The document discusses the right to education in Islam. It states that in Islam, seeking knowledge is obligatory for Muslims and that the provision of education is the responsibility of both society and the state. It notes that during the Islamic golden age, education and scholarship flourished while Europe was intellectually stagnant. It discusses how colonialism disrupted Islamic education systems and secularized them. The document emphasizes that Islam promotes equality and prohibits discrimination, including in access to education, which is a right for all people. It also explores obligations on states to establish educational institutions and infrastructure to ensure this fundamental right.

1. RIGHT TO
EDUCATION
IN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
By Mohd Fadzli Rohami

2. SCOPE
● Introduction
● Education is Part of Muslim Life
● Right to Access Education
● Obligation of State to Provide
Education
● Equality Gender in Islam
● Conclusion

3. Quotes On The Power Of Human Rights
Education
"Education is the most powerful
weapon which you can use to change
the world.“
Nelson Mandela

4. The First World Conference on Muslim Education in
Makkah in 1977, education should aim at the balanced
growth of the total personality of man through the
training of man’s spirit, intellect, his rational self,
feelings, and bodily senses. Education should cater
therefore for the growth of man in all aspects: spiritual,
intellectual, imaginative, physical, scientific, linguistic,
both individually and collectively and motivate all
aspects towards goodness and the attainment of
perfection. The ultimate aim of Muslim education lies in
the realization of complete submission to Allah on the
level of the individual, the community and humanity at
large
Introduction

5. Education as a fundamental human right lies at the
heart of UNESCO’s mission and is enshrined in the
1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
and many other International Human Rights
Instruments. As well as, in the Article 26 of the United
Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights states
that everyone has the right to free, compulsory
elementary education, with higher levels of education
available to all without discrimination, though higher
education may be merit-based
Introduction

6. The Article 13 of the International Covenant on
Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights emphasizes
that the ratifying states of the Covenant recognize
the right of everyone to education and call on all
parties to abide by the obligations and aims echoed in
Article 26 of the UN Declaration of Human Rights (UN
1948 and UNHCR 1966).
Introduction

7. According UNESCO, education
in itself is an empowering right
and one of the most powerful
tools by which economically and
socially marginalized children
and adults can lift themselves
out of poverty and participate
fully in society

8. The Importance Of Education In Islam
First verse of the Qur'an revealed to the Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬,
indicates the importance of education in Islam
"Read! In the Name of your Lord who has created (all that exists). He has created man from a clot (a piece of
thick coagulated blood). Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous. Who has taught (the writing) by the
pen. He has taught man that which he knew not. "
(Surah Al Alaq Verse 1-5)
word "Iqr'a," which is an Arabic
command that means "read," and
it implies the concepts of
"learning," "exploring," and
"seeking enlightenment."

9. Education is Part of Muslim Life
Back to histories, when Western Europe was intellectually backward
and stagnant during the Islamic empire's golden age (usually defined
as the tenth to thirteenth centuries), Islamic scholarship flourished
with an impressive openness to the rational knowledge and education.
During this time, the Islamic world made the majority of its
contributions to science, art and literature.
The Islamic world appeared unable to respond culturally or educationally to the onslaught of
Western progress by the eighteenth century. One of the most damaging aspects of European
colonialism was the secularization of indigenous cultural
Early modernizers underestimated the extent to which secularized education fundamentally
contradicted Islamic thought and traditional lifestyle
Religious education was to be segregated and individual, with no place in public schools.
If Muslim students desired religious education, they could supplement their current education
with moral instruction in traditional religious schools. As a result, the two distinct educational
systems evolved independently, with little or no formal interface

10. Education is Part of Muslim Life
Panjwani (2004) state that 'Islam and education' is a subset of the trend
of linking the concept of Islam to other social, political, and
intellectual concepts. In this sense, the discourse is part of a widely
supported call for the Islamization of various aspects of society,
including economics, knowledge and science, politics, and so on.
The goal of Islamic education is to better prepare Muslims to live peacefully in this world and
reap the eternal benefits (hereafter)
Education in Islam is divided into two parts which is acquiring intellectual knowledge (the
application of reason and logic) and developing spiritual knowledge (derived from divine
revelation and spiritual experience).
The importance of education has been emphasized repeatedly in the Qur’an, which is the
ultimate source of guidance for Muslims. Surah Taha Verse 20 says,
"My Lord! Increase me in knowledge."

11. Education is Part of Muslim Life
in Sahih Muslim Book 12 Hadith 4005 Abu Hurairah state that "When
a man dies, his acts come to an end, but three, recurring charity, or
knowledge (by which people) benefit, or a pious son, who prays for
him (the deceased)
The importance of education is explicit in the Qur'an and hadith is seeking education is
obligatory, and knowledge is regarded as the path to greater closeness to Allah.
The Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬
, made a statement with one of the Prophet's most commonly
mentioned, "The seeking of knowledge is obligatory for every Muslim."- Al-Tirmidhi, 74
"Inquire knowledge and impart it to the people."- Al-Tirmidhi, 107
This Hadith has encouraged many people who felt that the command to learn was insufficient.
The additional command to pass on their knowledge to others has given them a sense of
purpose in their learning.

12. Education is Part of Muslim Life
Back to histories, when Western Europe was intellectually backward
and stagnant during the Islamic empire's golden age (usually defined
as the tenth to thirteenth centuries), Islamic scholarship flourished
with an impressive openness to the rational knowledge and education.
During this time, the Islamic world made the majority of its
contributions to science, art and literature.
The Islamic world appeared unable to respond culturally or educationally to the onslaught of
Western progress by the eighteenth century. One of the most damaging aspects of European
colonialism was the secularization of indigenous cultural
Early modernizers underestimated the extent to which secularized education fundamentally
contradicted Islamic thought and traditional lifestyle
Religious education was to be segregated and individual, with no place in public schools.
If Muslim students desired religious education, they could supplement their current education
with moral instruction in traditional religious schools. As a result, the two distinct educational
systems evolved independently, with little or no formal interface

13. RIGHT TO ACCESS TO EDUCATION
Two main factors may impact to access education which is the
cost of education and the elimination of discrimination.
The Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬, did not only preach about importance of knowledge, he also gave
examples of promoting knowledge. In the very first battle between the Muslims and unbelievers
or Mecca, known as the war of Badr, the Muslims gain victory and caught seventy kuffars as
prisoners of war. One of the criteria of releasing the Prisoner Of War (POW) devised by the
Prophet was that those who were literate among the prisoners could go free if they teach ten
Muslim children how to read and write
“O humankind! We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female, and made you into
nations and tribes, that you may know each other. Verily the most honoured of you in the sight
of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you …” (Surah Al Hujurat Verse 13 in part)
This hadiths is state about no nation is created to be superior to or rise above other nations.
Man's worth in the eyes of men and Allah is determined by his good deeds and his obedience to
Allah. Differences in race, colour, or social class are merely coincidental. They have no bearing on
man's true standing in the eyes of Allah. Again, the value of equality is more than just a matter
of constitutional rights, noblemen's agreement, or condescending charity.

14. RIGHT TO ACCESS TO EDUCATION
Islam clearly prohibit discrimination and prejudice not just in
education but entire life among the Muslim and community
including with Non-Muslims. Thus an education is the rights for
all humankind and in Islam is an obligatory of all Muslim either
man or women as state in "Seeking of knowledge is a duty of
every Muslim", place, "Seek knowledge even if it is far as China."
Time, "Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave." and also
source as state "Wisdom is the lost property of the believer, he
should take it even if finds it in the mouth of a mushrik."
.

15. OBLIGATION OF STATE TO PROVIDE EDUCATION
Article 9 (a) of the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam,
the pursuit of knowledge is obligatory in Islam, and the provision
of education is the responsibility of society and the state.
Today, the Muslim world is made up of more than 50 countries. There are significant differences
in how these states' educational systems developed during the colonial and post-colonial eras,
and each state's political, social, and economic experiences have played a significant role in this
process.
Muslim communities encountered ‘modernity' and Westernization in the nineteenth century
during the Euro-colonial expansion, they rediscovered the importance of education. European
powers increased their influence in the Muslim world through a systematic conquest for
colonies that began in the late 18th century and lasted until World War I.
Based on history, the learning system will be distinct in each of the Islamic countries that were
influenced by the system during the colonial era. However, this is not an excuse for the
education system to be ineffective. It is a country's responsibility to determine the country's
education system in order to develop the people in order to compete in developing the country
and have a significant impact on society's future.

16. OBLIGATION OF STATE TO PROVIDE EDUCATION
Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC) adopted a declaration
to ensuring that each government fulfils its duties and
responsibilities to ensure that the people's right to education is
implemented
Thus, the role of the government is not only to ensure a proper education system, but also to
provide learning infrastructure such as schools, universities, or places of learning that meet
global needs and standards, guaranteeing that everyone's right to learn is protected.
Article 9 (a) of Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam states “the seeking of knowledge is
an obligation and provision of education is the duty of the society and the State. The State shall
ensure the availability of ways and means to acquire education and shall guarantee its diversity
in the interest of the society so as to enable man to be acquainted with the religion of Islam and
uncover the secrets of the Universe for the benefit of mankind.”
Therefore, it’s an obligation to state to provide institutional of education for the people to seek
knowledge in many course of education including Islamic teaching.

17. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), defines
discrimination against women as “...any distinction,
exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which
has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the
recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women,
irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of
equality of men and women, of human rights and
fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social,
cultural, civil or any other field.”

18. Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the Islamic
Council of Europe on 19 September 1981 state in the rights of
education is to every person is entitled to receive education in
accordance with his natural capabilities and every person is entitled to
a free choice of profession and career and to the opportunity for the full
development of his natural endowments.
Article 6 (c) of Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, mention
about “Woman is equal to man in human dignity, and has her own rights
to enjoy as well as duties to perform, and has her own civil entity and
financial independence, and the right to retain her name and lineage”. In
this evidence, Islam never discriminate women to achieve their right.

19. EQUALITY GENDER IN ISLAM
“O mankind! Reverence your Guardian-Lord, Who created you from a
single person created of like nature his mate and from them twain scattered
(like seeds) countless men and women; reverence Allah through whom ye
demand your mutual (rights) and (reverence) the wombs (that bore you): for
Allah ever watches over you.”
(Surah An-Nisa Verse 1)
Men and women are seen as equal in the
eyes of Allah.
In Islam, the duty of seeking knowledge and
learning is obligatory for every Muslim. Islam
affirms the right to education for all without
gender discrimination
In Verse 39/9 in the Qur’an addresses all people and indicates that people will be
judged by their knowledge and understanding.

20. EQUALITY GENDER IN ISLAM
“Islam always encourage education is an essential aspect of strategies for
advancing an individual's socioeconomic development as well as the
economic progress of Muslims society. By empowering women and
educating them, they harness the ability and knowledge to choose whether
to adhere to traditional gender roles or continue pursuing a different path.
Education is one of the most effective tools for reducing poverty and
inequality and preparing the ground for long-term economic growth.
Moreover, by investing in education, particularly for girls, is one of the most
effective efforts to tackle poverty and deepen poor communities. Schooling
must not only prepare women and girls to speak out against injustices they
witness, but it could also encourage economic growth and stability.

21. CONCLUSION
Islam has never ignored the importance of education to
Muslims. In fact, the right to education and learning is essential
to Muslims' ability to acquire knowledge not only for
themselves, but also to spread that knowledge to others.
Governments and Muslims must fulfill their obligations under the Qur’an and the
international treaties they are party to providing education for all of good quality and to
implement and monitor more effectively education strategies. The importance of
knowledge and equity in Islam. Indeed, the acquisition of knowledge and the use of this
knowledge for the betterment of humanity are seen as sacred duties for Muslims.
Finally, Islamic conception of human rights especially tight to education is much related to
Islamic conception of human nature. The Islamic ethical theory on human rights requires
the elements of belief and faith. Contentment in life comes about when duties and rights
are fulfilled, resulting the protection of individual human beings. The combination of “duty
based” and “rights based” concepts places Islamic conception of human rights in a better
position than other theories.

22. REFERENCES ● Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam,Aug. 5, 1990, U.N. GAOR, World Conf. on Hum. Rts, 4th Sess., Agenda Item 5, U.N. Doc.
● First World Conference on Muslim Education 1977: Jāmiʻat al-Malik ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz Recommendation, King Abdulaziz University
● UN, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Dec. 18, 1979, 1249 U.N.T.S. 13.
https://plus.google.com/+UNESCO. 2013. “Right to Education.” UNESCO. April 20, 2013. https://en.unesco.org/themes/right-to-
education.
● “University of Minnesota Human Rights Library.” 2021. Umn.edu. 2021.
http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/islamic_declaration_HR.html.
● Panjwani, Farid. n.d. “The ‘Islamic’ in Islamic Education: Assessing the Discourse.” Current Issues in Comparative Education 7 (1):
19. Accessed July 12, 2021
● Rahman, Fazlur. 1984. Islam and Modernity: Transformation of an Intellectual Tradition. University of Chicago Press: Chicago.
● Mitchell, Travis. 2016. “1. Muslim Educational Attainment.” Pew Research Center’s Religion & Public Life Project. Pew Research
Center’s Religion & Public Life Project. December 13, 2016. https://www.pewforum.org/2016/12/13/muslim-educational-
attainment/.
● Education Rankings by Country 2021.” 2021. Worldpopulationreview.com. 2021. https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-
rankings/education-rankings-by-country.
● Mcdonnell, Jaclynn. n.d. “‘Islam and Educational Equality for Muslim Women’ ‘Islam and Educational Equality for Muslim Women.’”
https://scholarship.shu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1908&context=student_scholarship.

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