Resilience
Why are Pyramids so Strong?
IF THINGS DO NOT GO 
AS EXPECTED 
Pilot Monitoring
Airbus Competencies 
Application of Procedures 
Communication 
Flight Path Management – Automation 
Flight Path Management – Manual 
Knowledge 
Leadership & Teamwork 
Problem Solving & Decision Making 
Situation Awareness 
Workload Management
Why is Resilience Important? 
The pilots had the 
Knowledge & Skills 
But on that day, under those circumstances… 
They didn’t or couldn’t…
Resilience 
‘The ability to recognise, absorb 
and adapt to disruptions’
Pyramids! Why are they so strong? 
Shape 
Raw 
Materials 
Strong 
Foundations 
Resilience
Stepped Pyramid – Chichen Itza
Resilience Pyramid 
• Threats 
• Errors 
• Distraction 
• Startle 
• Fatigue 
SA 
Task 
Sharing 
Communicate 
Navigate 
Fly - Automation 
Monitoring 
Fly – Manual Strong Foundation
Practical Training
Practical Training - Experience 
SA 
Comms 
Task Sharing 
Navigate 
Fly - Automation 
Fly – Manual 
SA 
Task Sharing 
Comms 
Navigate 
Fly - Automation 
HighF lyR –eMsainluiael nce 
Low Resilience
Practical Training – Initial Training 
• Skill Test 
• LOFT 
• Advanced Handling - Malfunctions 
• Engine out Procedures & Flying 
• Advanced Handling - Environment 
• Management of Malfunctions 
• Operate in Non Normal 
• Normal Operations 
• Hand on Stick – Normal Flying 
• Standard Operating Procedures 
• Systems Knowledge
Student 
F/O 
Command 
Training 
Training for this
LOC 
Unusual or 
non standard 
circumstances 
Pre-packaged 
flight planning 
Automated 
flight
Intellectual & Physical Skills 
REPLACED BY 
Soft Skills & Automation 
Management
Cynically Challenging 
NOW 
Readily Accepts
Pilots need to be 
Trained to Mitigate the Risks 
Of the Unpredictable
Qantas QF32 - Uncontained 
failure of No.2 engine 
Shrapnel punctures; 
 Wing 
 Fuel system 
 Hydraulic system 
 Brakes 
 Flaps 
 Engine controls
“AFTER FINDING THE PLANE CONTROLLABLE” 
50mins 
1hr 45mins
“We’ve got a situation where there is fuel, hot 
brakes and an engine that we can’t shut down 
and really the safest place was on board the 
aircraft until things changed.”
Tech Skills 
Effective 
Resilience 
Experience No Techs
“I never knew in 42 years that there would be 208 
seconds on which my entire career would be judged.” 
Sullenberger
Resilience 
The Primary Goal of Training

Improving Resilience in Pilot Training

  • 1.
  • 2.
    Why are Pyramidsso Strong?
  • 3.
    IF THINGS DONOT GO AS EXPECTED Pilot Monitoring
  • 4.
    Airbus Competencies Applicationof Procedures Communication Flight Path Management – Automation Flight Path Management – Manual Knowledge Leadership & Teamwork Problem Solving & Decision Making Situation Awareness Workload Management
  • 5.
    Why is ResilienceImportant? The pilots had the Knowledge & Skills But on that day, under those circumstances… They didn’t or couldn’t…
  • 6.
    Resilience ‘The abilityto recognise, absorb and adapt to disruptions’
  • 7.
    Pyramids! Why arethey so strong? Shape Raw Materials Strong Foundations Resilience
  • 8.
    Stepped Pyramid –Chichen Itza
  • 9.
    Resilience Pyramid •Threats • Errors • Distraction • Startle • Fatigue SA Task Sharing Communicate Navigate Fly - Automation Monitoring Fly – Manual Strong Foundation
  • 10.
  • 11.
    Practical Training -Experience SA Comms Task Sharing Navigate Fly - Automation Fly – Manual SA Task Sharing Comms Navigate Fly - Automation HighF lyR –eMsainluiael nce Low Resilience
  • 12.
    Practical Training –Initial Training • Skill Test • LOFT • Advanced Handling - Malfunctions • Engine out Procedures & Flying • Advanced Handling - Environment • Management of Malfunctions • Operate in Non Normal • Normal Operations • Hand on Stick – Normal Flying • Standard Operating Procedures • Systems Knowledge
  • 13.
    Student F/O Command Training Training for this
  • 14.
    LOC Unusual or non standard circumstances Pre-packaged flight planning Automated flight
  • 15.
    Intellectual & PhysicalSkills REPLACED BY Soft Skills & Automation Management
  • 16.
    Cynically Challenging NOW Readily Accepts
  • 17.
    Pilots need tobe Trained to Mitigate the Risks Of the Unpredictable
  • 18.
    Qantas QF32 -Uncontained failure of No.2 engine Shrapnel punctures;  Wing  Fuel system  Hydraulic system  Brakes  Flaps  Engine controls
  • 19.
    “AFTER FINDING THEPLANE CONTROLLABLE” 50mins 1hr 45mins
  • 20.
    “We’ve got asituation where there is fuel, hot brakes and an engine that we can’t shut down and really the safest place was on board the aircraft until things changed.”
  • 21.
    Tech Skills Effective Resilience Experience No Techs
  • 22.
    “I never knewin 42 years that there would be 208 seconds on which my entire career would be judged.” Sullenberger
  • 23.
    Resilience The PrimaryGoal of Training

Editor's Notes

  • #4 By PF changing the level of automation By PF reverting to manual flight By PNF taking action, actively monitoring and more! Question Challenge Take Over The New Golden Rules – PNF Actively - Pilot Monitoring
  • #6 In almost every case, the pilots had the knowledge and skill. However for some reason, on that day, under those circumstances, they didn’t or couldn’t…. Why? What can we do about it?
  • #7 We can use a theory that some are referring to as RESILIENCE. Culmination of all our: Experience and ability The competencies applied in real life! Examples Qantas QF 32 or Baghdad or United 282 – Sioux City. Thinking outside the box…. Resilience is the primary goal of training.
  • #11 Experience Initial Training Recurrent Trianing
  • #13 Start with the easiest and finish with the most complicated. Focus on manual flying skills.
  • #15 Our Pilot exposure is now limited to pre-packaged flight planning, followed by automated flight. When ­circumstances are unusual or non-standard, lack of resilience has lead to fatal loss of control. LOC now the biggest killer accident category this century.
  • #16 "The intellectual and physical skills once ­required of the pilot have largely been replaced by an emphasis on 'soft skills' and ­automation management,"
  • #17 "The pilot who once cynically challenged sources of information now readily accepts information from a variety of sources, many computer-generated, without question."
  • #18 "The pilot who once cynically challenged sources of information now readily accepts information from a variety of sources, many computer-generated, without question."
  • #20 The crew “AFTER FINDING THE PLANE CONTROLLABLE” Took 50 minutes to complete assessment of damage 1 hour 45 minutes later they landed
  • #24 Monarch logo to be hyperlink to PDF document.