This document is a research proposal submitted by Mohammad Norshim Bin Mohamed Hashim to study the effectiveness of student involvement in leadership at UiTM Shah Alam. The study will use a quantitative questionnaire to examine students' perceptions of how leadership skills, personality, and motivation affect the effectiveness of leadership involvement. The literature review discusses theories of leadership, the role of personality and motivation in leadership, and establishes a conceptual framework linking leadership to personality and motivation. The methodology describes the quantitative research design using random sampling of 60 students and a questionnaire to collect data on students' perceptions.

1. RESEARCH PROPOSAL
“THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INVOLVEMENT IN LEADERSHIP AMONG UITM SHAH
ALAM STUDENT”
By
MOHAMMAD NORSHIM BIN MOHAMED HASHIM
2013909815
ED705: MASTER OF EDUCATION IN EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT AND
LEADERSHIP

2. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INVOLVEMENT IN LEADERSHIP AMONG UITM SHAH ALAM
STUDENT
MOHAMMAD NORSHIM BIN MOHAMED HASHIM
2013909815
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
SHAH ALAM
2014

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1..........................................................................................................................................5
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................5
1.1 Background of the study.........................................................................................................6
1.2 Statement of the Problem ......................................................................................................6
1.3 Research Objectives................................................................................................................7
1.5 Significance of the study.........................................................................................................8
1.6 Limitation of the study............................................................................................................8
1.7 Definition of Terms .................................................................................................................9
1.7.1 Leadership.......................................................................................................................9
1.7.3 Personality ......................................................................................................................9
1.7.4 Motivation.....................................................................................................................10
1.8 Summary...............................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER 2........................................................................................................................................11
2.0 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................11
2.1 Leadership.............................................................................................................................11
2.3 Motivation in Leadership......................................................................................................13
2.1 Conceptual Framework........................................................................................................14
2.3 Summary...............................................................................................................................14
CHAPTER 3........................................................................................................................................15
3.0 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................15
3.1 Research Design....................................................................................................................15
3.1.1 Quantitative Method ....................................................................................................15
3.2 Research Sampling................................................................................................................16
3.3 Research Instrument.............................................................................................................16
3.4 Data Collection......................................................................................................................16
3.5 Data Analysis.........................................................................................................................17
3.6 Summary...............................................................................................................................17

4. BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................................................18
APPENDICES A.................................................................................................................................19

5. CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
Leadership is something that is very important in an organization is not limited to
groups and associations but also very important in the country's administrative system. A
person who has a role as a leader should have a strong endurance physically, mentally and
emotionally. But it should be noted, a leader must be visionary and dedicated in position of
trust as a leader and should have skills in administration and management to ensure the
organization can lead to success.
According to a statement from John Adair in his book, ‘Develop your leadership skills’
has stated that leadership skills have now been universally recognized as a key ingredient in
management. People often debate the differences and similarities of leadership and
management. But the majority of practical people are interested primarily in what they have
to do and not whether it should be labeled ‘leadership’ or ‘management’ or both. (John Adair,
2007).
Referring to the statement of John Adair, we can conclude that leadership and
management are interdependent and complementary to each other. Based on the quotes
that are often used by an expert in the management namely Peter F. Drucker, he has stated
that management is doing things right while leadership is doing the right things. The
following statements provide an understanding of the world of management, where
leadership and management are needed each other especially in managing an organization.

6. 1.1 Background of the study
Leadership remains one of the oldest domains of management research and
research clearly links managerial leadership to positive consequences for both the
individual and organizations, including financial performance. Also, substantial
evidence demonstrates that sound managerial leadership practice is critical to
creating effective organizations (Lussier and Achua, 2013).
According to John P. Kotter in his article entitled 'What leaders really do' state
Leadership is different from management but not for the reason most people think.
Leadership isn’t mystical and mysterious. It is nothing to do with having charisma or
other exotic personality traits. Actually, not even leadership necessarily better than
management or a replacement for it (John P. Kotter, 1990).
As a student who has always been considered a noble as it will be an
example to the community, the role of a leader must exist and be available at all
students. As always, students may be a leader in the future. Therefore, they need to
equip themselves with various skills especially leadership skills.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Although at present, leadership skills are very important in every individual
but many still pay less attention to the advantages of learning and understanding
skills, especially in the student's own self. For some students, they felt leadership
skills can only be learned by some and they still lack of confidence to try and get
involved in the program and also associations require them to act as a leader.
According to a statement from Lussier and Achua, they stated that effective
leaders are not simply born or made. They are born with some leadership ability and
develop it (Lussier and Achua, 2013). Based on the statements made, the conclusion
can be explained that everyone is able to become a leader they just need to try and

7. learn to get the skills. As is known, many studies have been made to state
leadership skills are very important in a person but many still ignore it. The situation
is getting more difficult when students in our country still lacked the leadership skills
within themselves and when asked to be a leader in an organization they are off
guard and difficult to lead.
Therefore, efforts to restore the confidence they need to be implemented as
soon as possible to solve this problem. Understanding and explanation of exactly
needs to be done to attract the students to learn and understand the importance of
engaging in leadership.
1.3 Research Objectives
The objectives of this research are:
1. To identify the perceptions of students towards the effectiveness leadership
skill to students when involving in Leadership.
2. To investigate the perceptions of students towards the effectiveness in terms
student’s personality when involving in Leadership.
3. To determine the perceptions of students towards the effectiveness in terms
of student’s motivation when involving in Leadership.
1.4 Research Questions
The research questions of this research are:
1. What are the perceptions of students towards effectiveness leadership skills
to students when involving in Leadership?
2. What are the perceptions of students towards effectiveness in terms student’s
personality when involving in Leadership?

8. 3. What are the perceptions of students towards effectiveness in terms of
student’s motivation when involving in Leadership?
1.5 Significance of the study
This study is very and significant for university students who want to increase
at their self-confidence and leadership skills when involving in leadership. This study
is also important for students to understand the importance, advantages and
effectiveness when engaging in leadership particularly effective in terms of
leadership skills, personality and emotion.
Furthermore, it is hoped that this study will benefit as a reference to the MOE
in particular schools and university throughout Malaysia in providing information and
a clear understanding and also the perception of students towards the importance
and effectiveness when engaging in leadership.
1.6 Limitation of the study
This main limitation of this research is that only focused on the perceptions of
students towards the effectiveness involve in leadership among university students.
Thus, this study was conducted among students in Faculty of Education UiTM Shah
Alam. The findings of the study cannot be generalized to all university nationwide.
Another limitation of this study is the duration is quite short for conducting this study.

9. 1.7 Definition of Terms
In this study, there are several terms that need to be defined:
1.7.1 Leadership
According to Lussier and Achua in their book titled ‘Leadership: theory,
application and skill development’, they stated that leadership is influencing
process of leaders and followers to achieve organizational objectives through
change. The topic of leadership has generated excitement and interest since
ancient times. When people think about leadership, images come to mind of
powerful dynamic individuals who command victorious armies, shape the
events of nations, develop religions or direct corporate empires (Lussier and
Achua, 2013). In this study, leadership should be given greater emphasis to
develop a better character to students. In addition, every student should be
exposed and also an understanding that participation in leadership could
provide an advantage and strength to themselves.
1.7.3 Personality
The personality characteristics regarded as belonging to transformational
leaders include for example: creativity, novelty, innovativeness, a tendency to
risk, courage, believing in people, being value-driven, being life-long learners,
pragmatism, nurturing, feminine attributes and self-confidence (Tiina and
Maarit, 2013). In this study, student perceptions toward personality of
individuals who engage in leadership are emphasized. This is to make sure
and also to prove either engages in leadership provides efficiency in terms of
personality or not.

10. 1.7.4 Motivation
According to Lussier and Achua (2013), they stated that motivation is
anything that affects in pursuing a certain outcome. Success in motivation
includes effort, commitment, being engaged, practices and persistent.
Motivation is an important leadership topic because leadership competencies
include the ability to motivate employees. Thus, as leader and important part
of our job is to motivate our followers. In this study, student perceptions
toward personality of individuals who engage in leadership are emphasized.
This is intended to clarify whether a person who engages in leadership has a
good level of motivation and also they are able to motivate other students.
1.8 Summary
This chapter has covered the background of study, the statement of the
problem, the research objectives, the research questions, and the significance of the
research, the limitation of this study and the definitions of term of this study. The
literature review of the topics related to this study will be presented in the next
chapter.

11. CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
This chapter presented a literature review concerning a critical look at the
existing research that has significance on the study. Literature review is done by
consulting other researcher work in order to understand and investigate the problem
of the study. This review is important to suggest what knowledge and ideas have
been established in this study.
2.1 Leadership
Leadership has been described as a process of social influence in which one
person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a
common task (Chemers M, 1997). A leader is someone who is able to influence
others to follow. According to a statement from Lussier and Achua, influencing is the
process of a leader communicating ideas, gaining acceptance of them and motivating
followers to support and implement the ideas through change. Effective leaders have
the ability to influential others. Leaders gain the commitment and enthusiasm of
followers who are willing to be influenced.
Effective leaders influence followers to think not only of their own interests but
also of the interest of the organizations through a shared vision. Leadership occurs
when followers are influenced to do what is ethical and beneficial for the

12. organizations and themselves. Taking advantage of followers for personal gain is not
part of leadership. Members of the organizations need to work together towards an
outcome that the leader and followers both want a desired future or shared purpose
that motivates them towards this more preferable outcome (Lussier and Achua,
2013).
According to Jefferey Preffer (1976), Belief in the importance of leadership is
frequently accompanied by belief that persons occupying leadership positions are
selected and trained according to how well they can enhance the organization’s
performance. Belief in a leadership effect leads to development of a set of activities
oriented towards enhancing leadership’s effectiveness. Simultaneously, persons
managing their own careers are likely to place emphasis on activities and developing
behaviors that will enhance their own leadership skills, assuming that such a strategy
will facilitate advancement.
2.2 Personality in Leadership
Leadership has been conceptualized as a function of personality traits. When
it comes to questions the personality, many are still in doubt what exactly the
personality. For some people, the personality traits displayed by a person to the
public. For a student, characteristics that have shown very significant, especially a
good personality that epitomizes the grandeur of the students, especially for
university students. According to a statement from Lussier and Achua, Personality is
a combination of traits that classifies an individual’s behavior. It is the system that
organizes our emotions, motives and capacities to think. Personality is an important
topic, as it influences our behavior, relationships and how we make decision.

13. A leader must have a good the personality and can be accepted by society.
Personality in leadership can facilitate decision-making and leader the decisions
made by him may be followed and obeyed.
According to a statement from Lussier and Achua, understanding people’s
personalities is important because personality affects behavior as well as perceptions
and attitudes. Certain personality traits such as ambivalence play a role in why some
people procrastinate or avoid decisions if possible (Lussier and Achua, 2013).
Nowadays, a person can be judged by the success shown personality of the person.
A successful leader has the personality and charisma of its own. Followers will be
attracted to the leader that has the characteristics of an attractive personality and
good. According to a statement from Lussier and Achua, the key to success is to
assess our personality strength and weaknesses and to plan how to change our
behaviour to improve our relationship and leadership skills (Lussier and Achua,
2013).
2.3 Motivation in Leadership
According to a statement from Lussier and Achua, motivation is anything that
affects behaviour in pursuing a certain outcome. Outcome in business are usually
organizational goals or objectives and it takes motivation to reach our goals. Success
is about motivation that includes effort, commitment, being engaged, practice and
persistent (Lussier and Achua, 2013). Motivation is very important to a leader. A
leader must have a high level of motivation because they have the advantage to
motivate others.
According to a statement from Lussier and Achua, The pursuit of happiness
and satisfaction is fundamental to motivation. Based on this statement, it can be
concluded that in order to achieve a good level of motivation, one must have the

14. satisfaction and joy in the task. In the context of education, a student leader also must
equip and prepare themselves with the role of motivation. A leader among the students
is a very challenging task where they have to be smart to divide time between study
times and also be a leader in their organization that is engaged either in association or
club.
2.1 Conceptual Framework
The study this study, to ensure that the goal of achieving an understanding of the
leadership achieved, conceptual framework needs to be done to ensure that the study did
not stray from the original. In this study, students' perception towards the effectiveness of
involvement in leadership will be assessed by a personality and also in terms of motivation.
Leadership is closely interrelated with personality and motivation. Figure 2.1 shows the
relationship between a good personality and strong motivation can make a person a good
leader.
2.3 Summary
This chapter has been focusing on the perspectives of other researchers, as well as
previous researches to be able to produce a more significant and concrete research. This
chapter presented a literature review enhancing the area of leadership and management as
abroad, specifically discussed the importance of leadership, personality in leadership,
motivation in leadership and conceptual framework.
LeadershipPersonality
Figure 2.1 Conceptual framework
Motivation

15. CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction
This chapter describes the methodology designed to investigate the effectiveness of
student involvement based on leadership skill, personality and motivation. The process of
selecting research design, research sample, research instrument, research procedure, data
collection and data analysis are also described in this chapter.
3.1 Research Design
This study was conducted quantitative method. Quantitative analysis was done in this
study which the data were all collected from the questionnaire. This study adopted a survey
research, which has been designed to investigate the effectiveness of student involvement
based on leadership skill, personality and motivation. Besides, the study also sought to find
out the student’s perceptions toward the involvement of leadership. Since the study was not
concerned about improvements in student’ performances before and after involving in
leadership and management, an experimental research design was not applied in the study.
3.1.1 Quantitative Method
A set of questionnaire was used for this study since it is quantitative in nature. The
survey instrument was modified and customized as to in line with this study (refer to
Appendix A). The content on this research instrument helped to investigate the

16. effectiveness of student involvement based on leadership skill, personality and
motivation.
3.2 Research Sampling
This study was conducted among students in Faculty of Education UiTM Shah Alam.
The participants will be selected using the simple random sampling approach in view of the
fact that the participants are students who are undergoing the process of involvement in
leadership. In this study, the participants chosen were 60 students.
3.3 Research Instrument
The research instrument that will be used in this study is questionnaire. As to be in
line with the research objectives of this study, all the items in the instrument were carefully
constructed. The survey items were reviewed as to suit this descriptive study (refer to figure
3). The instrument was given to the 60 respondents to interpret the quantitative data.
According to Parmjit et. al. (2006), a likert scale format is usually used to measure the
strength of an opinion. All data is evaluated by a primary method of scoring the structural
response using a scale 1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3=neutral, 4=agree, and
5=strongly agree.
Component Research Question Total
Questions
The effectiveness of leadership skill among students 5
The effectiveness of personality among students 5
The effectiveness of motivation among students 5
Total of number 15
Figure 3.1: Components of the survey instrument used in this study.
3.4 Data Collection
The data was collected to address the research objectives. In collecting the real data
using the intend samples, a cover letter that explains the purpose and the significance which

17. have been endorsed by the researcher’s Dean will be attached together with the
questionnaire. The researcher will be distributed the questionnaires to the samples. The
samples are given ten to fifteen minutes to answer the questionnaire and after they
completed the questionnaire, the researcher will collect the questionnaire. During the
session, the samples were encouraged to ask if there any inquiries of any clarifications that
needs to explained more.
3.5 Data Analysis
The data obtained were analyzed by using specific software which was the Statistical
Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) where it can help in producing the exact
calculations needed in the study. The data were processed by descriptive and inferential
analysis. This study focused on descriptive information describing themselves as a group of
samples. Apart from that, this analysis was done as to investigate the effectiveness of
student involvement based on leadership skill, personality and motivation. The types of
descriptive statistic that will be used to measure the value of data from the questionnaires
are frequencies, percentage and mean.
3.6 Summary
In this chapter, the researcher discusses only about the research methodology that
are used in this study. This chapter really needed for answering the entire research question.
Somehow, the data must valid and reliable to show the research is effective and success.
Therefore, the implementation of the study was carried out according to established
procedures and the data obtained from this study were required in order to reach the
purpose as well as to support the findings later in the study.

18. BIBLIOGRAPHY
John Adair (2007), Develop Your Leadership Skills, Kogan page, United Kingdom
Robert N. Lussier and Christopher F. Achua (2013), Leadership: Theory, Application & Skill
Development, Fifth edition. USA
John P.Kotter (1990), What leaders really do. Harvard Business Review.
Tiina Brandt and Maarit Laiho (2013), Gender And Personality In Transformational
Leadership Context. Leadership & organization Development Journal, vol 34, No 1,2013
Chemers M. (1997), An integrative theory of leadership. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,
Publishers.

19. APPENDICES A
Questionnaire
Dear Respondents:
I, student from Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), am majoring in Management
and Leadership Education (ED 705). I am conducting a survey on “The Effectiveness of Involvement in
Leadership among Uitm Shah Alam Student” for my Management and Leadership Research and
Project. It is to help me study the survey and perceive the cause to fall short as well as to resolve the
strategic and effective approach. I would be so grateful if you could take a few minutes of your time
to fill in this questionnaire. This survey is purely for educational purpose and your answers will be
kept confidential. Thank you very much for your time and cooperation.
Saya, merupakan pelajar dari Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), yang mengambil
pengkhususan dalam Pengurusan dan Kepimpinan sedang menjalankan satu penyelidikan lapangan
dalam tajuk “Keberkesanan melibatkan diri dalam kepimpinan di kalangan pelajar Uitm Shah
Alam” untuk kajian dan projek pengurusan dan kepimpinan . Ini akan membantu saya dalam meneliti
nilai-nilai yang terdapat pada penyelidikan ini dan mengenalpasti kekurangannya bagi mencari
langkah dan pendekatan yang lebih berkesan. Saya amat berbesar hati sekiranya anda dapat
meluangkan sedikit masa untuk menjawab soalan-soalan yang tersenarai. Penyelidikan ini hanya
sekadar untuk penggunaan dalam pembelajaran dan pengajaran sahaja dan segala maklumbalas
anda akan dirahsiakan.

20. Please tick ( / ) where appropriate
Tandakan ( / ) dimana perlu
SECTION A: DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
BUTIRAN PERIBADI
Gander : [ ] Male [ ] Female
Jantina Lelaki Perempuan
Age : [ ] 23-28 [ ] 28-33 [ ] 34-39 [ ] > 40
Umur
Education Status : [ ] DIPLOMA [ ] DEGREE [ ] MASTER [ ] PHD [ ] OTHER
Taraf Pendidikan Lain -lain...............
Teaching Experience : [ ] 1-5 year [ ] 6-10 year [ ] 11-15 year [ ] > 16 year
Pengalaman Mengajar
Background of Specialization: [ ] Malay [ ] English [ ] Mathematic [ ] Science [ ] History
Latar belakang pengkhususan [ ] Geography [ ] Art [ ] Islamic [ ] Account [ ] Others

21. Instruction:
Please CIRCLE your answers on the numbers from 1 to 5 based on the choices that you feel
appropriate.
Arahan :
Sila BULATKAN jawapan anda pada angka dari 1 hingga 5 berdasarkan pilihan yang anda rasakan
sesuai.
Guideline :
Panduan
Strongly Disagree (SD) 1
Disagree (D) 2
Neutral (N) 3
Agree (A) 4
Strongly Agree (SA) 5
Component Strongly
Disagree
Disagree Neutral Agree
Strongly
Agree
Content
1 The content is reliable.
2 Information relevant to age group curriculum.
3 Variety of activities, with options for increasing
complexity.
4 The content is structured in a clear and
understandable manner.
5 Logical progression of topics.
Perception Towards Leadership skills

22. 6 Students can improve leadership skills
7 Students will gain exposure to better
leadership
8 Students have the potential to lead to more
efficient
9 Students are able to make decisions with a
more mature and effective
10 Students thought would be more open and
mature
Perception Towards Personality
11 Student's personality seems more neat and
organized
12 Students will be more competent and
enthusiastic.
13 Students will be able to influence others
through personality
14 Students will be admired his personality
15 Students will increase their self-confidence
Perception Towards Motivation
16 Student can enhance motivation in
themselves.
17 Student is able to inspire other students.
18 Student is able to control his emotions better
in the face of any situation
19 Students are able to control and help other
students in control of their emotions.
20 Students are always in a condition ready to
face the challenges.