Review of Literature for Oyster Mushroom
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
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ROOT CROPS
This document is an assignment submitted by Tirlok Chand on the description and production of root crops. It discusses several key points:
- Root crops are underground plant parts that are high in nutrients. They include tubers, corms, rhizomes, and true roots. Examples mentioned are potato, ginger, turmeric, beetroot, and carrot.
- Production of root crops requires cool climates, loose soil rich in organic matter, and involves land preparation, sowing, application of manures and fertilizers, weeding, and harvesting before flowering.
- Post-harvest activities include sorting, grading, and marketing of the harvested root crops. Management of pests and diseases throughout the
Determinate &; indeterminate habit
This document discusses determinate and indeterminate growth habits in vegetables like tomatoes. It defines determinate growth as finite growth to a compact height, with flowering from the middle to top and downward. Indeterminate growth continues without stopping, can reach heights of 10 feet, and has flowering from the bottom up. Determinate varieties are preferred commercially due to uniform ripening, while indeterminate varieties provide a longer harvest period. The document also covers pruning practices for indeterminate varieties like removing suckers below the first flower cluster to direct energy to fruits.
Handbook on floriculture and landscaping
This document provides information on the classification of floricultural and landscape plants. It discusses two main classification systems:
1. Based on growth/life cycle - plants are classified as annuals, biennials, or perennials depending on whether they complete their life cycle in one, two, or multiple growing seasons.
2. Based on applications/uses - plants are classified based on how they are used, including as cut flowers, potted plants, or for landscaping purposes. Cut flowers can be fresh or non-fresh varieties.
Examples of common plants are provided for different categories, such as roses and carnations as fresh cut flowers, and ficus and dracaena as popular pot
Forage AND fodder crops
This document provides information on Bajra and Guarbean, two important forage/fodder crops. It discusses their classification, origin, morphology, cultivation practices, and uses. Bajra is an annual grass grown for its grain and fodder. It originated in Africa and is cultivated in India and Pakistan. Guarbean is an annual legume grown for its edible pods and guar gum. It is thought to have originated in India and Pakistan. Both crops are drought tolerant and provide nutrients beneficial for health.
Seed certification
This document provides information about seed certification. It defines what a seed is, explains the importance of seed quality and certification, and outlines the seed certification process. This includes eligibility requirements, field inspection procedures, seed sampling and testing standards, tagging certified seeds, and costs associated with certification. The goal of seed certification is to ensure high quality seeds of approved varieties are available to farmers.
Post harvest management of root crops
This document discusses post-harvest management techniques for root crops. It covers maturity indices for harvesting root crops like carrots, radishes, and potatoes. It describes proper harvesting methods to minimize injuries. Pre-cooling techniques like hydrocooling and air cooling are explained to remove field heat. Appropriate packaging, storage, transportation and fungicide treatment practices are outlined to reduce post-harvest losses and maintain quality during distribution. Value addition technologies and grading methods for root crops are also briefly mentioned.
Coconut diseases Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK M...
This document summarizes several coconut diseases, including their symptoms, causes, and management strategies. It describes diseases such as bud rot and nut fall caused by fungi like Phytophthora spp. that results in yellowing and wilting fronds. It also discusses lethal yellowing phytoplasma that causes premature fruit dropping and yellowing of the crown. Control methods include removing infected plant debris, using appropriate fungicides, planting resistant varieties, and avoiding wounding palms.
ROSE CULTIVATION
This document provides information about roses, including their botanical classification, major importers and exporters, uses, cultivation practices, and more. It discusses that roses belong to the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae. Germany is the largest importer of roses, while the top exporter is the Netherlands. The document describes different types of roses and their classifications. It also outlines soil, climate, propagation, planting, pruning, and other cultivation practices required for successful rose production.
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ROOT CROPS
This document is an assignment submitted by Tirlok Chand on the description and production of root crops. It discusses several key points:
- Root crops are underground plant parts that are high in nutrients. They include tubers, corms, rhizomes, and true roots. Examples mentioned are potato, ginger, turmeric, beetroot, and carrot.
- Production of root crops requires cool climates, loose soil rich in organic matter, and involves land preparation, sowing, application of manures and fertilizers, weeding, and harvesting before flowering.
- Post-harvest activities include sorting, grading, and marketing of the harvested root crops. Management of pests and diseases throughout the
Determinate &; indeterminate habit
This document discusses determinate and indeterminate growth habits in vegetables like tomatoes. It defines determinate growth as finite growth to a compact height, with flowering from the middle to top and downward. Indeterminate growth continues without stopping, can reach heights of 10 feet, and has flowering from the bottom up. Determinate varieties are preferred commercially due to uniform ripening, while indeterminate varieties provide a longer harvest period. The document also covers pruning practices for indeterminate varieties like removing suckers below the first flower cluster to direct energy to fruits.
Handbook on floriculture and landscaping
This document provides information on the classification of floricultural and landscape plants. It discusses two main classification systems:
1. Based on growth/life cycle - plants are classified as annuals, biennials, or perennials depending on whether they complete their life cycle in one, two, or multiple growing seasons.
2. Based on applications/uses - plants are classified based on how they are used, including as cut flowers, potted plants, or for landscaping purposes. Cut flowers can be fresh or non-fresh varieties.
Examples of common plants are provided for different categories, such as roses and carnations as fresh cut flowers, and ficus and dracaena as popular pot
Forage AND fodder crops
This document provides information on Bajra and Guarbean, two important forage/fodder crops. It discusses their classification, origin, morphology, cultivation practices, and uses. Bajra is an annual grass grown for its grain and fodder. It originated in Africa and is cultivated in India and Pakistan. Guarbean is an annual legume grown for its edible pods and guar gum. It is thought to have originated in India and Pakistan. Both crops are drought tolerant and provide nutrients beneficial for health.
Seed certification
This document provides information about seed certification. It defines what a seed is, explains the importance of seed quality and certification, and outlines the seed certification process. This includes eligibility requirements, field inspection procedures, seed sampling and testing standards, tagging certified seeds, and costs associated with certification. The goal of seed certification is to ensure high quality seeds of approved varieties are available to farmers.
Post harvest management of root crops
This document discusses post-harvest management techniques for root crops. It covers maturity indices for harvesting root crops like carrots, radishes, and potatoes. It describes proper harvesting methods to minimize injuries. Pre-cooling techniques like hydrocooling and air cooling are explained to remove field heat. Appropriate packaging, storage, transportation and fungicide treatment practices are outlined to reduce post-harvest losses and maintain quality during distribution. Value addition technologies and grading methods for root crops are also briefly mentioned.
Coconut diseases Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK M...
This document summarizes several coconut diseases, including their symptoms, causes, and management strategies. It describes diseases such as bud rot and nut fall caused by fungi like Phytophthora spp. that results in yellowing and wilting fronds. It also discusses lethal yellowing phytoplasma that causes premature fruit dropping and yellowing of the crown. Control methods include removing infected plant debris, using appropriate fungicides, planting resistant varieties, and avoiding wounding palms.
ROSE CULTIVATION
This document provides information about roses, including their botanical classification, major importers and exporters, uses, cultivation practices, and more. It discusses that roses belong to the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae. Germany is the largest importer of roses, while the top exporter is the Netherlands. The document describes different types of roses and their classifications. It also outlines soil, climate, propagation, planting, pruning, and other cultivation practices required for successful rose production.
Pht on mango
This document discusses the present status and future potential of post-harvest processing of mangoes in India. It provides details on mango production in India, common post-harvest operations like cleaning, sorting, packaging and storage. It also describes value-added mango products and the various unit operations involved in mango processing. The document discusses utilization of mango by-products and some problems faced by the mango industry in India. It highlights the potential of mango processing given the various health benefits and uses of mango and its by-products.
Research Paper on Vermiculture and Vermicomposting
The document summarizes a research project on vermiculture and vermicomposting conducted by students. They constructed two vermi beds and introduced red wriggler worms. Over several weeks, they applied various organic substrates to the beds, fed and moistened the worms, and harvested over 200kg of high-quality vermicast fertilizer. The vermicast was then used to fertilize vegetable seedlings, demonstrating the potential of vermiculture for organic waste management and fertilizer production.
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Species and cultivars of cacao
This document summarizes information about cocoa species and cultivars. It begins by providing background on the botanical name and origin of cocoa. It then describes three main cocoa groups - Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario - and their key characteristics. The document concludes by describing eight cocoa varieties cultivated in India, including their morphological traits and yields.
Beneficial nutrient elements (Plant Physiology)
This document discusses beneficial nutrient elements for plants. It defines macronutrients and micronutrients and provides details on each. Macronutrients include carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, and magnesium. They are required in larger quantities and concentrations. Micronutrients, also called trace elements, include boron, chlorine, copper, iron, molybdenum, manganese and zinc and are required in much smaller quantities. The document outlines characteristics of macro and micronutrients and deficiencies symptoms caused by lack of specific micro and macronutrients.
ADVANCES IN THE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF CASSAVA
Cassava is an important starchy root crop grown mainly in tropical regions like Africa and Asia. It is cultivated extensively in southern India, especially in Kerala. The underground tubers are rich in starch and are consumed after cooking. Cassava plays a significant role in food security and is also used to produce industrial products like alcohol, starch and glucose. While the tubers provide carbohydrates, they also contain toxic levels of cyanide which must be removed through processing before consumption.
Maize
This document provides an overview of maize (corn) including its botanical classification, origin in Mexico, nutritional value, morphology, growth stages, varieties, production, and management practices. It is the third most important cereal crop globally after rice and wheat. In India, it is grown on 6.4 million hectares annually, with the top producing states contributing over 80% of total production. Proper soil preparation, spacing, fertilizer application, irrigation, weed control and protection from insect pests and diseases are required for optimal maize cultivation.
Coffee
Coffea arabica is a species of coffee plant native to subtropical Africa and southern Asia. The coffee plant is a woody perennial that grows into a small tree or bush up to 3-3.5 meters tall. Coffee plants produce red fruits called cherries that contain two seeds called coffee beans. The Coffea arabica species is considered to produce the highest quality coffee beans. Coffee plants require warm temperatures between 19-25°C and substantial water to grow and produce coffee cherries.
Mushroom cultivation and processing of agricultural products
Mushroom cultivation provides opportunities to address issues of increasing population, decreasing agricultural land, and the need for nutritious and affordable food. Mushroom farming can be a profitable business with low investment and space requirements. In India, mushroom production is growing, especially in states like Uttar Pradesh, Tripura and Kerala. Mushroom cultivation requires consideration of factors like water availability, access to raw materials and labor, electricity costs, and provisions for waste disposal and future expansion. Mushrooms provide social, economic and nutritional benefits and their cultivation can generate employment and business opportunities while being environmentally sustainable.
RUBBER PRESENTATION
This document provides information about an on-the-job training program for rubber plantation in Quezon Palawan. It discusses the processes involved in rubber production from seed germination and seedling growth to tapping trees for latex, processing latex into rubber sheets, and baling the finished rubber for delivery. The training covers the botany of rubber trees, propagation through budding, spacing for planting, pruning, tapping techniques, processing latex into ribbed smoked sheets or blanket rubber, and quality control measures.
Nursery management
Nursery management. The main phases of nursery management are- Planning - demand for planting material, provision of mother blocks, requirement of land area, water supply, working tools, growing structures and input availability
Seed Production Technology of Vegetative propagated vegetables.
This document provides information on vegetative propagation in vegetables. It defines vegetative propagation as increasing the number of plants of a particular species through methods other than seeds, such as using rhizomes, corms, stolons, and tubers. Some advantages are that new plants are clones of the parent with identical genetics and can tolerate a wide range of growing conditions. Some disadvantages are reduced biodiversity and increased susceptibility to pests and diseases. Naturally vegetatively propagated vegetables include bulbs, rhizomes, stolons and tubers, while artificially propagated ones include cuttings, grafting, and tissue culture.
Botany of maize
This document provides information on the botany and morphology of maize. It describes the taxonomy of maize, placing it in the plant kingdom. It also details the nutritional value of maize and the plant morphology, including the leaves, roots, reproductive structures, seeds, and life cycle. The reproductive structures include the male tassel and female ear. Pollination occurs when pollen from the tassel falls on the silks of the ear. The life cycle takes 120-150 days from planting to maturity.
What is Lath houses?
Lath is a thin, narrow strip of wood used to support plaster on interior walls and ceilings. A lath house is a structure made of wooden strips or laths placed 5 cm apart that is used to protect and nurture young plants. Lath houses provide protection from hot winds, sunlight, and low temperatures while maintaining humidity. They can be covered with plastic sheeting in winter for additional protection from cold and are useful for raising seedlings, cuttings, and young rhododendron plants before planting in gardens.
1b peanut production
This document provides an introduction to peanuts, including their origin, uses, nutritional value, and production levels in key countries like India, China, and the US. It then discusses peanut botany, environmental requirements, varieties adapted to Guyana, and cultivation practices for peanuts in Guyana, including land preparation, liming, planting timing and techniques, and inoculation. Key details covered include the plant's herbaceous nature and underground fruit development, as well as soil, moisture, climate, and varietal characteristics suitable for Guyana's conditions.
Sugarcane ( Scientific cultivation of sugarcane crop)
India has the largest area under sugarcane cultivation in the world. Sugarcane is mainly grown in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu which also have the highest production. There are three main species of sugarcane cultivated. The crop requires tropical conditions and does best with temperatures between 26-32°C and annual rainfall of 75-120cm. Proper soil preparation, variety selection, fertilizer application, weed control and irrigation are important management practices for optimal yields. Pests like early shoot borer and diseases like red rot require control measures. Harvesting involves cutting cane at ground level when maturity is reached based on brix levels.
Dahlia series presentation
This document provides information on several series of dahlias and hibiscus cuttings produced and sold by Bosgraaf Greenhouses, including the history of the company and breeding programs that developed the plant varieties. It details the cultural requirements and sales opportunities for the Dahlietta, Gallery, Melody, Karma, Happy Single, Happy Days, and Dark Angel dahlia series, as well as the Sunny Cities hibiscus.
TRANSFORMATION TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE VIS-À-VIS AGRIBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
TRANSFORMATION TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE VIS-À-VIS AGRIBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIESKerala Agricultural University
TRANSFORMATION TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE VIS-À-VIS AGRIBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
Rin Rose Antony and Dr. Allan Thomas
Kerala Agricultural University
Agriculture is undergoing a huge transformation. In the past, agriculture was seen as a subsistence activity of farmers involving crop and livestock production. Today, agriculture has transformed as technology and market-oriented industry which extends from agricultural production to sophisticated agri-science, and agribusiness.Agricultural transformation is defined as a process that leads to higher productivity farms that are commercially oriented, which strengthens the link between farming and other sectors of the economy. The experience of the evolution of the agricultural sector over centuries tells us that the sector has evolved from being a basic food-gathering activity to an intensive production system due to population growth, increase in income, urbanization, technological revolution, and liberalization of international trade.The agricultural sector has tremendous potential for expansion of employment opportunities and consequently mitigating the levels of rural poverty. Agricultural transformation coupled with forward and backward linkages with industry is an emerging phenomenon (Chengappa, 2004). Achieving high growth is important. But, growth without inclusiveness and sustainability will not be useful. Agriculture transformation has to be viewed more holistically in terms of rural transformation and urban linkages. Hence there is a need to give a big push for Indian agriculture for transformation that helps in realizing farmers’ welfare.
Credit Seminar Presentation of PG student Ms. Rin Rose AntonyStrawberry cultivation
This document provides information on the production of strawberries. It begins by identifying strawberries' scientific name and family, and notes that they are native to France. It then discusses strawberries' introduction, morphology, climate needs, soil requirements, popular varieties, propagation through runners, planting methods, mulching, irrigation, nutrient needs, pollination, harvesting, and packaging. The key points covered are that strawberries are propagated through runners, prefer acidic soil, common varieties include Chandler and Tioga, and they are harvested when 50-75% colored for long distance markets.
Cashewnut
This document provides an overview of a presentation on cashew nut marketing and production. It begins with introductions to plantation crops in India and their economic importance. It then discusses key details about cashew nuts, including their history and introduction to India, climatic requirements, cultivation practices such as planting, fertilization and harvesting. The document also covers cashew nut processing, grading, exports and production in India. It concludes with strengths, weaknesses and strategies for growing cashew nuts. The overall presentation aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cashew nut cultivation and marketing in India.
Project report on mushroom cultivation in india | Oyster Mushroom Cultivation
Project report on mushroom cultivation in india, This Report Features how to mushroom cultivation especially oyster mushroom Cultivation
Mushroom cultivation
This guide provides instructions for growing oyster mushrooms at home in Chennai, India. It explains that the ideal temperature range for mushroom growth is 25-28°C, which can be achieved in Chennai by keeping the grow bags in a cool, dark spot. The guide details the steps to prepare sterilized straw, inoculate it with mushroom spores, seal it in bags with air holes, and maintain moist conditions for 18 days until mushrooms sprout. Diagrams illustrate the layering of spore-inoculated straw and hanging of a wet sack to provide the necessary cool and humid microclimate for mushroom cultivation.
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This document discusses the present status and future potential of post-harvest processing of mangoes in India. It provides details on mango production in India, common post-harvest operations like cleaning, sorting, packaging and storage. It also describes value-added mango products and the various unit operations involved in mango processing. The document discusses utilization of mango by-products and some problems faced by the mango industry in India. It highlights the potential of mango processing given the various health benefits and uses of mango and its by-products.
Research Paper on Vermiculture and Vermicomposting
The document summarizes a research project on vermiculture and vermicomposting conducted by students. They constructed two vermi beds and introduced red wriggler worms. Over several weeks, they applied various organic substrates to the beds, fed and moistened the worms, and harvested over 200kg of high-quality vermicast fertilizer. The vermicast was then used to fertilize vegetable seedlings, demonstrating the potential of vermiculture for organic waste management and fertilizer production.
Presentation on pigeon pea
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Species and cultivars of cacao
This document summarizes information about cocoa species and cultivars. It begins by providing background on the botanical name and origin of cocoa. It then describes three main cocoa groups - Criollo, Forastero, and Trinitario - and their key characteristics. The document concludes by describing eight cocoa varieties cultivated in India, including their morphological traits and yields.
Beneficial nutrient elements (Plant Physiology)
This document discusses beneficial nutrient elements for plants. It defines macronutrients and micronutrients and provides details on each. Macronutrients include carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium, and magnesium. They are required in larger quantities and concentrations. Micronutrients, also called trace elements, include boron, chlorine, copper, iron, molybdenum, manganese and zinc and are required in much smaller quantities. The document outlines characteristics of macro and micronutrients and deficiencies symptoms caused by lack of specific micro and macronutrients.
ADVANCES IN THE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF CASSAVA
Cassava is an important starchy root crop grown mainly in tropical regions like Africa and Asia. It is cultivated extensively in southern India, especially in Kerala. The underground tubers are rich in starch and are consumed after cooking. Cassava plays a significant role in food security and is also used to produce industrial products like alcohol, starch and glucose. While the tubers provide carbohydrates, they also contain toxic levels of cyanide which must be removed through processing before consumption.
Maize
This document provides an overview of maize (corn) including its botanical classification, origin in Mexico, nutritional value, morphology, growth stages, varieties, production, and management practices. It is the third most important cereal crop globally after rice and wheat. In India, it is grown on 6.4 million hectares annually, with the top producing states contributing over 80% of total production. Proper soil preparation, spacing, fertilizer application, irrigation, weed control and protection from insect pests and diseases are required for optimal maize cultivation.
Coffee
Coffea arabica is a species of coffee plant native to subtropical Africa and southern Asia. The coffee plant is a woody perennial that grows into a small tree or bush up to 3-3.5 meters tall. Coffee plants produce red fruits called cherries that contain two seeds called coffee beans. The Coffea arabica species is considered to produce the highest quality coffee beans. Coffee plants require warm temperatures between 19-25°C and substantial water to grow and produce coffee cherries.
Mushroom cultivation and processing of agricultural products
Mushroom cultivation provides opportunities to address issues of increasing population, decreasing agricultural land, and the need for nutritious and affordable food. Mushroom farming can be a profitable business with low investment and space requirements. In India, mushroom production is growing, especially in states like Uttar Pradesh, Tripura and Kerala. Mushroom cultivation requires consideration of factors like water availability, access to raw materials and labor, electricity costs, and provisions for waste disposal and future expansion. Mushrooms provide social, economic and nutritional benefits and their cultivation can generate employment and business opportunities while being environmentally sustainable.
RUBBER PRESENTATION
This document provides information about an on-the-job training program for rubber plantation in Quezon Palawan. It discusses the processes involved in rubber production from seed germination and seedling growth to tapping trees for latex, processing latex into rubber sheets, and baling the finished rubber for delivery. The training covers the botany of rubber trees, propagation through budding, spacing for planting, pruning, tapping techniques, processing latex into ribbed smoked sheets or blanket rubber, and quality control measures.
Nursery management
Nursery management. The main phases of nursery management are- Planning - demand for planting material, provision of mother blocks, requirement of land area, water supply, working tools, growing structures and input availability
Seed Production Technology of Vegetative propagated vegetables.
This document provides information on vegetative propagation in vegetables. It defines vegetative propagation as increasing the number of plants of a particular species through methods other than seeds, such as using rhizomes, corms, stolons, and tubers. Some advantages are that new plants are clones of the parent with identical genetics and can tolerate a wide range of growing conditions. Some disadvantages are reduced biodiversity and increased susceptibility to pests and diseases. Naturally vegetatively propagated vegetables include bulbs, rhizomes, stolons and tubers, while artificially propagated ones include cuttings, grafting, and tissue culture.
Botany of maize
This document provides information on the botany and morphology of maize. It describes the taxonomy of maize, placing it in the plant kingdom. It also details the nutritional value of maize and the plant morphology, including the leaves, roots, reproductive structures, seeds, and life cycle. The reproductive structures include the male tassel and female ear. Pollination occurs when pollen from the tassel falls on the silks of the ear. The life cycle takes 120-150 days from planting to maturity.
What is Lath houses?
Lath is a thin, narrow strip of wood used to support plaster on interior walls and ceilings. A lath house is a structure made of wooden strips or laths placed 5 cm apart that is used to protect and nurture young plants. Lath houses provide protection from hot winds, sunlight, and low temperatures while maintaining humidity. They can be covered with plastic sheeting in winter for additional protection from cold and are useful for raising seedlings, cuttings, and young rhododendron plants before planting in gardens.
1b peanut production
This document provides an introduction to peanuts, including their origin, uses, nutritional value, and production levels in key countries like India, China, and the US. It then discusses peanut botany, environmental requirements, varieties adapted to Guyana, and cultivation practices for peanuts in Guyana, including land preparation, liming, planting timing and techniques, and inoculation. Key details covered include the plant's herbaceous nature and underground fruit development, as well as soil, moisture, climate, and varietal characteristics suitable for Guyana's conditions.
Sugarcane ( Scientific cultivation of sugarcane crop)
India has the largest area under sugarcane cultivation in the world. Sugarcane is mainly grown in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu which also have the highest production. There are three main species of sugarcane cultivated. The crop requires tropical conditions and does best with temperatures between 26-32°C and annual rainfall of 75-120cm. Proper soil preparation, variety selection, fertilizer application, weed control and irrigation are important management practices for optimal yields. Pests like early shoot borer and diseases like red rot require control measures. Harvesting involves cutting cane at ground level when maturity is reached based on brix levels.
Dahlia series presentation
This document provides information on several series of dahlias and hibiscus cuttings produced and sold by Bosgraaf Greenhouses, including the history of the company and breeding programs that developed the plant varieties. It details the cultural requirements and sales opportunities for the Dahlietta, Gallery, Melody, Karma, Happy Single, Happy Days, and Dark Angel dahlia series, as well as the Sunny Cities hibiscus.
TRANSFORMATION TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE VIS-À-VIS AGRIBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
TRANSFORMATION TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE VIS-À-VIS AGRIBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIESKerala Agricultural University
TRANSFORMATION TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE VIS-À-VIS AGRIBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
Rin Rose Antony and Dr. Allan Thomas
Kerala Agricultural University
Agriculture is undergoing a huge transformation. In the past, agriculture was seen as a subsistence activity of farmers involving crop and livestock production. Today, agriculture has transformed as technology and market-oriented industry which extends from agricultural production to sophisticated agri-science, and agribusiness.Agricultural transformation is defined as a process that leads to higher productivity farms that are commercially oriented, which strengthens the link between farming and other sectors of the economy. The experience of the evolution of the agricultural sector over centuries tells us that the sector has evolved from being a basic food-gathering activity to an intensive production system due to population growth, increase in income, urbanization, technological revolution, and liberalization of international trade.The agricultural sector has tremendous potential for expansion of employment opportunities and consequently mitigating the levels of rural poverty. Agricultural transformation coupled with forward and backward linkages with industry is an emerging phenomenon (Chengappa, 2004). Achieving high growth is important. But, growth without inclusiveness and sustainability will not be useful. Agriculture transformation has to be viewed more holistically in terms of rural transformation and urban linkages. Hence there is a need to give a big push for Indian agriculture for transformation that helps in realizing farmers’ welfare.
Credit Seminar Presentation of PG student Ms. Rin Rose AntonyStrawberry cultivation
This document provides information on the production of strawberries. It begins by identifying strawberries' scientific name and family, and notes that they are native to France. It then discusses strawberries' introduction, morphology, climate needs, soil requirements, popular varieties, propagation through runners, planting methods, mulching, irrigation, nutrient needs, pollination, harvesting, and packaging. The key points covered are that strawberries are propagated through runners, prefer acidic soil, common varieties include Chandler and Tioga, and they are harvested when 50-75% colored for long distance markets.
Cashewnut
This document provides an overview of a presentation on cashew nut marketing and production. It begins with introductions to plantation crops in India and their economic importance. It then discusses key details about cashew nuts, including their history and introduction to India, climatic requirements, cultivation practices such as planting, fertilization and harvesting. The document also covers cashew nut processing, grading, exports and production in India. It concludes with strengths, weaknesses and strategies for growing cashew nuts. The overall presentation aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cashew nut cultivation and marketing in India.
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Research Paper on Vermiculture and Vermicomposting
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Mushroom cultivation and processing of agricultural products
Mushroom cultivation and processing of agricultural products
Seed Production Technology of Vegetative propagated vegetables.
Seed Production Technology of Vegetative propagated vegetables.
Sugarcane ( Scientific cultivation of sugarcane crop)
Sugarcane ( Scientific cultivation of sugarcane crop)
TRANSFORMATION TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE VIS-À-VIS AGRIBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
TRANSFORMATION TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE VIS-À-VIS AGRIBUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES
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Project report on mushroom cultivation in india, This Report Features how to mushroom cultivation especially oyster mushroom Cultivation
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This guide provides instructions for growing oyster mushrooms at home in Chennai, India. It explains that the ideal temperature range for mushroom growth is 25-28°C, which can be achieved in Chennai by keeping the grow bags in a cool, dark spot. The guide details the steps to prepare sterilized straw, inoculate it with mushroom spores, seal it in bags with air holes, and maintain moist conditions for 18 days until mushrooms sprout. Diagrams illustrate the layering of spore-inoculated straw and hanging of a wet sack to provide the necessary cool and humid microclimate for mushroom cultivation.
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The author grew oyster mushrooms on paper in the spring of 2011. They saw the mycelium grow rapidly and were excited to see signs that the mushrooms were growing. They experimented with using an autoclave and designing a moisture system, though the latter did not work. The exciting moments included seeing the non-rational aspects of the work and doing exactly what the online recipes instructed. The author learned that the work must be meaningful and related to their life for them to enjoy it. Oyster mushrooms can grow on many organic wastes and help reduce soil toxicity.
Related Literature and Related Studies
This document discusses the importance of reviewing related literature and studies when conducting research. It states that a review of existing materials provides the foundation for a proposed study by guiding the researcher and helping to identify a research problem or topic, understand the topic better, avoid duplicating other studies, locate additional sources of information, and design the research methodology. The document also outlines the characteristics, sources, and locations of related literature and studies that should be surveyed.
KVK Journal Special Issue on women empowerment
The document discusses a study on awareness of rural women in Ludhiana, India regarding government programs for women empowerment. Some key findings:
- Only a small percentage (18.3%) of respondents were aware of 2001 being declared Women Empowerment Year or related programs. Awareness of specific programs like Kishori Shakti Yojna and Sampooran Shiksha was even lower at 11.7% and 16.7% respectively.
- 30% of women had started using women-friendly technologies to reduce household drudgery and improve quality of life. However, none were utilizing credit facilities to start their own businesses to supplement family income due to lack of awareness of relevant schemes
Rice Varieties with Higher Yield and Stress Tolerant Traits for Cropping Syst...
Rice Varieties with Higher Yield and Stress Tolerant Traits for Cropping Syst...International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
The document discusses rice varieties developed for cropping systems in coastal Bangladesh that are tolerant to various abiotic stresses including salinity, submergence, and flash flooding. It provides a table listing rice varieties suitable for coastal areas and their traits. It also summarizes research conducted to develop new rice varieties such as BRRI dhan47 through marker-assisted backcrossing that can tolerate higher salinity levels and stabilize productivity in coastal regions.Mushroom Tortellini Soup & Creamed Corn Bread
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Bhutan Mushroom business plan
This document discusses plans to export masutake mushrooms from Bhutan to Singapore. Masutake mushrooms are an important natural resource and economic driver in Bhutan. The exporter aims to generate benefits for local communities and their company by expanding their market for this expensive mushroom, which is sustainably and organically grown primarily in Bumthang and Ura. They will utilize various marketing and business strategies to effectively position and implement their masutake mushroom product in Singapore.
Brain Finger Printing
This document provides an overview of brain fingerprinting, including:
1. It describes brain fingerprinting as a technique that uses EEG to measure brain responses to relevant and irrelevant stimuli to determine if information about a crime is stored in a subject's brain.
2. The technique involves presenting subjects with targets they know, probes relevant to a crime they may know about, and irrelevant stimuli while measuring EEG responses like the P300 wave.
3. It discusses the role of brain fingerprinting in criminal investigations, which involves phases of investigation to identify relevant probes, interviewing the subject, conducting the scientific brain fingerprinting test, and adjudication of guilt or innocence.
Dehydration characteristics of Oyster Mushroom
The document summarizes a study on the dehydration properties of oyster mushroom (Pleurotous sajor caju) under different pre-treatment conditions. Fresh, blanched, sulfited, and blanched & sulfited mushrooms were dried at 60°C in a cabinet dryer. Blanching reduced drying time from 6.5 to 5.33 hours on average. Blanched & sulfited mushrooms had the highest rehydration ratio of 3.12 and rehydration coefficient of 0.398. Sensory evaluation showed no significant differences between treatments. Overall, blanching and sulfiting improved drying and rehydration properties of oyster mushrooms.
Wallace tree multiplier
This document discusses Wallace tree multiplication. It begins by explaining the basic concept of a Wallace tree multiplier using 1-bit full adders to compress the number of bits at each stage. It then provides examples of 6x6 multipliers using Wallace trees. It notes that a 32-bit multiplier using this method would have 9 adder delays. Finally, it asks questions about extending this to a 64-bit multiplier and whether other compression schemes could reduce the delay further.
Active Suspension System
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Oyster
The document discusses oyster mushrooms, including that they are known as Pleurotus, have excellent nutritional value as a protein source, and can be cultivated using lignocellulosic waste materials. It provides details on the cultivation process, which involves chopping and soaking straw, applying spawn to prepared beds, maintaining proper temperature and humidity, and harvesting mature mushrooms. Key information covered includes common species of oyster mushrooms, their nutritional composition, and expected yields of over 500 kg of fresh mushrooms per ton of dry straw substrate.
A Report on Bidirectional Visitor Counter using IR sensors and Arduino Uno R3
The aim of our project is to make a controller which can sense if any person enters the room and it lights up the room automatically and also counts how many person are entering the room or going out of it.
Food and drink
The document provides information about typical foods and meals in England and Thailand. It discusses a full English breakfast including items like baked beans, toast, eggs, bacon, mushrooms, and sausage. It also describes the three main meals eaten in Thailand, which usually include rice along with meat, fish, noodles, curry and vegetables. For breakfast they often have rice soup with chicken or fish, and for lunch and dinner the dishes vary but include items like noodles, rice, and curry. It also notes foods not commonly eaten in Thailand like apples, potatoes, bread, and milk products.
Sniffer ppt
The document describes a sniffer device that can detect and locate lost mobile phones. The sniffer acts as a small base station that operates at a different frequency than mobile networks. It includes a unidirectional antenna and tracking software. The sniffer detects lost phones by their unique IMEI number stored in a database. When in range, it can communicate with lost phones and track their location to help recover them. The design aims to provide an inexpensive solution for locating lost phones, though it has limitations if phones have low battery or are in shadow areas with weak signals.
Cryocar
The document proposes a vehicle called the Cryocar that uses liquid nitrogen (LN2) at cryogenic temperatures as an energy storage medium. The Cryocar would have components like an expander engine to compress the LN2, a heat exchanger to warm the LN2 and extract its energy, and a cryogenic storage tank to hold the LN2. It is estimated that a 400 liter LN2 fuel tank could power the Cryocar for 300km at a very low operating cost compared to electric vehicles. The Cryocar is presented as a potential zero-emissions vehicle that could provide ample power for automobile use in a economical and compact design.
Sniffer for Detecting Lost Mobile
For the detection of lost mobile SNIFFER plays a vital role.The sniffer device has to be designed precisely and size should be reduced for easy mobility for the purpose of detection .
Bread
Here is my little journey from an historical recreation of early bread making to current economic and creativity theory.
Automatic room-light-controller-visitor-counter
This document provides a project report on an automatic room light controller with a bidirectional visitor counter. The report includes an abstract, introduction, list of components, schematic diagrams, hardware design and descriptions of the main components. The system uses an infrared sensor and microcontroller to sense when a person enters or exits a room and count the number of visitors. It controls a relay to turn the room light on or off depending on the visitor count. The report provides details of the circuit design and components used to realize this automatic light and visitor counting system.
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