The document outlines the key components of research methodology, including the formulation of research questions, the importance of literature reviews, and the steps involved in research design and data collection. It emphasizes the need for clear, focused, and complex research questions while detailing how literature reviews can help clarify research needs and refine questions. Practical examples of effective and ineffective research questions are provided throughout.

1. Research
Methodology

2. Topics
 What is research and types of research
 How to formulate a research question
 Literature review and its purpose
 Research Design
 Data collection
 Data Analysis

3. Steps:
 First priority - formulate your question.
 Figure out - how you are going to answer it:
 How others have answered it?
 How does your proposal fit in with what others have done?
 How will you know when you have answered it?
 Present your answer.

4. Research Question
 Something youwant toknow aboutyourdiscipline, orabouta specific area
within yourdiscipline.
 Not a topic,fragment,phrase,or sentence. It endswith a questionmark.
 Clear andprecisely stated. Itis nottoobroad,nor is it toonarrow.
 Open-ended,asopposedtoclosed. Itcannotbe answeredin a sentenceor
phrase.

5. Examples of Research questions
 Is television going to survivein digital eye or will it becomeobsolete
like digital camera?

6. Examples of Research questions
 Doesnegativenewsinterestpeoplemorethanpositive
news?

7. Examples of Research questions
 Whatare thefactorsmotivateyoungpeople to commitviolence?

8. Examples of Research questions
 What factors contribute to a low turnout
among women voters in elections in rural areas?

9. Examples of Research questions
 Do students think about the career options first
before choosing education or careers come
second?

10. Examples of Research questions
 Does exercise improve the quality of sleep?

11. Research Question
 An "angle‟ for your researchcancomefrominsights stemming
from:
 personalexperience
 established theory
 observations
 contemporaryissues
 engagementwith theliterature

12. Research question
 A research question should be:
 Clear
 Focused
 Concise
 Complex
 Arguable
You should ask a questionaboutan issue that youare genuinely
curiousabout.

13. Clear
 Unclear: Why are social networkingsites harmful?
 Clear: How are online users experiencing or addressing
privacy issues on such social networking sites as Instagram
and Facebook?
 Whichsocialnetworkingsite?(InstagramandFacebook)
 Typeofharm(privacyissues)
 Whogetsharm?(users)

14. Focused
 Unfocused:Whatis the effecton the environmentfrom global
warming?
 Focused:How is glacial melting affectingpenguins in Antarctica?
 Sobroad(Can‟tanswerincollegelevelpaper)
 specificcause(glacialmelting)
 specificplace(Antarctica)
 specificgroupaffected(Penguin)

15. Complex
 Too simple:How are doctorsaddressingdiabetesin India?
 Appropriately Complex: What are common traits of those suffering from
diabetes in India, and how can these commonalities be used to aid the
medical community in preventionof the disease?
 Simple question (if looked up online, you get answered immediately. No role of
analysis)
 Complex onerequiresignificantinvestigationandevaluation.

16. Literature review
 The review of the literature is defined as a broad,
comprehensive, in-depth, systematic, and critical
review of scholarly publications, unpublished
scholarly print materials, audiovisual materials,
and personal communications.

17. Purposesof Literature review
 Determine if proposed researchisactually needed.
 Evenif similar research published, researchers might suggest a need for similar studies or replication.
 Narrow down a problem.
 It can be overwhelming getting into the literature of a field of
understand where you need to focus your efforts.
study. A literature review can help you
 Generate hypotheses or questions for further studies.

18. Purposes of Literature review
 Backgroundknowledge ofthe field ofinquiry
 Facts
 Eminentscholars
 Parametersofthefield
 Themostimportantideas,theories,questionsandhypotheses.
 Knowledge ofthe methodologies common to thefield and a feeling for
their usefulnessandappropriatenessin varioussettings.

19. Literature review
 Locatedifferenttypesof resources.
 Decide which resourcesmightbe
suitable.
 Select mostappropriateresources.
 Revise researchquestionsif necessary

20. Literature review purpose

21. Save the information
 Keep a record of the literature you collect.
 Record where and when you retrieved
the information.