This document discusses research-based instructional strategies and lists Robert Marzano's top nine teaching strategies ranked by their effect size on student achievement. The top strategy is comparing, contrasting, classifying, analogies, and metaphors, which has an effect size of 1.61 and increases student achievement by 45 percentile points. The second strategy is summarizing and note-taking with an effect size of 1.0 and 34 percentile points. The third strategy is reinforcing effort and giving praise with an effect size of 0.8 and increases achievement by 29 percentile points.

1. INSTRUCTIONAL
STRATEGIES

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INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES
- Positive Reinforcement
- Scaffolding
- Inquiry-Based Approach
- KWL
- Constructivism
- Multiple Intelligences
- Dale’s Cone of Experience
- Brainstorming
- Independent Learning Theory

5. Here are Marzano’s top nine teaching strategies in order
of effect size (i.e., actual effect on student achievement):
1.Comparing, contrasting, classifying, analogies,
and metaphors. (Effect size=1.61 or 45 percentile
points)
2.Summarizing and note-taking. (Effect size=1.0 or 34
percentile points)
3.Reinforcing effort and giving praise. (Effect
size=0.8 or 29 percentile points
4.Homework and practice. (Effect size=0.77 or 28
percentile points)

6. 5. Nonlinguistic representation. (Effect size=0.75 or
27 percentile points)
6. Cooperative learning. (Effect size=0.74 or 27
percentile points)
7.Setting objectives and providing feedback. (Effect
size=0.61 or 23 percentile points)
8.Generating and testing hypotheses. (Effect
size=0.61 or 23 percentile points)
9.Cues, questions, and advanced organizers. (Effect
size=0.59 or 22 percentile points)

11. Here are Marzano’s top nine teaching strategies in order
of effect size (i.e., actual effect on student achievement):
1.Comparing, contrasting, classifying, analogies,
and metaphors. (Effect size=1.61 or 45 percentile
points)
2.Summarizing and note-taking. (Effect size=1.0 or 34
percentile points)
3.Reinforcing effort and giving praise. (Effect
size=0.8 or 29 percentile points
4.Homework and practice. (Effect size=0.77 or 28
percentile points)