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The document discusses responsivity and quantum efficiency of photodetectors. Responsivity is a measure of the output current per unit of incident light power and depends on the photodetector's quantum efficiency and internal gain. Avalanche photodiodes can have an internal gain above 1 due to impact ionization, whereas PIN diodes have a gain of 1. The maximum responsivity is determined by the material's bandgap energy, and absorption decreases at wavelengths much smaller or larger than the cutoff wavelength.
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1. Photons interact with matter through various processes depending on their energy level. Low energy photons mainly undergo coherent scattering, while intermediate energies result in the Compton effect. Higher energy photons above 1.02 MeV can undergo pair production.
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1. Photons can interact with matter through various processes including photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, pair production, and photodisintegration.
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It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
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Response time
- 1. Responsivity (ℜ) Quantum Efficiency (η) = number of e-h pairs generated / number of incident photons Avalanche PD’s have an internal gain M 0 / / pI q P h η ν = M p I M I = IM : average value of the total multiplied current M = 1 for PIN diodes mA/mW APD PIN Mℜ = ℜ 24.1 ηλ ν η ===ℜ h q P I o p
- 2. Responsivity When λ<< λc absorption is low When λ > λc; no absorption μm )( 24.1 eVEE hc gg c ==λ 24.1/ηλ=ℜ
- 3. Light Absorption Coefficient • The upper wavelength cutoff is determined by the bandgap energy Eg of the material. • At the lower- wavelength end, the photo response cuts off as a result of the very large values of αs.