Rhs year 1 week 10 overview 2011
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This document provides an overview of plant growth regulators, secondary growth, cells, pollination, fertilization, and botanical naming conventions. It describes how auxin influences plant growth through phototropism and geotropism. It explains that woody dicotyledons undergo secondary growth through the development of annual rings, bark, and vascular cambium. It defines the key components of plant cells and stages of pollination and fertilization. The learning objectives are to understand these topics at a basic level.
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1. The document discusses plant growth, development, and control mechanisms.
2. It defines growth as an increase in size through cell division, while development refers to organ formation and maturation.
3. Competition for resources like light, water, and nutrients can influence a plant's growth, potentially limiting its size or yield.
4. The plant hormone auxin influences growth through phototropism, the directional growth of shoots towards light, and other tropisms. It also stimulates fruit formation.
terminology used in plant bio technology
This document defines terms commonly used in plant tissue culture. It describes concepts like plasticity, which is a plant's ability to adapt to environmental conditions through changes in metabolism, growth, and development. It also discusses totipotency, which is a cell's potential to produce a whole plant, and recalcitrance, which makes an explant difficult to culture. Other terms defined include explant, culture, contaminants, node, morphogenesis, and meristem. Regeneration, dedifferentiation, redifferentiation, adventitious, determined, heterotrophic, ploidy, and polarity are also defined in the context of plant tissue culture.
plant reprodutive system
Sexual reproduction occurs in flowering plants through flowers which contain both male and female reproductive structures. The male structures called stamens produce pollen grains which contain the male gametes. The female structures called pistils contain ovules which house egg cells. Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains to the stigma of the pistil. This triggers a process called double fertilization where two male gametes fuse with an egg cell and polar nuclei to form a zygote and endosperm which nourish the developing seed. Growth in multicellular organisms involves increases in cell number through cell division and cell size through cell enlargement and differentiation into specialized cell types.
Roots, stems and leaves notes serena
This document provides information about plant anatomy and physiology. It discusses the main tissues and organs of plants including roots, stems, and leaves. Roots function to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Stems transport water and nutrients between the roots and leaves. Leaves contain chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis to produce food for the plant. The document also describes the three main tissue systems - dermal, vascular, and ground tissues - and their roles in plant structure and function.
Plant growth
1. The document discusses the key phases and characteristics of plant growth including cell division, enlargement, differentiation, and the grand period of growth represented by an S-shaped growth curve.
2. It describes three phases of plant growth at the cellular level: cell division (formative phase), cell enlargement, and cell differentiation (maturation).
3. The grand period of growth follows an S-shaped curve with three distinct phases - a lag phase, a log or exponential phase of rapid growth, and an adult or stationary phase as growth rates decrease and the plant reaches maturity.
Cells
The document discusses the history and development of cell theory from early microscopists in the 1600s-1800s to modern electron microscopy techniques. It covers key contributors like Van Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Brown, Schleiden, Schwann, Virchow and Weismann and how their findings built upon each other to establish the core principles of cell theory. The document then provides details on the structures and functions of plant and animal cells as well as their organelles like the cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuole and more.
Study of a cell
Cells are the basic units of life and come in two main types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus while eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus. Plant and animal cells also differ in that plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, allowing them to perform photosynthesis, while animal cells do not. The organelles in cells such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles each have distinct structures and functions that allow the cell to carry out its basic processes.
Plant tissue culture general introduction
To achieve the target of creating a new plant or a plant with desired characteristics, tissue culture is often coupled with recombinant DNA technology. The techniques of plant tissue culture have largely helped in the green revolution by improving the crop yield and quality.
The knowledge obtained from plant tissue cultures has contributed to our understanding of metabolism, growth, differentiation and morphogenesis of plant cells. Further, developments in tissue culture have helped to produce several pathogen-free plants, besides the synthesis of many biologically important compounds, including pharmaceuticals. Because of the wide range of applications, plant tissue culture attracts the attention of molecular biologists, plant breeders and industrialists.
Notes reproduction CLASS 10
This document provides an overview of asexual and sexual reproduction. It discusses various modes of asexual reproduction like binary fission, multiple fission, regeneration, fragmentation, budding and spore formation. It also covers vegetative propagation and tissue culture. For sexual reproduction, it describes the floral parts like carpels and stamens and the processes of pollination, fertilization and double fertilization in flowering plants.
Reproduction of life ppt..pdf slideshare
Plants and animals can reproduce both asexually and sexually. In asexual reproduction, offspring are identical clones of the parent, while sexual reproduction requires the fertilization of egg and sperm to produce offspring with unique combinations of traits. Plants undergo mitosis or meiosis and have structures like flowers, fruits, and spores to facilitate reproduction. Their life cycles and methods of asexual reproduction vary. Animals also use mitosis, meiosis, and sexual reproduction involving male and female gametes. Fertilization results in offspring with a mix of parents' traits. Both kingdoms pass genetic material to offspring through DNA and chromosomes.
How do Organisms Reproduce Class X notes.docx
This document provides information on various modes of reproduction in organisms, including asexual and sexual reproduction. It discusses the different types of asexual reproduction like binary fission, budding, spore formation, regeneration, and fragmentation. The document also covers the process of sexual reproduction in humans, including the male and female reproductive systems and changes during puberty. Key stages like fertilization and development of the embryo in the uterus are summarized.
Plant tissues
This document discusses plant tissues. There are two main types of plant tissues: meristematic and permanent tissues. Meristematic tissues are undifferentiated and can divide, while permanent tissues have differentiated and lost the ability to divide. The three main permanent tissues are dermal/protective, fundamental/supportive, and vascular/conductive tissues. Dermal tissue covers the plant, fundamental tissue provides structure and storage, and vascular tissue transports water and nutrients. Within these tissues are cell types specialized for different functions like photosynthesis, support, and long-distance transport.
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Plant structure, growth, and reproduction by Campbell Biology 7th edition
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- 10. Plant cell - structure