The resource gap analysis found that while Bangladesh allocates resources to its tuberculosis (TB) program, there remains a funding gap that threatens its ability to achieve TB reduction targets. Between 2017-2022, the TB program was allocated a total of $274 million from both domestic and donor sources. However, the estimated total cost of providing adequate TB services over that period is $370 million, leaving a funding gap of $96 million. Without additional resources, Bangladesh will struggle to meet its goals of reducing TB deaths and cases in accordance with its national strategic plan and global targets.
Resource Gap for Public Sector Provision of the Essential Service Package in ...HFG Project
The document discusses estimating the resource gap for providing Bangladesh's essential health services package (ESP) through its public sector from 2017-2022. It analyzed available funding from the government budget and donors compared to estimated costs of delivering ESP services. The analysis found that revenue budgets fund most staff salaries while development budgets fund program activities. It estimated budgets allocated to ESP and costs of services to calculate the resource gap, which represents additional funds needed for ESP implementation. The results support Bangladesh's planning and transition toward universal health coverage.
Essential Package of Health Services and Health Benefit Plans Mapping BriefHFG Project
Many governments are scaling up health benefit plans, such as social health insurance, to increase population health coverage. This brief presents findings from a mapping between the services covered under the country’s prominent health benefit plan(s) to the country’s Essential Package of Health Services. The mapping analyzes the extent to which the plan(s) cover essential services
Agriculture Public Expenditure Workshop organized by the Strengthening National Comprehensive Agricultural Public Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa Program
Dar es Salaam, June 2013
Accra, Ghana, April 13-14, 2011
Agriculture Public Expenditure Workshop organized by the Strengthening National Comprehensive Agricultural Public Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa Program
Dar es Salaam, June 2013
Accra, Ghana, April 13-14, 2011
Agriculture Public Expenditure Workshop organized by the Strengthening National Comprehensive Agricultural Public Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa Program
Dar es Salaam, June 2013
Accra, Ghana, April 13-14, 2011
The document provides a commercial update for May 2016, including:
- STPs will require local health systems to collaborate on 5-year plans to improve quality, finances, and population health.
- Vanguards are sharing learning through podcasts on integrated care models.
- The Better Care Fund is being implemented for 2016/17 to further integrate health and social care.
- Capitation payments may be implemented in 2017 to support new care models.
- Emerging digital technologies may transform health and care delivery.
Agriculture Public Expenditure Workshop organized by the Strengthening National Comprehensive Agricultural Public Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa Program
Dar es Salaam, June 2013
Accra, Ghana, April 13-14, 2011
Resource Gap for Public Sector Provision of the Essential Service Package in ...HFG Project
The document discusses estimating the resource gap for providing Bangladesh's essential health services package (ESP) through its public sector from 2017-2022. It analyzed available funding from the government budget and donors compared to estimated costs of delivering ESP services. The analysis found that revenue budgets fund most staff salaries while development budgets fund program activities. It estimated budgets allocated to ESP and costs of services to calculate the resource gap, which represents additional funds needed for ESP implementation. The results support Bangladesh's planning and transition toward universal health coverage.
Essential Package of Health Services and Health Benefit Plans Mapping BriefHFG Project
Many governments are scaling up health benefit plans, such as social health insurance, to increase population health coverage. This brief presents findings from a mapping between the services covered under the country’s prominent health benefit plan(s) to the country’s Essential Package of Health Services. The mapping analyzes the extent to which the plan(s) cover essential services
Agriculture Public Expenditure Workshop organized by the Strengthening National Comprehensive Agricultural Public Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa Program
Dar es Salaam, June 2013
Accra, Ghana, April 13-14, 2011
Agriculture Public Expenditure Workshop organized by the Strengthening National Comprehensive Agricultural Public Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa Program
Dar es Salaam, June 2013
Accra, Ghana, April 13-14, 2011
Agriculture Public Expenditure Workshop organized by the Strengthening National Comprehensive Agricultural Public Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa Program
Dar es Salaam, June 2013
Accra, Ghana, April 13-14, 2011
The document provides a commercial update for May 2016, including:
- STPs will require local health systems to collaborate on 5-year plans to improve quality, finances, and population health.
- Vanguards are sharing learning through podcasts on integrated care models.
- The Better Care Fund is being implemented for 2016/17 to further integrate health and social care.
- Capitation payments may be implemented in 2017 to support new care models.
- Emerging digital technologies may transform health and care delivery.
Agriculture Public Expenditure Workshop organized by the Strengthening National Comprehensive Agricultural Public Expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa Program
Dar es Salaam, June 2013
Accra, Ghana, April 13-14, 2011
The document discusses conducting a Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural public spending in Sub-Saharan Africa. A PETS examines how funds budgeted for key agricultural programs are delivered to intended beneficiaries. It involves tracking spending through administrative levels using surveys. The methodology can range from simple to complex depending on country context. Key steps include preparatory work, sampling, data collection and analysis, and reporting findings and recommendations to improve service delivery and spending effectiveness. The timeline for a PETS is typically 5 months but may be longer for more complex surveys.
The document discusses the key points of the Indian budget for 2012-13, including:
1) The budget projects total expenditure of Rs. 14,90,925 crore for 2012-13, with a fiscal deficit target of 5.1% of GDP.
2) The health sector allocation has been increased by 14% to Rs. 30,702 crore, though there are concerns this does not adequately address issues.
3) The education sector allocation has been increased by 24% to Rs. 52,057 crore to support programs like the Right to Education Act and secondary education initiatives.
Essential Package of Health Services Country Snapshot Series: 24 Priority Cou...HFG Project
The document summarizes findings from analyzing essential packages of health services (EPHS) in 24 priority countries. Key findings include:
- 23 of 24 countries defined an EPHS, though specificity of packages varied. Most included the majority of priority reproductive and maternal health interventions.
- Countries delivered EPHS through community health workers and public facilities. Some used EPHS to standardize private sector provision.
- Governments addressed equity through EPHS-related policies on populations and financial protection, though mechanisms varied.
- Priority setting for EPHS appeared limited, with most listing all services rather than prioritizing based on resources. EPHS purposes also varied between guiding service delivery,
This document provides the methodology for assessing the My Choice/Revitalizing Family Planning in Indonesia initiative. It will use three types of controls or counterfactuals: historical trends in target districts, comparisons to matched non-target districts, and propensity score matching. Key indicators will be measured using routine government data systems, data from consortium partners, and new annual district surveys. The surveys will sample over 21,000 women across 11 districts to detect a 5 percentage point increase in modern contraceptive prevalence with 80% power.
UNICEF Child-sensitive Social Protection Brief: A costed strategy for expandi...Antonio Franco Garcia
Following the Government of Nepal’s commitment to expand the Child Grant programme to all families with young children, this brief presents a costed plan to continue the current policy of nationwide expansion of the Child Grant in preparation for the upcoming 2018/19 budget.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project in Angola helped the Ministry of Health develop a costed National Health Plan and monitoring and evaluation system to better advocate for health funding. Specifically:
1) HFG assisted MINSA in calculating a 12-year $6.3 billion budget to implement the National Health Plan, which helped gain approval and political support for increased health funding.
2) An M&E plan was developed and led to the creation of an M&E department at MINSA to track health spending and sector progress.
3) Efforts were made to establish a health accounting system to measure how funds are actually spent, but this was not completed due to a change in government leadership.
South Africa HIV and TB Expenditure Review 2014/15 - 2016/17. Executive SummaryHFG Project
The South African Government (SAG) and its development partners have mounted a formidable response to the world’s largest HIV epidemic and a persistent burden of tuberculosis (TB), the country’s leading killer. Nearly 4 million South Africans initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) by the end of financial year 2016/17, helping to curtail new infections and reduce the number of annual HIV-related deaths. Mortality from TB has also declined thanks, in part, to improved treatment success.
Despite progress, challenges remain. Roughly 3 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) lack treatment, and each year more than a quarter million are newly infected. Moreover, nearly a half million South Africans contract TB every year, with an increasing share affected by drug-resistant strains.
To effectively plan and steward the health system, the SAG routinely monitors programmatic and financial performance of the response to HIV and TB, including by tracking expenditure. Analysis of spending, including trends in sources, levels, geographic and programmatic distribution and cost drivers can help policymakers to assess whether resources are reaching priority populations, interventions, and hotspot geographies; to identify potential opportunities to improve allocative and technical efficiency; and to stimulate more productive dialogue at multiple levels of the system.
This review of HIV and TB expenditure in South Africa is an input to policy, planning and management processes within and amongst spheres of government and between government and development partners. The data have been especially useful to national and provincial programme managers as they perform their oversight functions, leading to improved spending of available resources. With 52 annexes, it also serves as an authoritative reference document detailing levels and trends in HIV and TB spending by the three main funders of the disease responses: the SAG, the United States Government (USG), primarily via the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (the Global Fund). The findings have informed South Africa’s report to the UNAIDS Global AIDS Monitor and the country’s forthcoming funding request to the Global Fund.
The document summarizes the proposed WHO Programme Budget for 2018-2019. It outlines some key similarities and differences from the previous budget, including reflecting the Sustainable Development Goals. The main proposed emphases are on health emergencies, universal health coverage, antimicrobial resistance, and ending preventable mortality. The total proposed increase is $319 million, with the largest increases for health emergencies ($140 million), polio eradication ($138 million), and antimicrobial resistance ($14 million). The document discusses next steps in the budget process and notes financing remains a challenge without an increase in assessed contributions.
Programme budgeting for health - Hélène Barroy, WHOOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Hélène Barroy, WHO, at the 7th meeting of the Joint OECD DELSA/GOV Network on Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems held at the OECD Conference Centre, Paris, on 14-15 February 2019
The document summarizes the proposed WHO program budget for 2018-2019. Some key points:
- The budget structure and priorities are similar to 2016-2017, continuing existing commitments and building on regional and global priorities.
- New elements include a revised structure for the Health Emergencies Programme and incorporation of the Sustainable Development Goals.
- The total proposed budget is $4.66 billion, an increase of $319 million from 2016-2017. Major increases are for the Health Emergencies Programme, antimicrobial resistance, and polio eradication.
- Feedback will be incorporated before the budget is finalized and approved by the World Health Assembly in May 2017.
Essential Package of Health Services and Health Benefit Plans Mapping BriefHFG Project
Many governments are scaling up health benefit plans, such as social health insurance, to increase population health coverage. This brief presents findings from a mapping between the services covered under the country’s prominent health benefit plan(s) to the country’s Essential Package of Health Services. The mapping analyzes the extent to which the plan(s) cover essential services.
- The Regional Plan for Implementation (RPI) of the WHO European Region's Programme Budget for 2018-2019 focuses on continuing priorities from the previous biennium with an emphasis on unfinished public health goals. It was developed through bottom-up priority setting with member states and alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals.
- The budget of $261.9 million, a 2% increase from the previous period, will focus on communicable diseases, antimicrobial resistance, priorities set by member states, and the WHO Health Emergencies Programme. Flexible funding will help support underfunded areas and country-level activities.
- Implementation will be measured by benchmarks and programmatic indicators presented to the 68th session of the
National Strategic Plan for Malaria Elimination in India (2017 2022).Anup Soans
The National strategy on malaria control has undergone a paradigm shift with the introduction of new interventions for case management and vector control, namely rapid diagnostic tests, artemisinin based combination therapy and long lasting
Insecticide impregnated nets. Modern concepts in monitoring and evaluation have]also been incorporated into the programme which take account of the new interventions. A Strategic Action Plan for malaria control has accordingly been prepared by the
Directorate of NVBDCP focussed around the package of these new interventions to decrease malaria transmission and increase access and improve quality of curative services over the 11th five year plan period (2007-12) and beyond.
NTEP status updates and plans for ending TB in IndiaRivu Basu
National Workshop for Medical Colleges Task Force to Accelerate Ending TB in India. The document outlines India's commitment to end TB by 2025, 5 years ahead of the global target. It discusses India's TB incidence and notification rates. It also summarizes the government's strategies like strengthening case finding, updated treatment guidelines, and new initiatives like the Subnational Certification for TB Free India program to bend the curve of the TB epidemic in India.
The document discusses extending the WHO's 13th General Programme of Work from 2019-2023 to 2025 and developing the Programme Budget for 2024-2025. It aims to accelerate progress towards health-related UN Sustainable Development Goals and targets. Key points include intensifying country support, measuring and reporting results, setting global and regional priorities based on data, and obtaining member state input on priority setting and resource allocation to improve impact. The process and timeline for member state consultation on the proposed Programme Budget extension and 2024-2025 budget are also outlined.
The document discusses gaps in Myanmar's health system that hinder progress on MDG goals related to child mortality. It identifies gaps in service delivery, program coordination, and human resources. The Health Systems Strengthening goal is to improve essential health services for mothers and children by strengthening coordination, planning, and human resources management. Key activities include expanding service access in remote areas, developing guidelines for coordinated township health plans, researching effective health financing schemes, and ensuring adequate staffing levels according to national standards. Outcomes will be measured by coverage indicators like DTP3 and skilled birth attendance rates.
Increasing Domestic Investment in AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: Global Fund...theglobalfight
Increasing Domestic Investment in AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: Global Fund Resource Mobilization in Implementing Countries
Among other things, we discuss:
-New Global Fund policies that promote implementing country investments
-Financing leveraged to date and expectations for additional increases
-On-the-ground examples of domestic resource mobilization
HFG Democratic Republic of Congo Final Country Report HFG Project
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project works to improve health systems in developing countries. Led by Abt Associates, the project helps countries increase domestic health funding, manage resources effectively, and make wise purchasing decisions. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the project worked with the Ministry of Health to strengthen governance and management under a decentralization reform. Key accomplishments included establishing and building capacity of new provincial health divisions, developing human resources standards and guidelines, and institutional strengthening of central directorates to support the reform.
Championing Sustainability, Namibia Funds Health AccountsHFG Project
In Namibia, donor funding for health dropped by 47 percent between 2009 and 2013. This sharp decline could have broad implications for the health sector—particularly Namibia’s HIV and AIDS response which relies heavily on donor resources. In light of declining donor resources for health, the Government of Namibia (GRN) is positioning itself to sustain health sector progress to-date, through investing in Health Accounts.
The document discusses conducting a Public Expenditure Tracking Survey (PETS) to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural public spending in Sub-Saharan Africa. A PETS examines how funds budgeted for key agricultural programs are delivered to intended beneficiaries. It involves tracking spending through administrative levels using surveys. The methodology can range from simple to complex depending on country context. Key steps include preparatory work, sampling, data collection and analysis, and reporting findings and recommendations to improve service delivery and spending effectiveness. The timeline for a PETS is typically 5 months but may be longer for more complex surveys.
The document discusses the key points of the Indian budget for 2012-13, including:
1) The budget projects total expenditure of Rs. 14,90,925 crore for 2012-13, with a fiscal deficit target of 5.1% of GDP.
2) The health sector allocation has been increased by 14% to Rs. 30,702 crore, though there are concerns this does not adequately address issues.
3) The education sector allocation has been increased by 24% to Rs. 52,057 crore to support programs like the Right to Education Act and secondary education initiatives.
Essential Package of Health Services Country Snapshot Series: 24 Priority Cou...HFG Project
The document summarizes findings from analyzing essential packages of health services (EPHS) in 24 priority countries. Key findings include:
- 23 of 24 countries defined an EPHS, though specificity of packages varied. Most included the majority of priority reproductive and maternal health interventions.
- Countries delivered EPHS through community health workers and public facilities. Some used EPHS to standardize private sector provision.
- Governments addressed equity through EPHS-related policies on populations and financial protection, though mechanisms varied.
- Priority setting for EPHS appeared limited, with most listing all services rather than prioritizing based on resources. EPHS purposes also varied between guiding service delivery,
This document provides the methodology for assessing the My Choice/Revitalizing Family Planning in Indonesia initiative. It will use three types of controls or counterfactuals: historical trends in target districts, comparisons to matched non-target districts, and propensity score matching. Key indicators will be measured using routine government data systems, data from consortium partners, and new annual district surveys. The surveys will sample over 21,000 women across 11 districts to detect a 5 percentage point increase in modern contraceptive prevalence with 80% power.
UNICEF Child-sensitive Social Protection Brief: A costed strategy for expandi...Antonio Franco Garcia
Following the Government of Nepal’s commitment to expand the Child Grant programme to all families with young children, this brief presents a costed plan to continue the current policy of nationwide expansion of the Child Grant in preparation for the upcoming 2018/19 budget.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project in Angola helped the Ministry of Health develop a costed National Health Plan and monitoring and evaluation system to better advocate for health funding. Specifically:
1) HFG assisted MINSA in calculating a 12-year $6.3 billion budget to implement the National Health Plan, which helped gain approval and political support for increased health funding.
2) An M&E plan was developed and led to the creation of an M&E department at MINSA to track health spending and sector progress.
3) Efforts were made to establish a health accounting system to measure how funds are actually spent, but this was not completed due to a change in government leadership.
South Africa HIV and TB Expenditure Review 2014/15 - 2016/17. Executive SummaryHFG Project
The South African Government (SAG) and its development partners have mounted a formidable response to the world’s largest HIV epidemic and a persistent burden of tuberculosis (TB), the country’s leading killer. Nearly 4 million South Africans initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) by the end of financial year 2016/17, helping to curtail new infections and reduce the number of annual HIV-related deaths. Mortality from TB has also declined thanks, in part, to improved treatment success.
Despite progress, challenges remain. Roughly 3 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) lack treatment, and each year more than a quarter million are newly infected. Moreover, nearly a half million South Africans contract TB every year, with an increasing share affected by drug-resistant strains.
To effectively plan and steward the health system, the SAG routinely monitors programmatic and financial performance of the response to HIV and TB, including by tracking expenditure. Analysis of spending, including trends in sources, levels, geographic and programmatic distribution and cost drivers can help policymakers to assess whether resources are reaching priority populations, interventions, and hotspot geographies; to identify potential opportunities to improve allocative and technical efficiency; and to stimulate more productive dialogue at multiple levels of the system.
This review of HIV and TB expenditure in South Africa is an input to policy, planning and management processes within and amongst spheres of government and between government and development partners. The data have been especially useful to national and provincial programme managers as they perform their oversight functions, leading to improved spending of available resources. With 52 annexes, it also serves as an authoritative reference document detailing levels and trends in HIV and TB spending by the three main funders of the disease responses: the SAG, the United States Government (USG), primarily via the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (the Global Fund). The findings have informed South Africa’s report to the UNAIDS Global AIDS Monitor and the country’s forthcoming funding request to the Global Fund.
The document summarizes the proposed WHO Programme Budget for 2018-2019. It outlines some key similarities and differences from the previous budget, including reflecting the Sustainable Development Goals. The main proposed emphases are on health emergencies, universal health coverage, antimicrobial resistance, and ending preventable mortality. The total proposed increase is $319 million, with the largest increases for health emergencies ($140 million), polio eradication ($138 million), and antimicrobial resistance ($14 million). The document discusses next steps in the budget process and notes financing remains a challenge without an increase in assessed contributions.
Programme budgeting for health - Hélène Barroy, WHOOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Hélène Barroy, WHO, at the 7th meeting of the Joint OECD DELSA/GOV Network on Fiscal Sustainability of Health Systems held at the OECD Conference Centre, Paris, on 14-15 February 2019
The document summarizes the proposed WHO program budget for 2018-2019. Some key points:
- The budget structure and priorities are similar to 2016-2017, continuing existing commitments and building on regional and global priorities.
- New elements include a revised structure for the Health Emergencies Programme and incorporation of the Sustainable Development Goals.
- The total proposed budget is $4.66 billion, an increase of $319 million from 2016-2017. Major increases are for the Health Emergencies Programme, antimicrobial resistance, and polio eradication.
- Feedback will be incorporated before the budget is finalized and approved by the World Health Assembly in May 2017.
Essential Package of Health Services and Health Benefit Plans Mapping BriefHFG Project
Many governments are scaling up health benefit plans, such as social health insurance, to increase population health coverage. This brief presents findings from a mapping between the services covered under the country’s prominent health benefit plan(s) to the country’s Essential Package of Health Services. The mapping analyzes the extent to which the plan(s) cover essential services.
- The Regional Plan for Implementation (RPI) of the WHO European Region's Programme Budget for 2018-2019 focuses on continuing priorities from the previous biennium with an emphasis on unfinished public health goals. It was developed through bottom-up priority setting with member states and alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals.
- The budget of $261.9 million, a 2% increase from the previous period, will focus on communicable diseases, antimicrobial resistance, priorities set by member states, and the WHO Health Emergencies Programme. Flexible funding will help support underfunded areas and country-level activities.
- Implementation will be measured by benchmarks and programmatic indicators presented to the 68th session of the
National Strategic Plan for Malaria Elimination in India (2017 2022).Anup Soans
The National strategy on malaria control has undergone a paradigm shift with the introduction of new interventions for case management and vector control, namely rapid diagnostic tests, artemisinin based combination therapy and long lasting
Insecticide impregnated nets. Modern concepts in monitoring and evaluation have]also been incorporated into the programme which take account of the new interventions. A Strategic Action Plan for malaria control has accordingly been prepared by the
Directorate of NVBDCP focussed around the package of these new interventions to decrease malaria transmission and increase access and improve quality of curative services over the 11th five year plan period (2007-12) and beyond.
NTEP status updates and plans for ending TB in IndiaRivu Basu
National Workshop for Medical Colleges Task Force to Accelerate Ending TB in India. The document outlines India's commitment to end TB by 2025, 5 years ahead of the global target. It discusses India's TB incidence and notification rates. It also summarizes the government's strategies like strengthening case finding, updated treatment guidelines, and new initiatives like the Subnational Certification for TB Free India program to bend the curve of the TB epidemic in India.
The document discusses extending the WHO's 13th General Programme of Work from 2019-2023 to 2025 and developing the Programme Budget for 2024-2025. It aims to accelerate progress towards health-related UN Sustainable Development Goals and targets. Key points include intensifying country support, measuring and reporting results, setting global and regional priorities based on data, and obtaining member state input on priority setting and resource allocation to improve impact. The process and timeline for member state consultation on the proposed Programme Budget extension and 2024-2025 budget are also outlined.
The document discusses gaps in Myanmar's health system that hinder progress on MDG goals related to child mortality. It identifies gaps in service delivery, program coordination, and human resources. The Health Systems Strengthening goal is to improve essential health services for mothers and children by strengthening coordination, planning, and human resources management. Key activities include expanding service access in remote areas, developing guidelines for coordinated township health plans, researching effective health financing schemes, and ensuring adequate staffing levels according to national standards. Outcomes will be measured by coverage indicators like DTP3 and skilled birth attendance rates.
Increasing Domestic Investment in AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: Global Fund...theglobalfight
Increasing Domestic Investment in AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: Global Fund Resource Mobilization in Implementing Countries
Among other things, we discuss:
-New Global Fund policies that promote implementing country investments
-Financing leveraged to date and expectations for additional increases
-On-the-ground examples of domestic resource mobilization
HFG Democratic Republic of Congo Final Country Report HFG Project
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project works to improve health systems in developing countries. Led by Abt Associates, the project helps countries increase domestic health funding, manage resources effectively, and make wise purchasing decisions. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the project worked with the Ministry of Health to strengthen governance and management under a decentralization reform. Key accomplishments included establishing and building capacity of new provincial health divisions, developing human resources standards and guidelines, and institutional strengthening of central directorates to support the reform.
Championing Sustainability, Namibia Funds Health AccountsHFG Project
In Namibia, donor funding for health dropped by 47 percent between 2009 and 2013. This sharp decline could have broad implications for the health sector—particularly Namibia’s HIV and AIDS response which relies heavily on donor resources. In light of declining donor resources for health, the Government of Namibia (GRN) is positioning itself to sustain health sector progress to-date, through investing in Health Accounts.
National Anti-TB Drugs and Laboratory Reagents and Supplies Quantification Ba...Golam Kibria MadhurZa
This document summarizes Bangladesh's 2012-2016 quantification of anti-tuberculosis drugs and laboratory reagents and supplies. It provides background on Bangladesh's TB control program and quantification process. The quantification aims to develop a 5-year forecast and 2-year supply plan to ensure adequate and sustainable availability of TB commodities. The results will guide evidence-based procurement and fill any supply gaps to achieve TB-related health goals.
The USAID Health Finance and Governance project, led by Abt Associates, works with developing countries to expand access to healthcare. It helps countries increase domestic health funding, manage resources effectively, and make wise purchasing decisions. The project provides technical assistance in over 40 countries on improving health financing, governance, management systems, and measuring universal health coverage progress.
Health System Reforms to Accelerate Universal Health Coverage in Côte d'IvoireHFG Project
The document summarizes health system reforms in Côte d'Ivoire to accelerate progress toward universal health coverage. Key reforms include improving funding and financial management through increased domestic resource mobilization and transparency measures. Service delivery is being strengthened by expanding maternal and child health services and ensuring drug availability. Governance is also being strengthened through audits of management risks and training inspectors to apply standardized financial controls at local levels.
Similar to Resource Gap for Tuberculosis Programme in Bangladesh, 2017-2022 (20)
This document outlines a training manual for a hospital costing workshop. It provides an agenda for the 3-day workshop covering topics like the fundamentals of costing, the MASH costing tool, and calculating unit costs. The workshop aims to teach participants how to conduct costing exercises to understand their hospital's costs and improve management. Sessions include introductions, an overview of costing concepts, the costing process, and a demonstration of the MASH tool which is an Excel-based framework for tracking and analyzing hospital resources, services, and costs.
Trinidad and Tobago 2015 Health Accounts - Main ReportHFG Project
This document summarizes the key findings of the 2015 health accounts report for Trinidad and Tobago. It finds that total health expenditure was 4.5 billion TT dollars in 2015, equivalent to 4.1% of GDP. The government financed 41% of health spending, while households financed 35% through direct out-of-pocket payments. Noncommunicable diseases accounted for the largest share of recurrent health spending at 42%. Out-of-pocket payments remain high, comprising over a third of total health expenditure. The report recommends strengthening government commitment to health financing, increasing risk pooling to reduce out-of-pocket spending, improving access to services, and institutionalizing ongoing health accounts estimations.
Guyana 2016 Health Accounts - Dissemination BriefHFG Project
The 2016 Guyana Health Accounts study found that:
1) Total health expenditure in Guyana was $28.6 billion (Guyanese dollars), with the government contributing 81% of funding.
2) The majority (71%) of health funds were spent on public health facilities like hospitals and clinics.
3) Most funds (64%) were spent on curative care services, while non-communicable diseases received the largest share (34%) of funds.
4) Government funding represents the largest source of financing for HIV/AIDS programs and services in Guyana, providing 62% of funds.
Guyana 2016 Health Accounts - Statistical ReportHFG Project
The document provides an overview of Guyana's 2016 Health Accounts methodology. It summarizes key aspects of the System of Health Accounts 2011 framework used, including boundaries, classifications, and definitions. Data was collected from government, households, NGOs, employers, insurers, and donors to track financial flows for health for 2016. The results help understand Guyana's health financing and answer questions on spending patterns.
Guyana 2016 Health Accounts - Main ReportHFG Project
The document summarizes the key findings of Guyana's first Health Accounts exercise for fiscal year 2016. It found that total health expenditure was G$ 28.6 billion, with the government contributing 81% of funding. Household out-of-pocket spending accounted for 9% of total spending. Non-communicable diseases received the largest share of spending at 34%. The analysis aims to inform strategic health financing decisions and assess domestic resource mobilization as external donor funding declines. Recommendations include increasing prevention spending and strengthening financial commitment to HIV programs.
The Next Frontier to Support Health Resource TrackingHFG Project
The document discusses challenges and opportunities for institutionalizing health resource tracking (HRT) in low- and middle-income countries. It identifies three key elements needed for institutionalization: strong demand for HRT data; sustainable local capacity to produce HRT data; and use of HRT results in policy and decision making. It outlines remaining challenges in each area and suggestions for future investments to address challenges, such as building understanding of HRT's value, maintaining local expertise, improving health information systems, and strengthening communication and use of HRT findings.
Rivers State has a population of over 7 million people from various ethnic groups. The main occupations are fishing, farming, and trading. The state has high rates of tuberculosis, neonatal and under-5 mortality, and HIV prevalence. Key stakeholders in health include the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Finance, and various agencies. The USAID Health Finance and Governance project worked to increase domestic health financing through advocacy, establishing a health insurance scheme, and capacity building. These efforts led to increased health budgets, establishment of healthcare financing units, and improved sustainability of health financing in Rivers State.
ASSESSMENT OF RMNCH FUNCTIONALITY IN HEALTH FACILITIES IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIAHFG Project
This document summarizes an assessment of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) services in health facilities in Bauchi State, Nigeria. It found that infrastructure like electricity, water and toilets were lacking in many facilities. There were also shortages of skilled healthcare workers, especially midwives, and staff training. While many facilities offered antenatal care and immunizations, availability of emergency obstetric and newborn care and services like postnatal care and post-abortion care were more limited. Supplies of essential medicines, equipment and guidelines were also often inadequate. Community outreach was provided by some facilities but could be expanded.
BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW 2012-2016 HFG Project
This document summarizes a public expenditure review of health spending in Bauchi State, Nigeria from 2012 to 2016. It finds that while Bauchi State's health budget increased over this period, actual health spending lagged behind budgeted amounts. Specifically, health spending accounted for a small and declining share of the state's total budget and expenditure. The review recommends that Bauchi State increase and better target public health funding to improve health outcomes and progress toward universal health coverage goals.
HEALTH INSURANCE: PRICING REPORT FOR MINIMUM HEALTH BENEFITS PACKAGE, RIVERS ...HFG Project
This document provides a pricing report for a Minimum Health Benefit Package (MHBP) being developed by Rivers State government in Nigeria. It analyzes the cost of 6 scenarios for the package, including individual and household premiums, based on medical claims data from hospitals in Rivers State from 2014-2017. The recommended annual premiums range from N14,026 to N111,734 for individuals and N79,946 to N636,882 for households, depending on the benefits included and the percentage of the state's population covered. The report provides context on data sources and actuarial assumptions used to determine the premiums.
The document is an actuarial report for Kano State's contributory healthcare benefit package in Nigeria. It analyzes 4 scenarios for the package - a basic minimum package alone or plus HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, or family planning services. The report finds that the estimated annual premium per individual would be between N12,180-N12,600 depending on the scenario, while the estimated annual premium per household of 6 would be between N73,081-N75,595. It provides these estimates by analyzing the state's population data, healthcare facilities, utilization rates, and costs to determine the risk premiums, administrative costs, marketing costs, and contingency margins for each scenario. The report recommends rounding the premium estimates and includes
Supplementary Actuarial Analysis of Tuberculosis, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA HEALTH...HFG Project
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Resource Gap for Tuberculosis Programme in Bangladesh, 2017-2022
1. Bangladesh Resource Gap for TB programme
1. Introduction
Bangladesh ranks sixth among the 22 countries with the
highest tuberculosis (TB) burden in the world.1
Bangladesh started its TB programme at the primary
health care level in the 1980s, adopted directly observed
treatment short-course or DOTS in 1993, and has
involved non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in TB
service delivery since 1994. After missing the TB
Millennium Development Goal in 2015,2
and to ensure
achievement of the TB target of the Sustainable
Development Goals by 2030,3
Bangladesh established a
more comprehensive TB programme immediately.
The overall goal of the National TB Control Programme
(NTP) under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
(MOHFW) is to reduce TB-related morbidity, mortality,
and transmission until the disease is no longer a public
health problem.4
Prevention and treatment of TB is part
of the essential service package (ESP) as reflected in the
Fourth Health, Population, and Nutrition Sector
Programme (4th
HPNSP) 2017-2022.5
The National
Strategic Plan for TB Control (2018-2022) describes key
interventions and activities that will enable the NTP to
achieve milestones in the global End TB Strategy.6
These include a 75% reduction in TB deaths and 50%
reduction in TB incidence by 2025, and a 95% reduction
in deaths and 90% reduction in incidence by 2035.
Bangladesh has sufficient fiscal space to increase the
budget allocation for health,7
but policymakers need
reliable evidence to advocate for an increased health
budget. USAID’s Health Finance and Governance (HFG)
project supported the Government of Bangladesh
(GOB) to generate evidence needed to plan for
Universal Health Coverage. This includes a resource gap
analysis for the ESP, including immunization and TB
services.8, 9
This brief provides an overview of the resource gap analysis
conducted by HFG for public sector provision of TB services
for 2017-2022.
2. Objectives
The resource gap analysis for Bangladesh’s TB
programme (2017-2022) was designed to:
• Analyze consolidated information on resources
available and estimated costs for implementation of
the TB programme per the 4th
HPNSP;
• Generate evidence on the resource gap to inform
policymakers how best to achieve targets in the
current plan and to support future planning; and
• Inform domestic resource mobilization initiatives of
GOB to better plan for eventual transition from
donor financing.
3. Methodology
HFG conducted resource modeling exercises for HIV,
TB, malaria, and nutrition programmes in other
countries undergoing donor transitions,10, 11, 12
and
applied a similar framework to estimate the future
resource gap (if any) for Bangladesh’s TB programme.
Figure 1 shows the framework and its components.
(A) Allocated Resources for the TB programme
come from two sources: domestic resources from
GOB and external resources or Project Aid
(PA).
• (A.R) Revenue budget is the fixed budget
allocation from GOB primarily for health facility
human resources (e.g., salaries, allowances, and
other benefits), which cover about 90% of the
revenue budget.
• (A1) GOB contribution to MOHFW for
the TB programme, including funding allocated
by GOB through Bangladesh’s revenue
budget.
Resource Gap for Tuberculosis
Programme in Bangladesh, 2017-2022
2. 2
4. Data Sources and Analysis
We compiled data on allocated resources (A) as
follows:
• Revenue budget (A.R) data was taken from
Bangladesh’s annual budget booksfor the Health
Services Division of MOHFW for FY2017-18.14
Both
the revised budget for FY2016-17 and the intended
budget for FY2017-18 were examined, specifically the
total amount for TB-specific health facilities and the
apportioned amount for TB services through the
general health system. For each year, budget amounts
were analyzed for 13 types of facilities (six
TB-specific hospitals, six health facilities/programme
offices supporting TB services, and one national office
managing the TB programme in Bangladesh). For each
type of facility, the budget was analyzed in six
categories (officer salaries, employee salaries,
allowances, supplies and services, repairs and
maintenance, and assets collection and procurement).
Revenue budget totals were projected using linear
best fit based on actual expenditure data from 2013
• (A.D) Development budget is generally more
flexible; it is channeled through the sector
programme and covers programmatic aspects, such
as: new diagnostic tools and equipment; intensive
effort for TB case identification; diagnosis and
management of multi-drug and extensively drug
resistant TB; training, research and development;
drugs and supplies; and monitoring and evaluation.
• (A1) GOB contribution to MOHFW for the TB
programme also includes funding allocated by GOB
through the development budget.
• (A2) Donor contribution includes external
resources from development partners allocated
towards the Operational Plan for 2017-2022 for
TB.
(B) Cost of TB Service Provision – TB service
costs were estimated as part of a wider study to
estimate the cost of ESP services in the public
sector. This study was conducted by HFG with
WHO Bangladesh and the International Centre for
Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh at the
request of the Health Economics Unit and Planning
Wing, using the OneHealth Tool. TB service costs
were estimated through a retrospective approach
based on 2016 aggregated budgets obtained from
TB implementing partners.13
Using the rate of
change in the GOB Operational Plan, the 2016
cost was projected to estimate the cost of TB
programmes from 2017 to 2022.
(C) Resource Gap for TB programme – this
represents the amount of additional resources GOB
will need to implement the TB programme and
achieve targets in the 4th
HPNSP. As depicted in
Figure 1, the resource gap is the difference between
allocated resources and the estimated delivery cost.
Bangladesh Resource Gap for TB Programme
Figure 1: Analytic Framework for Resource Gap Analysis for the TB Programme in Bangladesh
(A2)
Donor
Contribution
(A1)
GoB
Contribution
(C)
RESOURCE
GAP for TB
(B)
Cost of TB
Service
Provision
(A)
Allocated Resources for
TB
(A.R)
Revenue
Budget
(A.D)
Development
Budget
3. 5. Findings
A. Allocated Resources for TB Programme
The total resources allocated for TB in FY2017-18 is
Bangladesh Taka (BDT) 378 Crore, or United States
Dollar (USD) 47 million, which increases to BDT 487
Crore (USD 60 million) in 2021-22 (see Table 1). The
total GOB contribution for TB for the five-year period
is over BDT 1,232 Crore (USD 153 million), which
accounts for 56% of the total resources for TB. The
total donor contribution for TB is BDT 975 Crore
(USD 121 million), which accounts for about 44% of
the total resources allocated.
Figure 2 shows the three sources of development
budget (GOB, RPA, and DPA), as well as revenue
budget resources allocated to TB. While development
budget resources plateau from 2019-20 to 2021-22, the
revenue budget increases steadily. This is because the
revenue budget is calculated as a linear extrapolation of
the previous years’ data.
Salaries and benefits of staff in the health system take
up more than 70% of the revenue budget for TB with
28.7% for supplies and services. The development
budget for the TB programme is divided into four
broad line items: diagnosis and management of TB
(52.9%), drugs and supplies for TB (31.3%), human
resources (14.6%), and others (1.3%) (see Figure 3).
development budgets) follow Bangladesh’s fiscal year
(July through June).
The full report16
contains details of assumptions made
for each of the compiled data sets.
to 2016. The revenue budget allocation included
100% of the budget for TB-specific facilities (TB
clinics, TB hospitals, and TB reference hospitals).
Salaries and benefits under hospitals and health
facilities were apportioned based on assumptions
about contributions of each cadre to TB services.
The same proportion was also used for remaining
revenue budget (non-human resource items).
• Development budget (A.D) data was extracted
from the Performance Implementation Pans and
Operational Plans for TB, leprosy, and the AIDS/STD
programme15
of the 4th
HPNSP, which provided the
breakdown by funding from the GOB and Project Aid
(PA). The Operational Plan included the total
financial target for the TB programme (GOB and PA
combined) for each of the fiscal years 2017-2022, and
a breakdown of the grand total based on the source
of funds (GOB or PA). We extracted this data and
estimated the yearly breakdown for GOB and PA
using the same ratio for the grand total of each
Operational Plan.
Cost of TB Programme: Data on the cost of TB
Service Provision (B) was compiled from the ESP
Costing Report, and was based on the 2016
aggregated budget for TB from programme
implementers. Thiis includes drugs/supplies, human
resources, training, and behavior change
communication. In order to determine the resource
gap, data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel.
HFG converted the cost estimates for the TB
programme from calendar year to fiscal year by
combining half of each consecutive calendar year. This
is Because the allocated resource data (revenue and
3Bangladesh Resource Gap for TB Programme
YEAR (A.R) Revenue budget (A.D) Development
budget
(A) Total Allocated
Resources
(Crore
BDT)
(Million
USD)*
(Crore
BDT)
(Million
USD)*
(Crore
BDT)
(Million
USD)*
2017-18 169 21 210 26 378 47
2018-19 185 23 252 31 438 54
2019-20 204 25 239 30 442 55
2020-21 224 28 238 29 462 57
2021-22 246 31 242 30 487 60
Total 1,028 128 1,180 146 2,208 274
* Exchange rate used in 2017-2022: USD 1 = BDT 80.57
Table 1: Total Resources Allocated for TB Programme in Bangladesh
4. B. Cost of TB Service Provision
The calendar year total cost estimates were converted
to fiscal year cost estimates to align costs and allocated
resources. Table 2 shows the total cost of the TB
programme by fiscal year, 2017-2022. The total cost in
FY2017-18 was BDT 690 Crore (USD 86 million),
which is projected to increase to BDT 849 Crore (USD
105 million) in FY2021-22.
HFG calculation is based on MOHFW’s 2018 ESP
costing report where the estimated cost of TB
programme for 2016 is approximately BDT 600 Crore
(USD 78 Million). It is expected to increase to BDT 849
Crore (USD 105 Million) by 2022 to achieve
the implementation plan and service coverage targets of
the 4th
HPNSP (Table 3).
The cost data for the TB programme was collected
through aggregate budget line items (including
drugs/supplies, human resources, training, and social
and behavior change communication (SBCC)) obtained
from implementing partners. Therefore, it is possible
that the actual cost of implementing TB interventions in
the ESP might be underestimated, since they were not
estimated using standard protocols or norms.
Additionally, as noted in the MOHFW’s 2018 ESP
costing report, future costs were determined using
historical rates of change. This means they may not
reflect any policy or other plans for the next five years.
4 Bangladesh Resource Gap for TB Programme
Figure 2: Apportioned Budget for TB Programme
Figure 3: Distribution of Revenue and Development Budget
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
CroreTaka
Planned and Projected Revenue and Development Budget for
TB Programme in Crore BDT
42.5%
28.5%
0.3%
28.7%
Revenue Budget FY2017-18
Salaries Benefits
Repairs & Maintenance Supplies and Services
52.9%
31.3%
14.6%
1.3%
Development Budget FY2017-22
Diagnosis and
Management
of TB
Drugs and
supplies for TB
Human
Resources
Others
(A1) GoB contr. (A.R) Revenue Bud (A1) GoB contr. (A.D) Dev Bud
(A2) Donor contr. (A.D) Dev Bud (RPA) (A2) Donor contr. (A.D) Dev Bud (DPA)
5. C. Resource Gap for TB Programme in Bangladesh
According to this analysis, the allocated resources for
the TB programme cover about 60% of the required
amount for its implementation during 2017-2022. GOB
faces an annual gap of around BDT 300 Crore (USD 37
million), which will increase over the period, and totals
BDT 1,614 Crore (USD 200 million) (see Table 4 and
Figure 4). There is an approximate gap of 40% in the
resources required to implement the TB programme
each year.
The high development budget in FY2018-19 may be to
allow for rapid scale-up and implementation, as the
budget subsequently plateaus in FY2019-22. The
projected annual increase in the revenue budget
reflects GOB’s commitment to the health sector,
covering increased requirement in, for example, human
resources and infrastructure. Based on our allocations
and assumptions, we estimate a net increase in
allocated resources for TB across all five years.
5Bangladesh Resource Gap for TB Programme
Items 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 Total
(B) Cost of TB Programme (Crore BDT) 690 719 760 803 849 3,821
(B) Cost of TB Programme (Million USD*) 86 89 94 100 105 474
*Exchange rate used in 2016: USD 1 = BDT 78.3; 2017-2022: USD 1 = BDT 80.57
Table 2: Total Cost of TB Service Provision by Fiscal Year, 2017-2022, including health systems costs,
not including inflation
Table 3: Total Cost#
of TB Service Provision by Calendar Year, 2016-2022, including health
systems costs, not including inflation
Table 4: Resources, Cost#
, and Resource Gap for TB Programme, FY2017-22
Items 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Total cost of TB 614 681 700 738 781 825 873
Total cost of TB (Million USD*) 78 85 87 92 97 102 108
5,212
649
* Exchange rate used in 2016: USD 1 = BDT 78.3; 2017-2022: USD 1 = BDT 80.57
#
The cost of TB services does not include detail ingredient based cost of TB services; see methodology for details.
Year (A) Total
Allocated
Resources for TB
(B) Cost of TB Service
Provision
(C) Resource Gap for
TB
Gap as %
of Cost
(Cror
e
BDT)
(Million
USD*)
(Crore
BDT)
(Million
USD*)
(Crore
BDT)
(Million
USD*)
2017-18 378 47 690 86 (312) (39) 45%
2018-19 438 54 719 89 (281) (35) 39%
2019-20 442 55 760 94 (318) (39) 42%
2020-21 462 57 803 100 (341) (42) 42%
2021-22 487 60 849 105 (362) (45) 43%
Total 2,208 274 3,821 474 (1,614) (200) 42%
* Exchange rate used in 2016: USD 1= BDT 78.3; 2017-2022: USD 1 = BDT 80.57
# The cost of TB services does not include detail ingredient based cost of TB services; see methodology for details.
Total
6. HFG estimated the resource gap for the TB
programme in Bangladesh to be BDT 1,614 Crore
(USD 200 million) for the period FY2017-2022. This is
based on the plans and coverage targets as presented in
the PIP of the 4th
HPNSP.
Based on the findings of this analysis, the following next
steps are recommended in order to reduce the
resource gap for the TB Programme:
• Validate the findings: present and discuss these
results in a clear and practical way with wider
groups of GOB officials to validate and triangulate
the estimates. Then, if required, estimates could be
adjusted based on suggestions received. In-depth
interviews with donors are necessary to better
understand funding levels (this was beyond the
scope of this analysis).
• Mobilize resources from both domestic and
external sources: advocacy with the Ministry of
Finance and external partners is key. The mid-term
review of the 4th
HPNSP in 2019 presents an
opportunity to use these findings as an advocacy
tool. Donors such as the GFATM may provide
additional funds as part of their portfolio planning.
These additional resources would not only support
increased TB service coverage, but also prompt
broader health system strengthening in the longer
term.
• Increase efficiency in the health system: it will be
important to implement the TB programme
efficiently and make the health system more
efficient overall. An assessment could be
conducted to identify efficiency gains within the TB
programme.
The cost of TB activities may be underestimated as this
analysis used an aggregate budget obtained from
implementing partners, not an ingredients-based costing
approach for each TB intervention. This analysis should
be updated with better cost estimates by intervention,
as well as with any updated implementation plan targets
or commitments from domestic or external bodies.
Furthermore, the allocated resources, costs, and
resource gap for TB in Bangladesh should be compared
with the total expenditure by TB patients generated
from disease-specific accounts of the Bangladesh
National Health Accounts, which is currently ongoing
at the time of completion of this report.
In the context of 4th
HPNSP, the absolute amount of
the resource gap for the TB (USD 200 Million)
Programme is relatively small; the recommended next
steps listed above will help to reduce this gap.
6 Bangladesh Resource Gap for TB Programme
6. Way Forward
Figure 4: Estimated Resource Gap for TB Programme for FY2017-2022
7. 7. References
1
WHO TB: http://www.whoban.org/communicable_dis_tb.html.Accessed Sept. 26, 2017.
2
General Economics Division, Bangladesh Planning Commission, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. 2015. Millennium Development Goals:
Bangladesh Progress Report 2015. Dhaka, Bangladesh.
3
Sustainable Development Goals: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg3.Accessed Apr. 5, 2017.
4
WHO TB: http://www.whoban.org/communicable_dis_tb.html.Accessed Sept. 26, 2017.
5
Planning Wing, MOHFW, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. 2017. 4th Health, Population, and Nutrition Sector Programme (January 2017 - June
2022): Programme Implementation Plan, Better Health for a Prosperous Society,Volume-I. Dhaka, Bangladesh.
6
WHO. 2016. The EndTB Strategy: Global Strategy andTargets forTB Prevention, Care and Control after 2015. Dhaka, Bangladesh:
http://www.who.int/tb/post2015_TBstrategy.pdf.Accessed Sept. 26, 2017.
7
World Bank. 2016. Fiscal Space for Health in Bangladesh:Towards Universal Health Coverage.Washington DC, USA.
8
Akhter, S., Shepard, K.,Yesmin,A., Blanchet N. J., and Islam, M. 2018. Resource Gap for Public Sector Provision of the Essential Service Package in Bangladesh, 2017-2022.
Rockville, MD: Health Finance and Governance Project,Abt Associates.
9
Shepard, K.,Akhter, S.,Yesmin,A., Blanchet N. J., and Islam, M. 2018. Resource Gap for Public Sector Provision of the Expanded Programme on Immunization in
Bangladesh, 2017-2022. Rockville, MD: Health Finance and Governance Project, Abt Associates.
10
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Ministry of Health. Tracking Funding for Nutrition in Ethiopia Across Sectors. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
11
Chaitkin, M., O’Connell, M., and Githinji, J. 2017. Sustaining Effective Coverage for HIV,TB, and Malaria in the Context ofTransition in Kenya. Washington, DC: Results
for Development.
12
Fleisher, L., Mehtsun, S., and Arias, D. 2017. Sustaining Effective Coverage for HIV,TB, and Malaria in the Context ofTransition inTanzania. Washington, DC: Results for
Development.
13
MOHFW. 2018. Costs of the Bangladesh Essential Health Service Package: 2016-2022. Dhaka, Bangladesh: MOHFW, Government of the People's Republic of
Bangladesh.
14
Finance Division, Ministry of Finance, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. Annual Budget 2017-18, Health Services Division. Dhaka, Bangladesh.
15
Directorate General of Health Services, Health Services Division, MOHFW, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. 2017. 4th Health, Population
and Nutrition Sector Programme (4th HPNSP): Operational Plan:Tuberculosis, Leprosy and AIDS/STD Programme (TB-L& ASP) (January 2017 -June 2022). Dhaka,
Bangladesh.
16
Akhter, S., Shepard, K.,Yesmin,A., Blanchet, N. J., and Islam, M. 2018. Resource Gap Analysis for the Public Sector Provision of the Essential Service Package,Tuberculosis
and Expanded Programme on Immunization in Bangladesh, 2017-2022. Rockville, MD: Health Finance and Governance Project,Abt Associates.
7Bangladesh Resource Gap for TB Programme
8. Recommended citation:
Shepard, K.,Akhter, S.,Yesmin,A., Blanchet, N. J., and Islam, M. 2018. Resource Gap forTuberculosis Programme in Bangladesh, 2017-2022.
Rockville, MD: Health Finance and Governance Project,Abt Associates.
June 2018