This document summarizes challenges related to intellectual property for journalists. It discusses how the output of journalism, such as reports, photos, and commentary, is intellectual property. It explores who owns this output - the publication, freelance journalists, or bloggers. It also examines how the government, private industry, and news sources can influence or control journalists through laws, lawsuits, and access to information. Overall, the document analyzes intellectual property issues and debates surrounding the practice of journalism.
America's Broken Retirement Plans and Pension Systemsourfuture
William R. Lerach, a class-action lawyer and securities expert, has prepared this presentation that outlines the roots of the current retirement crisis and offers suggestions for reform. Lerach traces how deregulation and Wall Street's capture of the political and regulatory processes in Washington became key reasons why retirement plans for millions of people have lost value and in many cases are becoming an albatross around the necks of corporations and state and local governments.
A complete summary of the prohibition that ocurred in the 1920's.
By: Joaquin Diaz Walker, Antonia Flores Piran, Belén Irazusta and Juan Ignacio López Vargas.
America's Broken Retirement Plans and Pension Systemsourfuture
William R. Lerach, a class-action lawyer and securities expert, has prepared this presentation that outlines the roots of the current retirement crisis and offers suggestions for reform. Lerach traces how deregulation and Wall Street's capture of the political and regulatory processes in Washington became key reasons why retirement plans for millions of people have lost value and in many cases are becoming an albatross around the necks of corporations and state and local governments.
A complete summary of the prohibition that ocurred in the 1920's.
By: Joaquin Diaz Walker, Antonia Flores Piran, Belén Irazusta and Juan Ignacio López Vargas.
2-3 Pages APA Style FormatThere’s an old adage that says that hi.docxavaforman16457
2-3 Pages APA Style Format
There’s an old adage that says that history is always written by the winners. Although this is not always the case, it is true that people's sense of historical events is often influenced by the viewpoints of the historians who write about them.
During the Watergate scandal in 1974, many policy pundits wrote columns demanding that President Richard Nixon resign from the presidency because he was, in their view, clearly culpable for the Watergate break-ins. Not all pundits felt this way, however. Read articles that offer differing views of President Nixon at the height of the Watergate scandal.
Complete the following for this assignment:
Step 1:
Summarize the arguments made in each of the two articles regarding the conduct of President Nixon. How might each of the author’s views impact the reader’s understanding of the Watergate crisis?
Step 2:
Describe how the Watergate events changed American views toward politics and politicians. In your view, how did these events change the press coverage of politicians?
Step 3:
Speculate about how the Watergate event coverage might have been different (better or worse) in the age of social media and smartphones. Would it have lasted as long? Why or why not? Are these innovations in technology helpful or harmful to the way that people understand current events?
At least 2 credible sources are required for this assignment. Your sources should be cited using APA format; both in-text citations and references.
References
Burch, D. (1974, May 14).
In defense of Richard Nixon
. Retrieved from The Harvard Crimson Web site:
http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1974/5/14/in-defense-of-richard-nixon-pithe/
The Washington Post. (1973, May 1).
Editorial: Watergate: The unfinished business
. Retrieved from
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/articles/050173-2.htm
Article 1
Editorial: Watergate: The Unfinished Business
Tuesday, May 1, 1973; Page A18
Mr. Nixon's speech and actions yesterday, far-reaching as they were in impact and effect, leave a lot yet to be done if he means to repair the damage of 10 months of temporizing, evasion and deceit where the Watergate scandals are concerned. Plainly, the President would like to turn the whole ugly matter over to the courts. And plainly took that is where the prosecution of specific criminal violations should be. But almost from the beginning, the test of "wrong-doing" has been neither exclusively nor overridingly whether men the President put in high office had violated criminal laws. An equally important test has been whether these men met certain minimum standards of decency, propriety and honor, to borrow a word much invoked by the President. When one speaks about public confidence and trust, that is the heart of the matter: people are entitled to something more than confidence that their highest public officials do not break the law; they are also entitled to know that these officials do not lie .
2-3 Pages APA Style FormatThere’s an old adage that says that .docxavaforman16457
2-3 Pages APA Style Format
There’s an old adage that says that history is always written by the winners. Although this is not always the case, it is true that people's sense of historical events is often influenced by the viewpoints of the historians who write about them.
During the Watergate scandal in 1974, many policy pundits wrote columns demanding that President Richard Nixon resign from the presidency because he was, in their view, clearly culpable for the Watergate break-ins. Not all pundits felt this way, however. Read articles that offer differing views of President Nixon at the height of the Watergate scandal.
Complete the following for this assignment:
Step 1:
Summarize the arguments made in each of the two articles regarding the conduct of President Nixon. How might each of the author’s views impact the reader’s understanding of the Watergate crisis?
Step 2:
Describe how the Watergate events changed American views toward politics and politicians. In your view, how did these events change the press coverage of politicians?
Step 3:
Speculate about how the Watergate event coverage might have been different (better or worse) in the age of social media and smartphones. Would it have lasted as long? Why or why not? Are these innovations in technology helpful or harmful to the way that people understand current events?
At least 2 credible sources are required for this assignment. Your sources should be cited using APA format; both in-text citations and references.
References
Burch, D. (1974, May 14).
In defense of Richard Nixon
. Retrieved from The Harvard Crimson Web site: http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1974/5/14/in-defense-of-richard-nixon-pithe/
The Washington Post. (1973, May 1).
Editorial: Watergate: The unfinished business
. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/watergate/articles/050173-2.htm
Article 1
Editorial: Watergate: The Unfinished Business
Tuesday, May 1, 1973; Page A18
Mr. Nixon's speech and actions yesterday, far-reaching as they were in impact and effect, leave a lot yet to be done if he means to repair the damage of 10 months of temporizing, evasion and deceit where the Watergate scandals are concerned. Plainly, the President would like to turn the whole ugly matter over to the courts. And plainly took that is where the prosecution of specific criminal violations should be. But almost from the beginning, the test of "wrong-doing" has been neither exclusively nor overridingly whether men the President put in high office had violated criminal laws. An equally important test has been whether these men met certain minimum standards of decency, propriety and honor, to borrow a word much invoked by the President. When one speaks about public confidence and trust, that is the heart of the matter: people are entitled to something more than confidence that their highest public officials do not break the law; they are also entitled to know that these officials do not lie an.
Argumentative Essay On Capital PunishmentMaria Clark
Capital Punishment Essay | Legal Studies - Year 12 HSC | Thinkswap. Argument on Capital Punishment | English Literary Studies - Year 11 .... 001 Essay On Should Capital Punishment Abolished ~ Thatsnotus. Capital punishment essay. 24/7 College Homework Help.. Anti capital punishment essay in 2021 | Essay examples, Essay, College .... ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY: Capital Punishment should be abolished and not re .... Death Penalty Argument Essay - BBC - Ethics - Capital Punishment .... Capital Punishment (Essay) | Capital Punishment | Hanging. Capital punishment essay - GCSE Religious Studies (Philosophy & Ethics .... Capital punishment essay – Logan Square Auditorium. 005 Introduction To Death Penalty Essay Essays On Capital Punishment L .... Capital Punishment - GCSE Religious Studies (Philosophy & Ethics .... capital punishment article for argument paper. Capital Punishment Essay | Essay on Capital Punishment for Students and .... The Idea of Capital Punishment - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. College Essay: Argumentative essay on capital punishment. The Use of Capital Punishment - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Capital Punishment Essay Against School. An essay on capital punishment. Essays on capital punishment besttopwriteessay.org. Capital Punishment - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. Capital Punishment Should Be Abolished Argumentative Essay - PHDessay.com. Overview Essay FAS1101 | Capital Punishment | Punishments. 007 Persuasive Essay About Death Penalty Capital Punishment L ~ Thatsnotus. Essay on Capital Punishment | International Criminal Court | Capital .... Capital Punishment. - GCSE Religious Studies (Philosophy & Ethics .... 004 Essay On Should Capital Punishment Abolished Discursive Media .... Argumentative Essay | Capital Punishment | Crimes.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
1. Intellectual Property -
Challenges for the Journalist
European Journalism Centre
Maastricht
November 2008
Richard Allan Horning
Fish & Richardson PC
Silicon Valley
rhorning@fr.com
RICHARD ALLAN HORNING
Principal, Venture Technology Group, Fish & Richardson P.C.,
Silicon Valley
Practicing Law in Silicon Valley Since 1970. Former Law Clerk,
US Court of Appeals (Ninth Circuit)
Clients have included Rolling Stone Magazine, Time-Life, New
York Times, Intel, Honeywell, Data General, Piaggio SpA,
Hewlett-Packard, Gigabit A/S [sale to Intel], Acer, Celo
Communications Ltd [financed by Investor Growth Capital and
sold to Gemplus]
Past President, International Technology Law Association
3. PROPERTY
THE OUTPUT OFJOURNALISM IS
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
• Reportage
• Photo Journalism
• Commentary
• Criticism and Reviews
• Editorial
4. WHO OWNS THE
OUTPUT OF REPORTERS
• The Publication / Employer
– “Work for Hire”
– Contracts as Controlling
– Droit Morale
• Free Lance Journalist
• “Blogger”
WHO CONTROLS THE
OUTPUT OF JOURNALISTS
• The “Boss”
• The Government
– Sunshine Laws
• Private Industry
– Libel Actions
– Trade Secrets
– Copyright Infringement
• Fair Use
• The News Source
– Privacy Laws
• Journalist Privilege
5. JOURNALISM’S IMPACT ON THE
ECONOMY AND INNOVATION
• Influences Political Decisions
• Spots and Promotes Consumer Trends
• Starts Mass Movements
• Can Help Shape Public Attitudes
JANUARY 24, 1848
Eureka !
“Gold Mine Found”, The Californian, March
15, 1848
“California, no doubt, is rich in mineral wealth;
great chances are here for scientific capitalists”
8. WHERE IT ALL STARTED
TV
CLEAN TECH IS ATTRACTING
THE BIG BOYS
“Represents the biggest economic
opportunity of this century”
- John Doerr, Kleiner Perkins, November 2006
9. WHO KNEW TONY WAS
A CLEAN TECH ENTREPRENEUR
VC INVESTMENTS IN CLEAN TECH
• $263 M invested in 2002
• $224 M invested in 2003
• $418 M invested in 2004
• $497 M invested in 2005
• $1,496M invested in 2006
• $2,188M invested in 2007
• $2,758M invested thru Q3, 2008
10. WHO IS A JOURNALIST
AND WHY DOES IT MATTER
• Preferential Access to News Sources
• Invitations to Newsworthy Events
• Journalism as “Fair Use”
• “Invitations” to Disclose Facts
• Prohibitions Against Attendance and
Publication
THE CHALLENGES OF
“DOING JOURNALISM”
• Honor and Respect of the Public
• Vilification as a “Left Wing” / “Right Wing”
Stooge
11. GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE
WITH THE PRACTICE OF JOURNALISM
US v Earl Caldwell
• Supreme Court in companion case Branzburg v Hayes
(1972) held that there is no First Amendment news
gathering privilege
• US v Earl Caldwell held that a journalist, like any other
citizen, can be compelled to appear before a secret grand
jury
• Outcome was state “shield” laws, allowing journalists to
assert privilege against source disclosure under certain
circumstances
• Outcome was Dept of Justice guidelines restricting US
government requiring journalists to divulge sources unless
it’s the last resort
• Note that publications can be sued for breaching
obligations of confidentiality (Cohen v Cowles Media,1991)
12. GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF ACCESS
ANGELA DAVIS
• Without any legal authorization the Marin
County Sherriff refused to allow press
interviews of Angela Davis following her
arrest for conspiracy to commit murder
• Time / Life threatened to sue the Sherriff
to gain access
• Suit dropped when Ms. Davis put
unacceptable conditions on the jail house
interview with Time
13. GOVERNMENT CONTROL OF ACCESS
GOVERNMENT CAN CONTROL
ACCESS BY DENYING ACCESS
• Hunter Thompson, acclaimed “gonzo” journalist
and political reporter, denied press credentials
by Ron Ziegler and Nixon White House
• Suit threatened by Rolling Stone to force
issuance of White House press credentials
• Suit dropped when Thompson went to Mexico
instead.
14. GOVERNMENT CAN CONTROL
ACCESS BY DENYING ACCESS
• Obama kicks Fox News reporters off his
campaign airplane
• Fight at 2008 Democratic Convention as to
who would be given press credentials –
issues was “bloggers” as journalists
GOVERNMENT DOES NOT HAVE TO
GIVE ACCESS TO SOURCES
• Sunshine laws usually have an exemption for
law enforcement
• California law provides an exception, that name
of arrested person and the victim may be given
to persons who swear that it is to be used for
journalistic purpose
– Opinion of California Attorney General (2006)
confirms that law enforcement agency may not
require evidence in support of sworn declaration
– Requester need not have press “credentials”
– Journalist requester need not monitor subsequent use
of the information obtained
15. GOVERNMENT RETRIBUTION
AGAINST JOURNALISM
US v New York Times
• Established that government cannot,
except the most extraordinary
circumstances, prevent publication of
articles
• This does not mean, of necessity,
publication cannot be preliminarily
enjoined
– MTA vs MIT Students re hacked Charlie
Cards
16. GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE
WITH JOURNALIST INVESTIGATIONS
“INVITATIONS” TO
DISCLOSE FACTS AND SOURCES
• Most recent rejection of special journalist
privilege again revelation of sources, whether
based on First Amendment or federal “common
law”, is US v Miller (2007)
• Investigation into who “outed” Valeria Plame, an
alleged CIA agent whose husband Joseph Miller
wrote a report denying that Saddam Hussein
was buying uranium from Niger.
• Ms. Miller spent 43 days in jail before being
released by her source.
18. “INVITATIONS” TO
DISCLOSE FACTS AND SOURCES
“INVITATIONS” TO
DISCLOSE FACTS AND SOURCES
• In prosecution of William and Emily Harris,
leaders of the SLA, for murder arising out of Los
Angeles “Sporting Good Store Shootout”
defendants subpoenaed the two Rolling Stone
reporters
• At first they voluntarily testified, but refused to
reveal sources
• In face of motion to quash subpoena and
protective order based on First Amendment and
California shield law, the reporters excused from
testifying
19. PRIVATE ATTEMPTS
AT CONTROL OF JOURNALISM
• Apple v Does
• MTA v MIT Students
• DeCSS vs Bloggers
UNFORSEEN OPPORTUNITIES FOR
EXPLOITATION OF IP
• New York Times v Tasini (2001)
– Free lance authors licensed print versions
– Compilation by NY Times in databases
violated copyright of journalists
21. CONCLUDING POINTS
• Journalists create and own intellectual property
• Control of use of journalist IP will devolve to contract,
with the decline of “employee” journalists in the wake of
declining circulation of main stream press
• Who is a “journalist” will remain an important question
• Professional organizations can play an important role in
developing standards for defining what constitutes “doing
journalism”
• Opportunities for multiple exploitation of the “work” may
exist
• Independent Journalists need financially powerful
friends!