This document discusses infertility and provides information on causes, symptoms, and prevention. It notes that infertility means not getting pregnant despite having unprotected sex regularly for over a year. Both male and female factors can cause infertility, including problems with sperm production, ovulation disorders, or damage from cancer treatments. Risk factors include age, being overweight, smoking, drinking alcohol, and environmental toxins. Seeing a doctor earlier is advised if a woman is over 35, has irregular periods, or has had multiple miscarriages. Prevention strategies encompass maintaining a healthy lifestyle and avoiding potential risks.
Signs of infertility are not always evident. Most people go
through life without knowing there is a problem with their re-
productive systems, attributing failed pregnancies to provi-
dence. In fact, miscarriages are the most common indicator
of infertility. Signs of infertility in women
In you have any question about infertility treatment so you should read these notes. I tried my best to mention all possible Q and A about infertility treatment.
What is secondary infertility and its solutionivfmeerut
The reason behind secondary infertility is associated with the natural process required to conceive. Your fertility condition may change after the first pregnancy.
Get Pregnant Fast - Holistic and Ancient Chinese Strategies to get pregnant. Discover How To Get Pregnant Naturally...Even If Everything Else You Tried had Failed...Without Drugs, Without Surgery, and Without Nasty Side Effects – Guaranteed!
Men and women can both be infertile, and the cause of infertility varies in women and men. For women, the cause of infertility ranges from diseases of the thyroid to fibroids in the uterus and even endometriosis.
Signs of infertility are not always evident. Most people go
through life without knowing there is a problem with their re-
productive systems, attributing failed pregnancies to provi-
dence. In fact, miscarriages are the most common indicator
of infertility. Signs of infertility in women
In you have any question about infertility treatment so you should read these notes. I tried my best to mention all possible Q and A about infertility treatment.
What is secondary infertility and its solutionivfmeerut
The reason behind secondary infertility is associated with the natural process required to conceive. Your fertility condition may change after the first pregnancy.
Get Pregnant Fast - Holistic and Ancient Chinese Strategies to get pregnant. Discover How To Get Pregnant Naturally...Even If Everything Else You Tried had Failed...Without Drugs, Without Surgery, and Without Nasty Side Effects – Guaranteed!
Men and women can both be infertile, and the cause of infertility varies in women and men. For women, the cause of infertility ranges from diseases of the thyroid to fibroids in the uterus and even endometriosis.
Global Medical Cures™ | Women's Health - REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Caring for your reproductive health, understanding reproduction and gynecological disorders, and understanding you birth control options.
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
When one is dealing with infertility, as much as it is impor-
tant to strictly follow the rules of the treatment, it is equally
important to make sure that you have the correct diagnosis
of the root cause of your condition. In this article you will
find a broad outline, enumerating the various probable
causes of infertility.
I have come across number of boys whose life was on the brink of devastation because of the false belief that masturbation or wet dreams (nightfall) results in loss of semen and is harmful in the present as well as the future.
Masturbation, a boon is a bane in South East Asian countries. Hasta-maithun, Swapan-maithun, Yoni-maithun, Mukh-maithun aren't all these maithun? It is unfortunate that in the land of the sexopedia, Kamasutra, boys suffer silently due to MYTHS about masturbation (hastamaithun, hand job) and wet dreams (nightfall). A book can be written on the number of ill consequences attributed to masturbation. Sex therapists have better things to do than deal with this obviously silly notion. Don't be shocked if you find that your teenage boy is a prey to this monster myth. Are his grades falling unexpectedly? Has the gregarious teenager become a recluse lately? The reason is though 98 out of 100 boys masturbate, over 70 % boys believe masturbation is 'bacchpan ki galati' and have labeled themselves as addicts. Hopelessly they confess having masturbated in excess and beginning at a very young age. Inconsolable boys would not have to suffer silent pangs if an elder or peer reassured them that masturbation is healthy, normal, natural, useful and a safe sexual outlet. Acharya Vallabhdev in his subhashitavalli sweetly says, "For a cultured boy sex with a woman other than wife is blasphemous. For a cultured boy without a wife, best is the beautiful damsel hand." The allegory used is "prashastha karasundari". Anyone reading this can pass on this bit of knowledge, "masturbation is harmless". Let us not leave teenagers to suffer silently and be exploited by quacks ruthlessly.
MASTURBATION ,SINCE AGES HAS BEEN PRACTICES WITH ALL SOCIAL TABOOS & MYTH. GETTING RID OF MYTH IT IS NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND THE FACTS ABOUT MASTURBATION IN A MEDICALLY PROCLAIMED WAY.
Side effects of Emergency Contraceptive PillsiCliniq
Emergency contraceptives medicine intake can reduce the risk of unwanted pregnancy. It contains hormones called
estrogen and progestin. Hormones are powerful agents, but fortunately degrades quickly leaving no longstanding effect. Regular intake of emergency contraceptive pills should be avoided.
To get more details kindly refer doctors article --> https://www.icliniq.com/articles/sexual-health/i-pill-when-to-take-and-side-effects
Ruchi Sharma, 37years young lady, a top executive in an MNC,married since last seven years is desperately trying to conceive since last 2 years but with no results.
Infertility and Pregnancy
Here you will discover the foloowing:
Signs of Infertility
The Real Cause of Infertility
Infertility Treatments
How to get Pregnant Naturally
Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant despite having frequent, unprotected sex for at least a year for most couples. Infertility may result from an issue with either you or your partner, or a combination of factors that prevent pregnancy.
Global Medical Cures™ | Women's Health - REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Caring for your reproductive health, understanding reproduction and gynecological disorders, and understanding you birth control options.
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
When one is dealing with infertility, as much as it is impor-
tant to strictly follow the rules of the treatment, it is equally
important to make sure that you have the correct diagnosis
of the root cause of your condition. In this article you will
find a broad outline, enumerating the various probable
causes of infertility.
I have come across number of boys whose life was on the brink of devastation because of the false belief that masturbation or wet dreams (nightfall) results in loss of semen and is harmful in the present as well as the future.
Masturbation, a boon is a bane in South East Asian countries. Hasta-maithun, Swapan-maithun, Yoni-maithun, Mukh-maithun aren't all these maithun? It is unfortunate that in the land of the sexopedia, Kamasutra, boys suffer silently due to MYTHS about masturbation (hastamaithun, hand job) and wet dreams (nightfall). A book can be written on the number of ill consequences attributed to masturbation. Sex therapists have better things to do than deal with this obviously silly notion. Don't be shocked if you find that your teenage boy is a prey to this monster myth. Are his grades falling unexpectedly? Has the gregarious teenager become a recluse lately? The reason is though 98 out of 100 boys masturbate, over 70 % boys believe masturbation is 'bacchpan ki galati' and have labeled themselves as addicts. Hopelessly they confess having masturbated in excess and beginning at a very young age. Inconsolable boys would not have to suffer silent pangs if an elder or peer reassured them that masturbation is healthy, normal, natural, useful and a safe sexual outlet. Acharya Vallabhdev in his subhashitavalli sweetly says, "For a cultured boy sex with a woman other than wife is blasphemous. For a cultured boy without a wife, best is the beautiful damsel hand." The allegory used is "prashastha karasundari". Anyone reading this can pass on this bit of knowledge, "masturbation is harmless". Let us not leave teenagers to suffer silently and be exploited by quacks ruthlessly.
MASTURBATION ,SINCE AGES HAS BEEN PRACTICES WITH ALL SOCIAL TABOOS & MYTH. GETTING RID OF MYTH IT IS NEEDED TO UNDERSTAND THE FACTS ABOUT MASTURBATION IN A MEDICALLY PROCLAIMED WAY.
Side effects of Emergency Contraceptive PillsiCliniq
Emergency contraceptives medicine intake can reduce the risk of unwanted pregnancy. It contains hormones called
estrogen and progestin. Hormones are powerful agents, but fortunately degrades quickly leaving no longstanding effect. Regular intake of emergency contraceptive pills should be avoided.
To get more details kindly refer doctors article --> https://www.icliniq.com/articles/sexual-health/i-pill-when-to-take-and-side-effects
Ruchi Sharma, 37years young lady, a top executive in an MNC,married since last seven years is desperately trying to conceive since last 2 years but with no results.
Infertility and Pregnancy
Here you will discover the foloowing:
Signs of Infertility
The Real Cause of Infertility
Infertility Treatments
How to get Pregnant Naturally
Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant despite having frequent, unprotected sex for at least a year for most couples. Infertility may result from an issue with either you or your partner, or a combination of factors that prevent pregnancy.
Miscarriage - medical information(causes ,test& diagnosis, management , preve...martinshaji
Miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a #pregnancy before the 20th week. About 10 to 20 percent of known pregnancies end in miscarriage. But the actual number is probably much higher because many miscarriages occur so early in pregnancy that a woman doesn't even know she's pregnant.
Miscarriage is a somewhat loaded term — possibly suggesting that something was amiss in the carrying of the pregnancy. This is rarely true. Most miscarriages occur because the #fetus isn't developing normally. However, because these abnormalities are rarely understood, it's often difficult to determine what causes them.
Miscarriage is a relatively common #experience — but that doesn't make it any easier. Take a step toward #emotional healing by understanding what can cause a miscarriage, what increases the #risk and what #medical care might be needed.
please comment
thank you
Welcome to our FertilityConnect with TOLUAMOS
Are you on a journey to parenthood or seeking valuable insights on fertility and reproductive health? Look no further! Our Fertility Channel is your ultimate destination for expert advice, support, and inspiration.
Join our compassionate community as we delve into a world of comprehensive and evidence-based content, curated to guide you through every aspect of fertility. From understanding the menstrual cycle and ovulation to exploring fertility treatments and alternative therapies, we've got you covered.
Our dedicated team of fertility specialists, medical professionals, and experienced individuals will share their knowledge, personal stories, and success tips, creating a space where you can feel informed, empowered, and connected.
Expect engaging discussions, interviews with renowned experts, real-life testimonials, and practical lifestyle tips that can positively impact your fertility journey. We believe in breaking the stigma surrounding fertility issues and fostering a supportive environment for all.
Whether you're just starting to plan for a family or have been on this path for a while, our Fertility Channel is here to be your guiding light. Subscribe now, hit that notification bell, and let's embark on this transformative journey together. Remember, you are not alone – we are here to nurture hope, spread knowledge, and celebrate the miracle of life with you.
Female and male infertility Causes & Management by Asar KhanAsar Khan
In this Presentation we have included the male and female infertility their causes and Management. we hope that it will provide you some basic information regarding this issues.
Infertility affects both the female and male spouses equally. Inability to conceive isn't usually due to a medical condition. Stress, obesity, excessive alcohol and coffee usage, and smoking can all have a detrimental influence on fertility. Check out the Infertility Causes.
Infertility is a medical condition when a couple fails to conceive even after unprotected sex for an year or more than a year. Infertility can affect both men a women. Women’s infertility accounts for one third of all infertility problems worldwide and men infertility also accounts for one third of infertility causes. The remaining is shared by problems found in both the couples.
Everybody has distinct reproductive challenges, and everyone has a different timeline for consulting a fertility specialist. When you’re prepared, we can assist you in developing a personalized treatment plan that will enable you to expand your family.
Infertility problem and Fertility managementRotunda TCHR
Infertility India, Infertility Clinic India, Infertility Surgery India, Infertility, Infertility treatment India, Infertility abroad, conceive a baby, IVF, ICSI, PGD, GIFT, ZIFT, egg donation, sperm, embryo transfer, Pregnancy, egg donor, low cost IVF treatment, diagnosis, female fertility, male infertility, infertility specialist, infertility specialist in India, infertility treatment hospitals in India, infertility treatment clinic India, infertility treatment centre India, test tube baby, gender selection, sex selection, assisted reproductive technique, causes of infertility, procedure of fertility, IVF clinic, IVF clinics in India, pregnancy, sperm analysis, low sperm count, infertility treatment, infertility causes, infertility,IVF India, IVF Clinic India, IVF India, IVF Centre, IVF Treatment India, IVF, IVF Clinic, IVF Center, IVF India, IVF Specialist Doctor, IVF Treatment, IVF Treatment In India, IVF Treatment In Abroad, Women Infertility, Men Fertility, Test Tube Baby, IVF Procedure, ICSI, Embryo Transfer, Variations On Embryo Transfer, GIFT, ART, Egg Donation, Egg Donor, Low Cost Of Treatment, IVF Treatment Available In India, IVF,IVF India, IVF Clinic, Egg Donation, Surrogacy India, Fertility, Infertility, Surrogacy, Genetic Treatment, Human Reproduction, IVF Specialists, Success Rate, Fertility In India, Fertility Abroad, Fertility Treatment In India, Fertility Treatment In Abroad, Infertility In India, Infertility Treatment Abroad, Infertility Treatment In India, Infertility Treatment Abroad, IVF Treatment, IVF Treatment In India, IVF Treatment Abroad, Surrogacy, Surrogacy Treatment, Surrogacy Treatment In India, Surrogacy Treatment In Abroad, Gynecologist, Surrogate Mother, Surrogate Motherhood, Surrogate Mother India, Ovulation Induction, Laser Assisted Hatching, Oocyte Retrieval
Dr. Shilpa Bhandari is a highly experienced IVF specialist in Indore Madhya Pradesh and provides affordable ivf cost in Indore at Mohak infertility center. Book an appointment today Call now us 78980-47572 / 80852-77666 and online visit - https://mohakivf.com/
RG Stone Ludhiana - Procedure for Self Quarantine under COVID- 19RG Stone Hospital
Social distancing for at least 6 feet from other people and following the self quarantine is the best way to protect ourselves against the global pandemic Coronavirus.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a new strain that was discovered in 2019 and has not been previously identified in humans. Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they are transmitted between animals and people
A vitamin is an organic molecule that is an essential micronutrient that an organism needs in small quantities for the proper functioning of its metabolism.
There's a lot of misinformation about the causes and treatments of erectile dysfunction (ED). To know the facts, you may need to bust some myths along the way. ED is a normal part of growing older and men have to learn to live with it. Although ED is more common among older men, that doesn't mean it's something you have to live with.
All You Need to Know About kidney Stone - by RG Stone HospitalRG Stone Hospital
Are you searching all on Kidney Stones? - This RG Stone Presentation covers a list of key concepts on kidney stone i.e. the types, signs & symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, and prevention techniques.
What is Laparoscopy? - An Overview by RG Stone Hospital LudhianaRG Stone Hospital
What is Laparoscopy?
What are the Types of Laparoscopy?
Why Laparoscopy is Preferred?
What are the Advantages & Disadvantages of Laparoscopy?
What is the Best Laparoscopy Hospital in Ludhiana?
- Get answers to your every Question.
Refer: http://www.rghospitalludhiana.com/minimal-access-surgery/
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
2. TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
Men & Women bth are efefcted by
infertility
Symptoms of infertility
When to see a doctor
Men should talk to a doctor if they
have
Causes of infertility
Causes of male infertility
Causes of female infertility
Risk factors
Prevention
RG Stone Urology Laparoscopy
Hospital
3. MEN & WOMEN BTH ARE
EFEFCTED BY INFERTILITY
NOT GETTING PREGNANT, DESPITE
HAVING CAREFULLY TIMED,
UNPROTECTED SEX FOR ONE YEAR
Infertility may result from an issue with either you
or your partner, or a combination of factors that
prevent pregnancy. Fortunately, there are many
safe and effective therapies that significantly
improve your chances of getting pregnant.
4. SYMPTOMS OF INFERTILITY
Not getting pregnant is the main symptom of
infertility. There may be no other obvious
symptoms. Sometimes, a woman with infertility
may have irregular or absent menstrual periods. In
some cases, a man with infertility may have some
signs of hormonal problems, such as changes in
hair growth or sexual function. Most couples will
eventually conceive, with or without treatment.
5. WHEN TO SEE A
DOCTOR
YOU PROBABLY DON'T NEED TO SEE
A DOCTOR ABOUT INFERTILITY
UNLESS YOU HAVE BEEN TRYING
REGULARLY TO GET PREGNANT FOR
AT LEAST ONE YEAR. WOMEN
SHOULD TALK WITH A DOCTOR
EARLIER, HOWEVER, IF THEY:
Are age 35 or older and have been
trying to conceive for six months
Are over age 40
Have irregular or absent periods
Have very painful periods
Have known fertility problems
Have had multiple miscarriages
Have undergone treatment for cancer
6. MEN SHOULD
TALK TO A
DOCTOR IF THEY
HAVE
A low sperm count or other problems
with sperm
A history of testicular, prostate or
sexual problems
Undergone treatment for cancer
Small testicles or swelling in the
scrotum
Others in your family with infertility
problems
7. CAUSES OF
INFERTILITY
CAUSES ARE DIFFERENT IN
MALE & WOMEN
All of the steps during ovulation and
fertilization need to happen correctly in
order to get pregnant. Sometimes the
issues that cause infertility in couples are
present at birth, and sometimes they
develop later in life.
8. CAUSES OF MALE INFERTILITY
ABNORMAL SPERM PRODUCTION
OR FUNCTION
PROBLEMS WITH THE DELIVERY
OF SPERM
OVEREXPOSURE TO CERTAIN
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
DAMAGE RELATED TO CANCER
AND ITS TREATMENT
9. CAUSES OF FEMALE INFERTILITY
Ovulation disorders
Uterine or cervical abnormalities
Fallopian tube damage or blockage
Endometriosis
Primary ovarian insufficiency (early
menopause)
Pelvic adhesions
Cancer and its treatment
10. RISK FACTORS
MANY OF THE RISK FACTORS FOR
BOTH MALE AND FEMALE
INFERTILITY ARE THE SAME. THEY
INCLUDE
Being overweight
Age
Tobacco use
Alcohol use
Being underweight
Exercise issues
11. PREVENTION
SOME TYPES OF INFERTILITY
AREN'T PREVENTABLE. BUT
SEVERAL STRATEGIES MAY
INCREASE YOUR CHANCES OF
PREGNANCY
Have regular intercourse several times around
the time of ovulation for the highest
pregnancy rate. Intercourse beginning at
least five days before and until a day after
ovulation improves your chances of getting
pregnant. Ovulation usually occurs in the
middle of the cycle — halfway between
menstrual periods — for most women with
menstrual cycles about 28 days apart.
12. PREVENTION
IN MEN
ALTHOUGH MOST TYPES
OF INFERTILITY AREN'T
PREVENTABLE IN MEN
Avoid drug and tobacco
use and drinking too
much alcohol
Avoid high temperatures
found in hot tubs and
hot baths
Avoid exposure to
industrial or
environmental toxins
Limit medications that
may impact fertility
Exercise moderately
13. PREVENTION
IN WOMEN
FOR WOMEN, A NUMBER
OF STRATEGIES MAY
INCREASE THE CHANCES
OF BECOMING PREGNANT
Avoid alcohol and street
drugs
Quit smoking
Limit caffeine
Exercise moderately
Avoid weight extremes
.
14. Trusted center for your
all infertility problems
RG Stone has the most experienced team of
infertility experts who have experience more
than 20 years in the field. RG Stone Hospital is
presently the number one destination for
infertility treatments