Raefer Wallis is the principal of A00 Architecture and GIGA. Bridging the gap between IT, material science and the built environment, his software is used by the world’s largest developers and design firms while being designed to accelerate environmental regeneration. Recipient of numerous awards for design and design sustainability, he lectures extensively both in China and Internationally. He received his masters degree in Architecture at McGill University in Montreal, Canada prior to setting up his Shanghai practice in 2004. After doing numerous RESET certified pilot projects, Raefer talks about how it has become clear that it is also possible to use HVAC systems to save energy.

1. TM RESET REGENERATIVE ECOLOGICAL SOCIAL & ECONOMIC TARGETS
具有再⽣生作⽤用的⽣生态, 社会和经济⺫⽬目标
PROJECT CERTIFICATION FOR
HEALTH & WELLNESS
Indoor Air Quality Criteria
PILOT PROJECT
重生

2. RESET TM
why?
Lung cancer has risen 56% in Beijing over a
decade, mainly due to air pollution. [1]
Cancer is the leading cause of death in China,
with lung cancer claiming the most mortalities. [2]
410,000 people (and rising) die each year due
to air pollution in China. [3]
[1] Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, 2011
[2] He J, Gu D, Wu X, et al. Major causes of death among men and women in China. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(11):1124–34.
[3] Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, 2009

3. RESET TM
why?
Indoor PM2.5 levels are about 75% of outdoor levels. Buildings tend to be negatively
pressurized, pulling particulates indoors and adding them to indoor chemical gasses. [1]
Formaldehyde in more than 92% of Chinese households is above the maximum allowable
standard. 76% of the households are 5 times higher than the standard. [2]
Concentration of individual indoor air pollutants can easily be 100x worse than outside. [3]
The average person in Shanghai and Beijing spends 91% of their time indoors. [4]
[1] PureLivingChina. Data taken over 600 projects across Shanghai and Beijing.
[2] Center for disease control in China, 2014
[3] PureLivingChina. Data taken over 600 projects across Shanghai and Beijing.
[4] GIGA. Survey in 2010 across 250 people

4. RESET TM
why?
Children are more susceptible because their immune systems are not yet fully developed and they
breathe in 50% more air per kilo of body weight than adults. [1]
PM 2.5 exposure has been correlated with birth weight deficits of 189g and smaller birth
lengths of 1.1cm in male infants. [2]
[1] "Children at Risk" Clean Air Task Force, May 2002
[2] “Gender differences in fetal growth of newborns exposed prenatally to airborne fine particulate matter.” Wieslaw Jedrychowski, US National Library of Medicine National Institute of Health, Sept 30, 2013

5. Good Materials
(documented low - no VOC)
Good Lungs
(filtering and air exchange)
Good Results
(continuous monitoring)
+ =

6. 15.3 113.5
x 8
72 m3 = 28μg/m3

7. 20%
15.3 113.5
x 8
72 m3 = 28μg/m3

9. 80%

10. RESET Indoor Air Quality (IAQ)
Changing the industry.
RESET™ provides an alternative to standard industry practise in which spaces are flushed out, tested,
certified and unknowingly left to climb back up to hazardous levels.
Hazardous: Beyond measurable level
CONSTRUCTION
PHASE
Healthy level
FLUSH-OUT
PHASE
(PASS)
OCCUPANCY
PHASE
0 Time

11. NRDC Tishman Speyer Glumac
PILOT PROJECT
CERTIFIED
Lend Lease MMoser

14. GLOBAL CO2
405
OFFICE CO2
280

20. Executive Summary:
Particulate Matter (PM)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Temperature
Relative Humidity (RH)
Total Volatile Organic Compounds
(Chemicals)
Good Moderate Sensitive Unhealthy Very Unhealthy
Healthy
Unhealthy

21. Bedroom: Particulates (PM2.5) 24-Hour Testing Period
Good Moderate Sensitive Unhealthy Very Unhealthy

22. Total Volatile Organic Compounds(Chemicals): 1 Week Testing Period
Good Moderate Unhealthy
• Absolute level: 2-10 times the healthy level.
• Patterns: drops when HVAC in operation and builds up when HVAC system not on and during non-office
hours
• Influencing factors: building materials and ventilation

24. Carbon Dioxide: 3 Day Testing Period
Good Moderate Sensitive Unhealthy Very Unhealthy
• Absolute level: Of concern. Levels hover between Moderate and Very Unhealthy.
• Patterns: Predictable. Directly related to occupancy. Slightly accelerated decrease at ~6am.
• Influencing factors: Highly insufficient fresh air supply

25. Relative Humidity (RH) 1 Week Testing Period
Good Moderate Sensitive Unhealthy Very Unhealthy
• Absolute level: consistently elevated, possibly leads to mold growth and pesticide proliferation
• Patterns: minor spikes in morning and evening
• Influencing factors: HVAC system lacks dehumidification function.

26. Relative Humidity (RH) 3 Day Testing Period
Good Moderate Sensitive Unhealthy Very Unhealthy
• Absolute level: consistently elevated, possibly leads to mold growth and pest proliferation
• Patterns: Humidity drops when HVAC is turned on.
• Influencing factors: HVAC system lacks sufficient dehumidification function.

27. Temperature: 1 Week Testing Period
Good
• Absolute level: comfortable level
• Patterns: Temperature drops when HVAC system is on during office hours
• Influencing factor: HVAC system settings and outdoor temperature

28. Temperature: 3 Day Testing Period
Good
• Absolute level: comfortable level
• Patterns: Temperature drops when HVAC system is on during office hours
• Influencing factor: HVAC system settings and outdoor temperature

29. Example Floor Plan
VER-F Units
IAQ Monitor
CCS Server

31. LESSONS LEARNED
FROM MONITORING

32. DEHUMIDIFY
AIR CONDITION LESS

33. LIVING TECHNOLOGY
VENTILATE LESS

34. MONITORING + BMS
ADJUST TO OCCUPANCY.