's comment simply implies that pure brilliance or skill may be acknowledged everywhere in
the globe, regardless of where you are from, what color your skin is, or how tall or short you are. That if
you are meant to be great, you'll be great no matter where you are.
It gives me hope that I can achieve my goals and be the greatest at anything I do as a student—
Rizal isn't the only one who has shown this characteristic. We also have Lea Salonga, who has created a
name for herself in the theater world outside of the nation. On the billiard table, we had the "Magician"
Efren Reyes, who outshined his opponents. We have Senator Manny Pacquiao, who has given his all in
the world of boxing. They are live proof that Filipinos can succeed in any environment. Yes, they are
subjected to injustices and prejudice, like a little fish attempting to outswim other fish in a huge ocean.
But their abilities and capabilities outshined those of others.
I'm not going to go anywhere if I'm full of self-doubt. I can make a difference for myself, my
nation, and the world if I take a leap of faith and trust in the ability and skill God has given me.
4.More than a century after Spain finally relinquished her country's hold, and yet colonial entrapment
is still very much alive today. Cite some forms of colonial entrapment today, explain whether it is
beneficial or harmful to let yourself entrapped, and state how to avoid such entrapment?
For more than 300 years, the Philippines ruled by the Spanish government. In 1946, we gained
independence and became a sovereign nation. Even though over a century has passed, we are still under
the control of our colonists. Colonial entrapment, also known as colonial mindset, is a situation in which
Filipinos show a strong desire for items from the West—Europe and America—or other nations while
ignoring items from their own country (David, 2013).
5.The Conquista espiritual, as noted by leading historians like Austin Craig and Leon Maria Guerrero,
was by far more successful than the military conquest of the conquistadors. As students of history, what
lesson/s have you learned from this?
Conquista Spiritual conquest is a logical paradigm for interpreting colonization operations to
convert indigenous peoples to Catholicism and afterward to different sects of Christianity. Because of its
long-term and non-destructive consequence, this form of conquest is more commendable than armed
conquest. Despite the locals' hostility to any sort of conquest, they could convert the bulk of the
population to Catholicism using the right tactics. The missionaries used colorful fiestas, processions,
dances, theater acts, and Moro-Moro plays to captivate and persuade the people. And they were able to
convert a large number of people in a relatively short period.
Spiritual conquest has a long-lasting influence on the locals than military conquest, including
guns and forced enslavement. Fear spread through military conquest, and tyranny is prevalent. Human
lives and property become collateral. Overall, Catholicism, the long-term consequence of spiritual
conquest in the Philippines, is still practiced. A clear demonstration that the Church's influence much
outweighs the strength of military forces.

21. Based on the knowledge that you have acquired and the learning exercises that you have done, please
feel free to write your arguments or lessons learned below. I have indicated my arguments or lessons
learned.
IN A NUTSHELL (pg. 73)
1 Winning the battle of ideas is more effective than winning the physical battle.
2 Although new ideas, culture and beliefs are not essentially bad, accepting them must be accompanied
with a great deal of caution. Likewise, deciding to remain in the old beliefs and practices must also be
done with a great deal of assessment and evaluation.
Your Turn
3. Finally, I understood that the Philippines had never been adequately represented in the Spanish
legislature. This, according to Rizal, the source of the country's lack of justice, or its deprivation of basic
rights.
4. n the "Brindis," Rizal said, "Genius knows no country." Rizal's comment simply implies that pure
brilliance or skill may be acknowledged everywhere in the globe, regardless of where you are from, what
color your skin is, or how tall or short you are. That if you are meant to be great, you'll be great no matter
where you are.

22. WEEK 6-7
Let’s Check 2.6 (pg.80)
Now that you know why Dr. Jose Rizal annotated the Book of Antonio De Morga’s book. This is the
moment for us to check our understanding and knowledge of the topic. Write at least 3 points where Rizal
agreed and disagreed with Morga’s point of view.
AGREE DISAGREE
1.The Philippines were already ruled by the
Spanish.
Rizal highlighted how one-sided the book was by
claiming that the indigenous of regions not
colonized by the Spaniards were the genuine
cultured locals.
2. [When Morga says that the lands were
"entrusted" (given as encomiendas) to those who
had "pacified" them, he means "divided up
among."] Rizal pointed out that the natives have
been nothing but hostile to the strong force
brought by the Spaniards since then, and that
there had already been a feud between them as
mentioned in one of his annotations. The term "en
trust," like "pacify," evolved to acquire an iroquois
connotation later on. The word "en trust," like
"pacify," evolved to acquire a sarcastic
connotation later on.]
He was opposed to Morga's idea since he
generalized nearly everything the Spaniards had
done to the land.
3. He took special notice of material in the book
on how Spaniards colonized neighboring islands
and established relationships with the locals.
[It is not true that the Filipinos were defenseless
prior to the arrival of the Spaniards. Morga himself
claims, later in his account of pirate assaults from
the south, that the islands possessed guns and
could defend themselves prior to the Spanish
occupation. However, when the indigenous were
disarmed, pirates pillaged them with impunity,
taking advantage of the fact that they were
unprotected by the government at the time, which
was the cause of many of the insurgencies.

23. Let’s Check 2.7 (pg.81)
Now that you know why Dr. Jose Rizal annotated the Book of Antonio De Morga’s book. This is the
moment for us to check our understanding and knowledge of the topic. Write C if the Statement is correct,
and X is wrong.
X 1.Dr. Jose Rizal agreed with all the writing of Governor Antonio de Morga about the Philippines; that is
why he annotated the book.
C2. Morga remarked that the Filipinos like to eat foul fish of which is what he said Spaniards are not
accustomed in doing.
C 3. The Tagalogs are wearing tattoos in their bodies of which he called Pintados.
C 4. The native women before the Spanish Conquered the Archipelago, who believe in an afterlife journey
namely Kaluwalhatian.
C 5. The ancient Filipinos had minstrels who had memorized songs telling their genealogies and of the
deeds ascribed to their deities.
X 6. Filipinos are uncivilized and do not its own practices, culture and traditions, according to Morga.
X 7. Before the Spaniards discovered the Philippine Archipelago, the slavery system is already present.
X 8. The arrival of the foreigners on the island is a rare occasion in the Pre-Spanish Era.
X 9. Governador Antonio de Morga disagreed to the annotation of Dr. Jose Rizal.
C10. Filipino natives chanted on voyages in cadence with the rowing, or at festivals, or funerals, or
wherever there happened to have considerable gatherings.

24. Let’s Analyze 2.3 (pg. 82-84)
In the writings of Dr. Antonio de Morga that was annotated by Dr. Jose Rizal relevant facts and ideas were
known from the perspective of the Filipinos. Such as what we learned in the course, knowing relevant
facts is not enough. A more in-depth analysis is also necessary to have a clearer grasp of the stories
(kwento). Likewise, generating meaning (kwenta) from the stories (kwento) is essential in making the
study more personal. I now require you to answer the following items thoroughly.
1.What are the essential points of the book of Gov. Morga where Dr. Jose Rizal used to present the
voice of the Filipino Natives?
[Morga's remark that the Filipinos like fish better when it is beginning to turn bad is another
of those prejudices which Spaniards, like all other nations, have.] In terms of the country's culture, there
was a notable annotation by Rizal stating [Morga's remark that the Filipinos like fish better when it is
beginning to turn bad is another of those prejudices which Spaniards, like all other nations, have. When
it comes to eating, each is sick of what he isn't used to or doesn't know is edible. When they see a Spaniard
eating snails, for example, the English find it repulsive, whereas the Spanish find roast beef English-style
repulsive and can't understand why other Europeans enjoy beefsteak a la Tartar, which to them is simply
raw flesh. The Chinaman, who like shark flesh, cannot stand Roquefort cheese, and the list could go on
endlessly.
The bagong is the Filipinos' favorite fish meal, and anybody who has tasted it knows that it
does not taste better when contaminated. It hasn't deteriorated, and it shouldn't have.] discusses the
cultural distinctions among nations. That every culture is unique in its own way; other nations may not be
enthralled by our strange culture; they may dismiss it as strange, but it is an identity for us. Rizal
maintained the fact that eating bagoong, the Filipinos' favorite food, is not harmful. Learning about
different cultures allows individuals to connect and understand one another. “The Cebuans sketched a
design on the skin before commencing to tattoo,” for example.
The Bisayan technique was the same as the Japanese procedure today]. It is obvious that
Rizal's assumption that the Filipino community had a rich and sensitive culture and art prior to his death
was true. His expressive means of differentiating and conveying the views he had about the nation a long
time ago were there.
2.In our learnings, we discovered that there are many other writers who put into writing the fascinating
history of the Pre-Spanish Era of the Philippines. Hence, what made Dr. Jose Rizal choose to annotate
the book, and is he credible in doing such as a doctor in profession?
Rizal, a fervent student of ancient and contemporary history, believed that the enduring and
uniting power of all great civilizations lay in their collective sense of tradition, which is passed down and
forms the people's cultural past.
Rizal's goal in releasing his annotated version of de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
(Events of the Philippine Islands, originally published in 1609) was to give to the Filipino people their own

25. true culture and identity, not just a pre-Spanish history. He chose the Sucesos because he "considered it
necessary to invoke the testimony of an illustrous Spaniard who governed the destinies of the Philippines
in the beginning of her new era and witnessed the last moments of our ancient nationality," despite
knowing most of the books written about the Philippines.
Clarifications and amplifications of facts, refutations of assertions where appropriate, and
confirmations when examined against other sources were all included in his annotations. Rizal gave the
Filipinos the annotated Sucesos with the sage advice that "to foresee a nation's fate, it is essential to read
the books that speak of her past."
3.In our discussions, we heard the point of view of the Illustrados in the defense on the “Filipinos are
indolent in nature.” In the other hand, there is some truth about Filipinos’ laziness. In comparison with
the story of Juan Tamad one of our stories, how can we relate it to Filipinos’ indolence.
Rizal had in mind the indolence toward farming or agricultural efforts because the early
Philippines' economy was mostly agrarian - there were no industrial, entrepreneurial, or corporate
ventures, and trade was still based on barter agreements.
Jose P. Rizal, for example, openly lamented his countrymen's sloth at the time, while yet
hoping that the youth would be the fatherland's hope. Perhaps the national hero remembered the "Juan
Tamad" tale with amusement. Juan Tamad (Filipino meaning "Lazy John") is a Philippine folklore figure
known for his excessive lethargy. He is generally shown as a youngster, while some interpretations claim
he is a young man. He is supposed to have waited for the matured guavas to fall rather than climbing to
harvest them before bats ravaged them at night. In its own time, the legend of sluggish Juan had fulfilled
its function. It poked fun at certain unsavory Filipino traditions while also highlighting some of the
country's resourcefulness.
Let’s Check 3.1 (pg.93)
Now that we have finished this unit of the module, I’m going to test your knowledge and understanding
with the following activities and exercises to know how deep your comprehension and knowledge in this
ULO-3 Week 7 is
Write a short description of the important characters that can be found in the two novels and spot their
commonalities and differences between the two novels “Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.”
CHARACTER DESCRIPTION/COMPARISON
1 Crisostomo Ibarra
– Noli Me Tangere
Simoun – El
filibusterismo
Unlike Simoun, Ibarra aspired to improve the lives
of his brethren, but he was faced by the Spanish
hierarchy, which included the Spanish civil
government and the town's Ecclesiastical Hierarchy
and was forced to flee.

26. Simoun, on the other hand, portrays himself as a
supporter of the Spaniards upon his return, but in
reality, his purpose in returning the nation is to seek
retribution for the injustice he suffered at the hands
of the Spanish government.
2 Basilio – Noli Me
Tangere and El
Filibusterismo
Basilio is a ten-year-old acolyte entrusted with
ringing the church bells for the Angelus in Noli Me
Tangere. He was terrified of losing his little brother
and seeing his mother's spiral into madness. Elias
requested Basilio to bury him by burning him in
return for a chest of riches on his death site at the
end of the story. After burying his mother, Basilio in
El Filibusterismo traveled to Manila. Capitan Tiago
took him in and he was permitted to travel to San
Juan de Letran. Despite being a diligent student, he
failed to impress his professors, who were offended
by a poor native's efforts to enhance his social
standing. Unlike in Noli Me Tangere, his life now has
meaning, and he is no longer subject to the Priests'
abuses.
3 Juli – Noli Me
Tangere and El
Filibusterismo
Despite the curate's reputation as a womanizer,
she was innocent and pure. Juli, like Maria Clara,
represents the purity and innocence of the ladies of
the lower-class during Rizal's time. She would rather
make a sacrifice than tell us about her views. When
her family got in debt, she opted to become a
servant rather than sell the necklace he had given
her.
4 Kabesang Tales –
Noli Me Tangere
and El
Filibusterismo
Kabesang Tales in Noli Me Tangere is propelled into
the spotlight by circumstances that show the
country's agricultural distress. In El Filibusterismo,
Kabesang Tales desires to create his own farm, but
he has experienced significant losses. His wife and
eldest daughter were the first to perish while
clearing their land. Much of his land was then
confiscated, and he was assessed an exorbitant tax
on what was remained. He was recognized for his
dependability, and he was chosen kabesa, or
barangay leader, which meant he had to often
please higher officials by shouldering the costs of
those who could not pay their taxes.
5 Paulita Gomez –
Noli Me Tangere
and El
Filibusterismo
Paulita Gomez portrays a flippant sense of values in
Noli Me Tangere. She is Doa Victorina's niece and
Isagani's sweetheart, but she marries the more
prosperous Juanito Pelaez. Paulita Gomez, a
gorgeous girl in El Filibusterismo, is admired by all
the pupils. She is a caricature of a woman who

27. choose the greatest path to a more secure future.
She understands what is best for her and will use
her fans to obtain what she desires. She first favors
Isagani, but she is forced to associate with Juanito
Pelaez since her aunt has developed an interest in
the young heir, even considering marrying him if her
fleeing husband is apprehended.
Let’s Check 3.2 (pg. 94)
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the best and nearest answer from the given options in each number. Encircle
the letter of the best answer.
1. What were the reasons why the novels of Rizal were banned?
a. Anti-Catholic b. Anti- Friars c. All of the Above d. None of the Above
2. The book of Dr. Jose Rizal that was published in Ghent.
a. EL FIlibusterismo b. Noli me Tangere c. Mi Ultimo Adios d. Visitacion
3.Which of the following could be found in the novel “El Filibusterismo.
a. This is dedicated to the Martyr Priest GOMBURZA.
b. Simeon
c. Crispin and Basilio
d. dedication for the Motherland
4.It was known as the favorite book of Jose Rizal.
a. The Count of Monte Cristo b. Tale of 2 Cities c. The Court d. The Trial
5. The meaning of Noli Me Tangere is ___
a. Touch Me Not b. No touch c. The Rebel d. Subversive
6. The meaning of El Filibusterismo is __.
a. Touch Me Not b. No touch c. The Rebel d. Subversive
7. The novel Noli Me Tangere is about

28. a. Revenge b. Love c. Dreams d. Society
8. Simoun is a wealthy jeweler who came back to the Philippines after how many years?
a. 7 b. 10 c. 13 d. 20
9. Crisostomo Ibarra was a student abroad who had his homecoming after how many years?
a. 4 b. 5 c. 6 d. 7
10. Pilosopo Tasyo is a character in Noli Me Tangere personified by whom in reality?
a. Jose b. Paciano c. Chengoy d. Bonifacio
Let’s Analyze 3.1 (pg. 95-97)
In writings the novel, Dr. Jose Rizal put into writing the message that he wants to convey to the Filipinos
who are deprived from education and the right of enlightenment and choice. In our present time, we are
privileged enough to have better access to education. Hence one should prove and use his analytical skills
in providing sound answers in the following questions below.
1.What are the distinguishing characteristics of the novels of Dr. Jose Rizal in terms of its message and
theme?
“The pen is mightier than the sword,” according to Dr. José Rizal, the Philippines' well-known
national hero. He expressed strong resistance to the maltreatment of Spaniards and delivered ideas that
he believed would encourage his fellow compatriots via his creative works. We've compiled a list of his
finest works and decoded the meaning behind them.
Noli Me Tángere, Rizal's renowned novel (Touch Me Not). Rizal created the novel to highlight
the faults of Philippine society during the Spanish colonial era, motivated by his everlasting love for his
homeland. The Spaniards forbade the Filipinos from reading the controversial work at the time due to the
novel's depiction of illegal actions. However, they were unable to totally prohibit it, and as more Filipinos
read the book, it revealed the fact that they were being mistreated by the friars. In this ground-breaking
book. El Filibusterismo is a type of filibustering. The novel's moral is clear: Spain's current method of
managing the Philippines through corrupt and self-seeking bureaucrats, ruled by the friars and obedient
to their interests in some way, can only end in tragedy.
2.What is the distinguishing characteristic of the main characters of the novels of Dr. Jose Rizal? How
do they differ, and what are some of its similar features?
In Rizal's second book, El Filibusterismo, the narrative of Crisostomo Ibarra is detailed,
including how he interacted with Spanish officials and how he planned his vengeance. The tale picks up
13 years after the events of Noli Me Tángere, with rebel Crisostomo Ibarra now posing as Simoun, a rich

29. jewelry magnate. Unlike Simoun, Ibarra aspired to improve the lives of his brethren, but he was faced by
the Spanish hierarchy, which included the Spanish civil government and the town's Ecclesiastical
Hierarchy, and was forced to flee.
Simoun, on the other hand, portrays himself as a supporter of the Spaniards upon his return, when in
fact, his mission in returning the country is to exact revenge for the injustice he suffered at the hands of
the Spanish government. Basilio is a ten-year-old son who is an acolyte tasked with ringing the church
bells for the Angelus in Noli Me Tangere. He was terrified of losing his little brother and seeing his mother's
spiral into madness. Elias requested Basilio to bury him by burning him in return for a chest of riches on
his death site at the end of the story. After burying his mother, Basilio in El Filibusterismo traveled to
Manila. Capitan Tiago took him in and he was permitted to travel to San Juan de Letran. Despite being a
diligent student, he failed to impress his professors, who were offended by a poor native's efforts to
enhance his social standing. Unlike in Noli Me Tangere, his life now has meaning and he is no longer
subject to the Priests' abuses. Juli is Tano's sister and Basilio's favorite in Noli Me Tange. She is a kind and
industrious woman who is willing to put her dignity and life on the line for her family. Juli is Kabesang
Tales' daughter in El Filibusterismo. When her family got in debt, she opted to become a servant rather
than sell the necklace he had given her. Although she was young and naive, she was well aware of the
curate's reputation as a womanizer. Juli, like Maria Clara, represents the purity and innocence of Rizal's
time's lower-class ladies. She would sooner die than give up her principles for us.
Kabesang Tales in Noli Me Tangere is thrown into disarray by events that show the country's agricultural
distress. In El Filibusterismo, Kabesang Tales desires to create his own farm, but he has experienced
significant losses. His wife and eldest daughter died first, while they were clearing their farm. The majority
of his land was then confiscated, and he was assessed an exorbitant tax on what was remained. He was
recognized for his dependability, and he was chosen kabesa, or barangay chief, which meant he had to
often please higher officials by shouldering the costs of people who couldn't pay their taxes. Paulita
Gomez portrays a flippant sense of values in Noli Me Tangere. She is Doa Victorina's niece and Isagani's
sweetheart, but she marries the more prosperous Juanito Pelaez. Paulita Gomez, a gorgeous girl in El
Filibusterismo, is admired by all of the pupils. She's a caricature of a woman who choose the greatest path
to a more secure future. She understands what is best for her and will use her fans to obtain what she
desires. She prefers Isagani at first, but she is forced to associate with Juanito Pelaez since her aunt has
developed an interest in the young heir, even considering marrying him if her fugitive husband is
discovered dead.
3.The provocative act of dedicating a book to convicts is dangerous that consequently became one of
the grounds for Dr. Jose Rizal to be persecuted by the Spaniards, thus causes his death. From your point
of view, is it an intelligent act to do? Why?
Unfortunately, I am a Filipino, and Rizal died fighting for us, so I should take the side of the Filipino. As a
Filipino and a student, it is not really an intelligent act to do. To kill someone who just portrayed the truth
about the conquerors was grievous to me. It is an act of cowardness. It is an act of being immoral in the
sense of making Filipinos as a slave and dominating our country little by little. They can call us lazy or
stupid, or whatever, but I cannot accept the fact that they humiliated us in our own country. They can
visit us, they can deal with us but not with that money and guns because Filipinos are eager to fight, and
we are willing to die, so what’s with them? Shame on them.

30. IN A NUTSHELL (pg. 98)
Based on the knowledge that you have acquired and the learning exercises that you have done, please
feel free to write your arguments or lessons learned below. I have indicated my arguments or lessons
learned.
1.The main character of the novels of Jose Rizal were reflections of his inner self fighting and being torn
between two choices between love and duty.
2.The Novels of Dr. Jose Rizal calls for liberty and freedom. But in the present situation I do wish that we
will be free from the slavery of ignorance and technological enslavement.
Your Turn
3. The responsibility for pursuing justice should be placed in the hands of the authorities, not the person
seeking it.
4. The educational theme of the novel Noli me Tangere is still relevant today: encourage nationalism and
accept change in ourselves. Apart from the difficulties he had merely to publish this work, Noli me tangere
or do not touch me... was Rizal's most contentious novel. So, I believe the lessons we can draw from it are
to learn how to fight in a peaceful manner, and that fighting does not require a bolo, a sumpit, or lantakas,
but rather your pen and intelligence. I'd rather have El Filibusterismo than Noli Me Tangere. El
Filibusterismo demonstrated how rage and revenge can consume a person's entire being. The dialogue
between Ibarra and Father Florentino also makes me extremely happy