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This document provides an overview of important cultures and time periods in ancient history, including the Paleolithic/Neolithic, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Amarna Period, Minoan, Mycenaean, Archaic Greek, Classical Greek, and Hellenistic Greek eras. It also defines key architectural terms, names of rulers and figures, and concepts seen during these periods. Examples of important works of art and architecture from these cultures are also referenced.
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The ancient Egyptians built pyramids near rivers and cities to serve as tombs for pharaohs and kings and to allow their spirits to ascend to heaven. They constructed pyramids out of heavy stone blocks, which they quarried and transported using ramps and lever systems, then fitted together using simple tools and their collective manpower. Pyramids also held the tombs of queens and served religious purposes connected to burial rituals.
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The document provides definitions for various terms related to rituals and burial practices in ancient Egypt. It explains that the Egyptians placed great importance on proper burial and preparation for the afterlife. Key terms defined include amulets, the Book of the Dead, cartonnage, embalming, hieroglyphics, the ibu, mourners, pyramids, sarcophagi, tombs, ushabti, and the weighing of the heart ceremony. The document emphasizes the sacred nature and purpose of the elaborate rituals and burial customs in ancient Egypt.
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The document discusses ancient Egyptian art from 3500 BCE to 1000 BCE. It provides context on Egyptian themes of gods, rulers, the afterlife, and strict artistic conventions. Examples are given of tomb paintings, sculptures of pharaohs and gods, and architecture from different periods that adhered to the Egyptian canon of proportions. The piece also notes a brief departure from tradition under the pharaoh Akhenaten, shown in a naturalistic sculpture of himself and his wife Nefertiti.
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1) Ancient Greek art progressed from geometric to figural styles over different periods from 1100 BC to 30 BC.
2) Pottery, sculpture, and architecture were influenced by Egyptian and Mycenaean traditions but evolved styles focusing on the human form.
3) The high Classical period represented a Greek ideal
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1. Paleolithic art from 40,000 years ago included carved figurines and paintings of animals on cave walls. The earliest known engraving dates back 77,000 years.
2. During the Neolithic period, the development of agriculture led to pottery and structures like Stonehenge built from stone. Geometric designs on pottery were derived from plants and animals.
3. The Bronze Age saw early civilizations like Sumer and Ancient Egypt develop with complex social structures and technical achievements including metalworking and writing systems. Art served ritual purposes and depicted rulers and religious scenes.
Ancient Egypt PPP.ppt
EGYPTIAN ARTS REFLECTS ITS CULTURE AND RELIGION. "Egyptian art" redirects here. For the art of modern Egypt, see Contemporary art in Egypt.
Art of ancient Egypt
The Mask of Tutankhamun; c. 1327 BC; gold, glass and semi-precious stones; height: 54 cm (21 in); Egyptian Museum (Cairo)
The Great Pyramid of Giza, constructed between c. 2580–2560 BC during the Old Kingdom period
History of art
Periods
Regions
Religions
Techniques
Types
vte
Ancient Egyptian art refers to art produced in ancient Egypt between the 6th millennium BC and the 4th century AD, spanning from Prehistoric Egypt until the Christianization of Roman Egypt. It includes paintings, sculptures, drawings on papyrus, faience, jewelry, ivories, architecture, and other art media. It is also very conservative: the art style changed very little over time. Much of the surviving art comes from tombs and monuments, giving more insight into the ancient Egyptian afterlife beliefs.
The ancient Egyptian language had no word for "art". Artworks served an essentially functional purpose that was bound with religion and ideology. To render a subject in art was to give it permanence. Therefore, ancient Egyptian art portrayed an idealized, unrealistic view of the world. There was no significant tradition of individual artistic expression since art served a wider and cosmic purpose of maintaining order (Ma'at).
The Early Dynastic Period of Egypt immediately follows the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, c. 3100 BC. It is generally taken to include the First and Second Dynasties, lasting from the end of the Naqada III archaeological period until about 2686 BC, or the beginning of the Old Kingdom.[8]
Cosmetic palettes reached a new level of sophistication during this period, in which the Egyptian writing system also experienced further development. Initially, Egyptian writing was composed primarily of a few symbols denoting amounts of various substances. In the cosmetic palettes, symbols were used together with pictorial descriptions. By the end of the Third Dynasty, this had been expanded to include more than 200 symbols, both phonograms and ideograms.[20]
The Middle Kingdom of Egypt (a.k.a. "The Period of Reunification") follows a period of political division known as the First Intermediate Period. The Middle Kingdom lasted from around 2050 BC to around 1710 BC, stretching from the reunification of Egypt under the reign of Mentuhotep II of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Twelfth Dynasty. The Eleventh Dynasty ruled from Thebes and the Twelfth Dynasty ruled from el-Lisht. During the Middle Kingdom period, Osiris became the most important deity in popular religion.[24] The Middle Kingdom was followed by the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt, another period of division that involved foreign invasions of the country by the Hyksos of West Asia.
After the reunification of Egypt in the Middle Kingdom, the kings of the Eleventh and Twelfth Dynasties were able to return their focus to art. In the E
Martino ancient greece
This document provides an overview of ancient Greece, including Kouroi sculptures from the Archaic period and Athenian vase painting techniques. It discusses how Kouroi were life-sized marble sculptures that emulated the Egyptian stance. It also explains the two main styles of Athenian vase painting: black figure, where figures were painted in slip and turned black during firing, and red figure, where figures were drawn in slip and the background was painted black. The document aims to review ancient Greece and its art through discussions of Kouroi, vase painting, and temples.
LVV4U: Introduction to Greek Art & Architecture
The document summarizes the major periods of Greek art from 1100 BCE to 30 BCE. It divides Greek art into the Geometric, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic periods. For each period it provides a brief overview of stylistic developments in sculpture, pottery, architecture and other art forms, and discusses major artistic works and influences. Key events that shaped Greek culture, such as the Persian Wars and conquests of Alexander the Great, are also summarized for context.
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Review+1+ a101
- 1. Cultures and Periods • Paleolithic/Neolithic • Mesopotamia (Sumerian Assyrian, Akkadian) • Egypt • Amarna Period • Minoan • Mycenaean • Archaic Greek • Classical Greek • Hellenistic Greek
- 2. Terms • Hieratic Scale • Polykleitos’ Canon • Stele • Kouros/Kore • Cuneiform • Contraposto • Votive • Acropolis • Minoan Marine Style • Parthenon • Greek Geometric Style • Orientalizing Style
- 3. Architectural Terms • Corbel • Doric • Post and Lintel • Ionic • Ziggurat • Pediment • Mastaba • Volute • Step Pyramid • Cyclopean • Column (base, Masonry shaft, capital) • Frieze
- 4. Names • Naram Sin • Narmer • Hatshepsut • Ahkenaten • Tutankhamen • Polykleitos • Pericles
- 5. Concepts • Procession • Monumentality (context, form, scale, material) • Form follows function • Storytelling • Naturalism
- 9. Stele of Naram-Sin Sippar (Present-day Iraq) About 2254-2218 BCE
- 10. Gudea Votive Girsu (Present-day Iraq) About 2090 BCE
- 11. Palette of Narmer Hierakonopolis About 2950 BCE
- 12. Funerary Complex of Djoser Saqqara About 2630-2575 BCE
- 19. Anavysos Kouros Athens About 530 BCE
- 20. Kritios Boy Athens About 480 BCE
- 21. Spear Bearer Roman copy from Polykleitos’ original About 450-440 BCE
- 22. Temple of Artemis Ephesus About 550 BCE
- 24. Temple of Athena Nike Athens About 410 BCE