Rimsha Shafiq
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This document discusses the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It explains that HIV attacks and damages the immune system by destroying CD4 cells. If untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS, which makes a person vulnerable to opportunistic infections. The document outlines the stages of HIV from initial infection through AIDS, and describes how HIV is transmitted via bodily fluids and precautions that can be taken to prevent transmission.
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HIV CLASS-22 BATCH.ppt
The document summarizes key information about HIV and AIDS, including:
- HIV infects and replicates within CD4 immune cells, weakening the immune system and potentially causing AIDS.
- HIV progresses through three main phases: asymptomatic, symptomatic, and AIDS. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be tested for through antibody and viral load tests.
- While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, treatment involves antiretroviral drugs that target different stages of the HIV lifecycle to suppress viral replication and slow disease progression.
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This presentation provides an overview of HIV and AIDS, including:
1. Definitions of HIV as the virus that causes AIDS and weakens the immune system, and AIDS as the final stage of HIV infection.
2. HIV-1 is the most common type worldwide and generally causes AIDS faster than HIV-2, which is mostly found in West Africa.
3. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be spread through unprotected sex, blood contact, or from mother to child during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Proper precautions can prevent transmission.
Hiv infection
The document provides an overview of HIV and AIDS, including:
- HIV is a virus that weakens the immune system and can lead to AIDS if untreated. There are two types, HIV-1 being more prevalent.
- It is typically transmitted sexually, through blood/needles, or mother-to-child. Diagnosis involves antibody tests like ELISA and confirmation with Western Blot.
- If left untreated, it can take 10-15 years for HIV to develop into AIDS. Antiretroviral treatment can slow disease progression. Current global statistics and highest prevalence areas are mentioned.
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The document provides information on HIV/AIDS, including:
- HIV is a retrovirus that infects CD4+ T cells and macrophages, progressively destroying the immune system.
- The virus enters cells using envelope glycoproteins, and its RNA is converted to DNA by reverse transcriptase. The DNA integrates into the host cell's genome.
- As the virus replicates and destroys immune cells, it can eventually cause AIDS, characterized by opportunistic infections. Current antiretroviral treatment aims to suppress viral replication and boost the immune system.
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HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. It was discovered in the 1980s and has since caused a global pandemic. HIV targets and destroys CD4+ T cells in the immune system, leaving infected individuals vulnerable to opportunistic infections and diseases. The virus has a high mutation rate that allows it to evade the immune system and antiretroviral drugs. Current antiretroviral treatment can suppress HIV but not cure it. The only known cure so far involved a bone marrow transplant from a donor with an HIV resistance gene. Researchers continue working to develop an effective HIV vaccine.
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This document discusses immunological disorders such as HIV/AIDS and hypersensitivity disorders. It begins with an introduction to the immune system and immunopathology. It then discusses immunodeficiency disorders, distinguishing between primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. The document goes on to describe HIV/AIDS in detail, including what HIV is, how it progresses to AIDS, its life cycle and transmission. It also discusses the risks, stages and clinical manifestations of HIV/AIDS as well as its medical, nursing and preventative management. Finally, it provides an overview of hypersensitivity disorders and their diagnostic tests and treatments.
Pathogenesis of HIV Disease.ppt
HIV attacks the immune system by targeting and destroying CD4 cells. This leaves the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections over time. There are three stages of HIV infection: 1) Primary infection where viral levels peak as the immune system responds; 2) Clinical latency where the virus is controlled but active; 3) AIDS where immune function is lost and death will occur without treatment. A person's viral set point after primary infection predicts their rate of disease progression.
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HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and can be transmitted through sexual contact, blood transmission, or from mother to child. There are two types of HIV, HIV-1 being more prevalent. HIV progresses to AIDS by weakening the immune system over time. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) aims to prevent HIV transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding through testing, treatment, and replacement feeding. Antiretroviral therapy can suppress HIV and slow disease progression.
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HIV CLASS-22 BATCH.ppt
The document summarizes key information about HIV and AIDS, including:
- HIV infects and replicates within CD4 immune cells, weakening the immune system and potentially causing AIDS.
- HIV progresses through three main phases: asymptomatic, symptomatic, and AIDS. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be tested for through antibody and viral load tests.
- While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, treatment involves antiretroviral drugs that target different stages of the HIV lifecycle to suppress viral replication and slow disease progression.
Hiv infection
This presentation provides an overview of HIV and AIDS, including:
1. Definitions of HIV as the virus that causes AIDS and weakens the immune system, and AIDS as the final stage of HIV infection.
2. HIV-1 is the most common type worldwide and generally causes AIDS faster than HIV-2, which is mostly found in West Africa.
3. HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be spread through unprotected sex, blood contact, or from mother to child during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Proper precautions can prevent transmission.
Hiv infection
The document provides an overview of HIV and AIDS, including:
- HIV is a virus that weakens the immune system and can lead to AIDS if untreated. There are two types, HIV-1 being more prevalent.
- It is typically transmitted sexually, through blood/needles, or mother-to-child. Diagnosis involves antibody tests like ELISA and confirmation with Western Blot.
- If left untreated, it can take 10-15 years for HIV to develop into AIDS. Antiretroviral treatment can slow disease progression. Current global statistics and highest prevalence areas are mentioned.
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The document provides information on HIV/AIDS, including:
- HIV is a retrovirus that infects CD4+ T cells and macrophages, progressively destroying the immune system.
- The virus enters cells using envelope glycoproteins, and its RNA is converted to DNA by reverse transcriptase. The DNA integrates into the host cell's genome.
- As the virus replicates and destroys immune cells, it can eventually cause AIDS, characterized by opportunistic infections. Current antiretroviral treatment aims to suppress viral replication and boost the immune system.
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HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. It was discovered in the 1980s and has since caused a global pandemic. HIV targets and destroys CD4+ T cells in the immune system, leaving infected individuals vulnerable to opportunistic infections and diseases. The virus has a high mutation rate that allows it to evade the immune system and antiretroviral drugs. Current antiretroviral treatment can suppress HIV but not cure it. The only known cure so far involved a bone marrow transplant from a donor with an HIV resistance gene. Researchers continue working to develop an effective HIV vaccine.
immunological disorders.pptx
This document discusses immunological disorders such as HIV/AIDS and hypersensitivity disorders. It begins with an introduction to the immune system and immunopathology. It then discusses immunodeficiency disorders, distinguishing between primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. The document goes on to describe HIV/AIDS in detail, including what HIV is, how it progresses to AIDS, its life cycle and transmission. It also discusses the risks, stages and clinical manifestations of HIV/AIDS as well as its medical, nursing and preventative management. Finally, it provides an overview of hypersensitivity disorders and their diagnostic tests and treatments.
Pathogenesis of HIV Disease.ppt
HIV attacks the immune system by targeting and destroying CD4 cells. This leaves the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections over time. There are three stages of HIV infection: 1) Primary infection where viral levels peak as the immune system responds; 2) Clinical latency where the virus is controlled but active; 3) AIDS where immune function is lost and death will occur without treatment. A person's viral set point after primary infection predicts their rate of disease progression.
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HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and can be transmitted through sexual contact, blood transmission, or from mother to child. There are two types of HIV, HIV-1 being more prevalent. HIV progresses to AIDS by weakening the immune system over time. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) aims to prevent HIV transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding through testing, treatment, and replacement feeding. Antiretroviral therapy can suppress HIV and slow disease progression.
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which weakens a person's immune system. HIV infects and damages CD4 cells (T cells), leaving an infected person vulnerable to opportunistic infections and malignancies. Over time, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that it prevents the immune system from protecting the body. No cure currently exists for AIDS.
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This document discusses HIV/AIDS, including:
- HIV infects and replicates in human lymphocytes and macrophages, weakening the immune system over years until immune deficiency and opportunistic infections develop.
- Globally in 2018, there were 37.9 million people living with HIV, with 1.7 million newly infected. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 70% of cases.
- HIV is transmitted via blood, sexual contact, or vertically from mother to child. It progresses from asymptomatic infection to AIDS over 10-15 years on average.
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HIV attacks and weakens the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells. This leaves the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and diseases. AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection where the CD4+ cell count drops below 200, resulting in life-threatening illnesses. There are two types of HIV - HIV-1 is the predominant global type while HIV-2 is less common and concentrated in West Africa. Both can be transmitted sexually, through blood exposure, and from mother to child, ultimately causing AIDS if left untreated.
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The document defines HIV and AIDS, describes how HIV causes AIDS by infecting and killing CD4 cells which weakens the immune system, and outlines the various stages of HIV disease progression from primary infection to AIDS. It explains that AIDS is the last stage where the immune system is severely damaged, making the body prone to opportunistic infections. The stages include primary infection, window period, asymptomatic chronic infection, symptomatic HIV infection, and advanced HIV/AIDS. It also discusses opportunistic infections and how they develop due to a weak immune system from HIV attack.
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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which impairs the immune system. HIV specifically targets CD4+ T cells (helper T cells). The virus can be transmitted through bodily fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluids. The natural course of HIV infection progresses from primary infection with flu-like symptoms, to asymptomatic latency period that can last 10 years, to symptomatic stage as the immune system deteriorates, and finally AIDS when opportunistic infections take hold. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral treatment can control the virus and prevent transmission.
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This document provides information about HIV and AIDS. It discusses that HIV attacks and damages CD4 cells of the immune system, eventually leading to AIDS if not treated. Some key points covered include:
- HIV is a retrovirus that can only infect humans. It progressively destroys the immune system if not treated.
- AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection where the immune system is severely damaged, leaving the body open to opportunistic infections.
- HIV is transmitted via blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding.
- While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral treatment can control the virus and
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- AIDS is an acquired immunodeficiency caused by the HIV virus which affects T lymphocytes. It results in opportunistic infections and tumors due to a reduced helper T cell population. HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, blood exposure, and mother-to-child transmission.
- Laboratory diagnosis is by detecting antibodies through ELISA or detecting the virus directly through PCR, antigen detection, or viral culture. Treatment involves antiretroviral therapy using different classes of drugs targeting viral enzymes and entry.
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HIV/AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which attacks CD4+ cells in the immune system. There are two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is further divided into groups M, N, O, and P. HIV infects and destroys CD4+ T cells leading to immunosuppression and increased risk of opportunistic infections. HIV progresses from primary infection to clinical latency to early signs of infection like candidiasis and lymphadenopathy to late stage AIDS with life threatening infections when CD4+ counts fall below 200 cells/mm3. HIV is transmitted through unprotected sex, contaminated blood or needles, mother-to-child transmission, and other bodily
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This document provides information about HIV infections and AIDS. It begins by describing HIV and AIDS, noting it was first recognized in 1981 and is caused by the HIV virus. It then discusses epidemiology, stating that as of 2000 there were an estimated 36 million people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide and 4 million in India. The document goes on to describe the normal immune system, how HIV works including its lifecycle, and the stages of HIV infection from primary infection through disease progression. It also covers transmission methods, high risk groups, viral structure, diagnosis, oral manifestations, and prevention.
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This document summarizes key information about HIV/AIDS, including:
- HIV was discovered in 1983-1984 and is the cause of AIDS. It infects and destroys CD4 cells.
- HIV has three main genes - gag, pol, and env. Gag codes for core proteins, pol codes for enzymes, and env codes for envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41.
- HIV attaches to host cells via gp120 binding to CD4 receptors, then fuses and enters the cell. It replicates by converting RNA to DNA via reverse transcriptase.
- As CD4 cells decline due to infection, opportunistic infections can occur, eventually leading to AIDS if untreated. Common
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The document discusses HIV and AIDS. It provides information on:
- The structure and life cycle of HIV.
- How HIV infects and destroys CD4+ T cells, leading to immunosuppression and susceptibility to opportunistic infections.
- The typical stages of untreated HIV infection from acute infection to AIDS, defined as a CD4 count below 200 or an AIDS-defining condition.
- Common opportunistic infections and cancers seen in AIDS patients due to severe immune deficiency.
Pathogenisis of aids
1) HIV is a retrovirus that causes AIDS by depleting CD4 T cells, weakening the immune system.
2) HIV enters host cells via CD4 and CCR5/CXCR4 receptors, integrating its genetic material which is then transcribed and new virions are assembled and released, infecting other cells.
3) As CD4 cells are gradually depleted, the immune system weakens over time, allowing opportunistic infections and cancers to develop, eventually leading to AIDS if untreated.
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HIV is a retrovirus that infects CD4+ T cells and causes AIDS by destroying the immune system. It enters the body through sexual contact, blood transmission, or during birth. Once inside it spreads to lymphoid tissues where it replicates within T cells and macrophages. This causes cell dysfunction and death, damaging the immune system over time. Despite an immune response, HIV evolves rapidly and establishes reservoirs that allow lifelong persistence. Without treatment, this progressive immune destruction ultimately results in AIDS.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and attacks CD4+ T cells of the immune system. The disease progresses through three stages as the number of CD4+ cells declines, resulting in opportunistic infections. Diagnosis involves antibody and viral load tests, while treatment is with antiretroviral drugs. Prevention strategies focus on safe sex practices, needle safety, and screening of pregnant women to prevent mother-to-child transmission.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and attacks CD4+ T cells of the immune system. The disease progresses through three stages as the number of CD4+ cells declines, resulting in opportunistic infections. Diagnosis involves antibody and viral load tests, while treatment is with antiretroviral drugs. Prevention strategies focus on safe sex practices, needle safety, and screening of pregnant women to prevent mother-to-child transmission.
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HIV causes AIDS by destroying CD4+ T cells, leaving the immune system vulnerable to opportunistic infections. It is a retrovirus that enters cells via CD4 and a coreceptor. It inserts its genetic material into the host cell DNA. New virus particles are assembled and exit to infect other cells. Highly active antiretroviral therapy can slow the virus but has limitations like side effects, cost and drug resistance. HIV originated from cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses infecting chimpanzees and mangabeys.
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Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which weakens a person's immune system. HIV infects and damages CD4 cells (T cells), leaving an infected person vulnerable to opportunistic infections and malignancies. Over time, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that it prevents the immune system from protecting the body. No cure currently exists for AIDS.
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This document discusses HIV/AIDS, including:
- HIV infects and replicates in human lymphocytes and macrophages, weakening the immune system over years until immune deficiency and opportunistic infections develop.
- Globally in 2018, there were 37.9 million people living with HIV, with 1.7 million newly infected. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 70% of cases.
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HIV attacks and weakens the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells. This leaves the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and diseases. AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection where the CD4+ cell count drops below 200, resulting in life-threatening illnesses. There are two types of HIV - HIV-1 is the predominant global type while HIV-2 is less common and concentrated in West Africa. Both can be transmitted sexually, through blood exposure, and from mother to child, ultimately causing AIDS if left untreated.
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The document defines HIV and AIDS, describes how HIV causes AIDS by infecting and killing CD4 cells which weakens the immune system, and outlines the various stages of HIV disease progression from primary infection to AIDS. It explains that AIDS is the last stage where the immune system is severely damaged, making the body prone to opportunistic infections. The stages include primary infection, window period, asymptomatic chronic infection, symptomatic HIV infection, and advanced HIV/AIDS. It also discusses opportunistic infections and how they develop due to a weak immune system from HIV attack.
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This document discusses HIV, AIDS, and hepatitis, their significance in oral and maxillofacial surgery, transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It begins by defining HIV and AIDS, describing how HIV compromises the immune system and causes AIDS. It then covers the structure and life cycle of HIV, how it enters host cells, and the pathogenesis of HIV infection. The document discusses clinical features of HIV/AIDS including opportunistic infections, oral manifestations, and laboratory diagnosis methods. It outlines treatment using antiretroviral drugs and management of opportunistic infections, as well as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). The classification, prevention, and infection control related to hepatitis is also covered.
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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which impairs the immune system. HIV specifically targets CD4+ T cells (helper T cells). The virus can be transmitted through bodily fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluids. The natural course of HIV infection progresses from primary infection with flu-like symptoms, to asymptomatic latency period that can last 10 years, to symptomatic stage as the immune system deteriorates, and finally AIDS when opportunistic infections take hold. While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral treatment can control the virus and prevent transmission.
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This document provides information about HIV and AIDS. It discusses that HIV attacks and damages CD4 cells of the immune system, eventually leading to AIDS if not treated. Some key points covered include:
- HIV is a retrovirus that can only infect humans. It progressively destroys the immune system if not treated.
- AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection where the immune system is severely damaged, leaving the body open to opportunistic infections.
- HIV is transmitted via blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding.
- While there is no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral treatment can control the virus and
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- AIDS is an acquired immunodeficiency caused by the HIV virus which affects T lymphocytes. It results in opportunistic infections and tumors due to a reduced helper T cell population. HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, blood exposure, and mother-to-child transmission.
- Laboratory diagnosis is by detecting antibodies through ELISA or detecting the virus directly through PCR, antigen detection, or viral culture. Treatment involves antiretroviral therapy using different classes of drugs targeting viral enzymes and entry.
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This document provides information about HIV infections and AIDS. It begins by describing HIV and AIDS, noting it was first recognized in 1981 and is caused by the HIV virus. It then discusses epidemiology, stating that as of 2000 there were an estimated 36 million people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide and 4 million in India. The document goes on to describe the normal immune system, how HIV works including its lifecycle, and the stages of HIV infection from primary infection through disease progression. It also covers transmission methods, high risk groups, viral structure, diagnosis, oral manifestations, and prevention.
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This document summarizes key information about HIV/AIDS, including:
- HIV was discovered in 1983-1984 and is the cause of AIDS. It infects and destroys CD4 cells.
- HIV has three main genes - gag, pol, and env. Gag codes for core proteins, pol codes for enzymes, and env codes for envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41.
- HIV attaches to host cells via gp120 binding to CD4 receptors, then fuses and enters the cell. It replicates by converting RNA to DNA via reverse transcriptase.
- As CD4 cells decline due to infection, opportunistic infections can occur, eventually leading to AIDS if untreated. Common
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The document discusses HIV and AIDS. It provides information on:
- The structure and life cycle of HIV.
- How HIV infects and destroys CD4+ T cells, leading to immunosuppression and susceptibility to opportunistic infections.
- The typical stages of untreated HIV infection from acute infection to AIDS, defined as a CD4 count below 200 or an AIDS-defining condition.
- Common opportunistic infections and cancers seen in AIDS patients due to severe immune deficiency.
Pathogenisis of aids
1) HIV is a retrovirus that causes AIDS by depleting CD4 T cells, weakening the immune system.
2) HIV enters host cells via CD4 and CCR5/CXCR4 receptors, integrating its genetic material which is then transcribed and new virions are assembled and released, infecting other cells.
3) As CD4 cells are gradually depleted, the immune system weakens over time, allowing opportunistic infections and cancers to develop, eventually leading to AIDS if untreated.
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HIV is a retrovirus that infects CD4+ T cells and causes AIDS by destroying the immune system. It enters the body through sexual contact, blood transmission, or during birth. Once inside it spreads to lymphoid tissues where it replicates within T cells and macrophages. This causes cell dysfunction and death, damaging the immune system over time. Despite an immune response, HIV evolves rapidly and establishes reservoirs that allow lifelong persistence. Without treatment, this progressive immune destruction ultimately results in AIDS.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and attacks CD4+ T cells of the immune system. The disease progresses through three stages as the number of CD4+ cells declines, resulting in opportunistic infections. Diagnosis involves antibody and viral load tests, while treatment is with antiretroviral drugs. Prevention strategies focus on safe sex practices, needle safety, and screening of pregnant women to prevent mother-to-child transmission.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDS. It is transmitted through bodily fluids and attacks CD4+ T cells of the immune system. The disease progresses through three stages as the number of CD4+ cells declines, resulting in opportunistic infections. Diagnosis involves antibody and viral load tests, while treatment is with antiretroviral drugs. Prevention strategies focus on safe sex practices, needle safety, and screening of pregnant women to prevent mother-to-child transmission.
AIDs.pptx
HIV/AIDS is caused by the HIV virus which weakens the immune system by destroying CD4 cells. If untreated it can progress to AIDS, defined by a CD4 count below 200 or opportunistic infections. HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, blood transfusions, needle sharing, and from mother to child. While there is no cure, antiretroviral treatment can control the virus and prevent progression to AIDS if taken as prescribed. Monitoring involves regular testing of CD4 count and viral load to determine treatment effectiveness.
AIDS
HIV causes AIDS by destroying CD4+ T cells, leaving the immune system vulnerable to opportunistic infections. It is a retrovirus that enters cells via CD4 and a coreceptor. It inserts its genetic material into the host cell DNA. New virus particles are assembled and exit to infect other cells. Highly active antiretroviral therapy can slow the virus but has limitations like side effects, cost and drug resistance. HIV originated from cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses infecting chimpanzees and mangabeys.
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- 3. Neutrophils attack bacteria B-lymphocytes make antibodies T-lymphocytes ◦ Responsible for coordinating the immune system’s attack on viruses, fungi and some bacteria 3 WBC are the most important part of the immune system
- 4. 4 Important components of the immune system Lymphocytes T4-lymphocytes B lymphocytes Antibodies CD4 type* CD8type HIV uses CD4 cells for replication
- 5. 5
- 6. Human: ◦ Can live only in humans Immunodeficienc y: ◦ Damages the immune system of people it infects Virus: ◦ Retrovirus (RNA) 6 Transmembrane Glycoprotein– gp41 EnvelopeGlycoprotein gp 120 Viralgenome RNA NucleoidCoreprotein p 24 Reverse Transcriptase
- 7. Acquired (not born with) Immune (body’s defense system) Deficiency (not working properly) Syndrome (a group of signs and symptoms) 7 Transmitted from person to person ◦ It affects the body’s immune system the part of the body which usually works to fight off germs such as bacteria and viruses ◦ Malfunctioning of the body’s immune system ◦ Someone with AIDS may experience a wide range of different diseases and OIs
- 9. 9 HIV is a virus and AIDS is a disease HIV develops into AIDS AIDS is deficiency in the body’s defense mechanism or immune system AIDS is acquired, not hereditary
- 10. History of AIDS 1959 Scientists isolate what is believed to be the earliest known case of AIDS. The discovery suggests that the multitude of global AIDS viruses all shared a common African ancestor within the past 40 to 50 years. 1978 Gay men in the US and Sweden -- and heterosexuals in Tanzania and Haiti begin showing signs of what will later be called AIDS. 1972 The term AIDS ("acquired immune deficiency syndrome") is used for the first time on July27th. 1985 The FDA (US) approves the first HIV antibody test. Blood products begin to be tested in the US and Japan. The first International Conference on AIDS is held in Atlanta (US).
- 11. 6month to 6year
- 12. Weight Loss Frequent Fever and sweating Persistence skin rashes & flaky skin
- 13. Severe & persistence Diarrhea Vision loss Nausea Vomiting Abdominal cramps
- 15. HIV 1. Attachment to host CD4 cell 2. Reverse transcriptase makes DNA from the virus’s RNA 3. Integration into host cell’s nucleus 5. Assembly of new HIV viruses 6. Release 4. Reproduction of viral components
- 16. Viral replication (8-10 years) CD4 cell death Further impairment of immune system Increased likelihood of opportunistic infections (OIs) AIDS
- 18. Four Stages of HIV
- 19. Stage 1 -Primary Short, flu-like illness - occurs one to six weeks after infection no symptoms at all Infected person can infect otherpeople
- 20. Stage 2 -Asymptomatic Lasts for an average of ten years This stage is free from symptoms There may be swollenglands The level of HIV in the blood drops to very low levels HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood
- 21. Stage 3 -Symptomatic The symptoms are mild The immune system deteriorates emergence of opportunistic infections and cancers
- 22. Stage 4 -HIV AIDS The immune system weakens The illnesses become more severe leading to an AIDS diagnosis
- 23. • Vaginal fluids • Semen • Breast milk • HIV enters the bloodstream through: • Cuts • Mucous membranes • Direct injection
- 25. Sharing Needles Unsterilized blades & razor Through Sex:-(Unprotected Intercourse) Eg, Oral & Anal sex
- 26. Hugging Contact with sweat, tears, urine or faeces Bathing/Swimming in the same pool Sharing cooking utensils, cups, toilet seats, bedding, telephones or towels Eating food prepared by an infected person
- 27. PREVENTION Avoid multiple partners –use Condoms. Use sterile needles each time forinjection Never share needles Avoid unnecessary blood transfusions All pregnant women should be tested for HIV
- 28. Prevention Use standard work precautions –hand hygiene, personal protective gear. Proper disposal of biomedical waste. Immunization against HBV Education