this will help the student to know the quantitative research at grass root level.

1. Welcome
to my
presentation
Presented by
Md Ashfikur Rahman
3rd Year 1st Term
Development Studies Discipline
Course No DS 3105
Course Title: Research Methodology
Khulna University

3. What is Research ?
Re + search= Research
“Re” = again and again
“Search”=find out something
phenomena
observes
Again & again
Conclusion
Collection of data
Analysis of data
person
“Research means the scientific and systematic analysis of specific
phenomena”
Source-Fundamental of Research Methodology and Statistics p-2

4. Types of Research
 Basic research
 Applied research
 Action research
 Exploratory Research
 Quantitative Research
 Qualitative Research
Types of
R

5. A way to Writing a Quantitative Research
Thesis
 A type of educational research in which the researcher decides what to
study; asks specific, narrow questions; collects quantifiable data from
participants; analyzes these numbers using statistics; and conducts the
inquiry in an unbiased, objective manner.

6. Methods & Methodology
“Methods” is a specific way of doing something .
&
“Methodology” is a logical sequence of step to be done in a particular
way and a particular order to achieve a particular kind of result.

7. Research Process
Define
Research
Problem
Review
Concepts
And
theories
Review
Previous
Research
findings
Formulate
hypothesis
Design
Research
(Including
Sample
Design)
Collect
Data
Analyse
Data
Interpret
and
report
FF
F
F F
FF
I
II
III IV V VI VII
F
FF
Feed Back
Feed Forward
Review the literature

8. Discussion Topic on Q R
1  Research Problem & Topic
1.1  Introduction
1.2  Background of the problem
1.3  Theoretical Or Conceptual Background
1.4  Statement Of The Problem
1.5  Purpose Of The Study
1.6  Research Question
1.7  Statement Of The Hypothesis
1.8  Significance Of The Study
1.9  Assumptions
1.10  Limitations
1.11  Delimitations
1.12  Definition Of Terms
2  Review of literature

9. 1.Research Problem and Topic
 The first step for any research project is research problems.
 A research problem is a question that researcher wants to answer or a
problem that a researcher wants to solve.
 In a words we can say that a research problem is an area of concern
where there is a gap in knowledge base needed for professional
practices.

10. 1.a Identification of Research
Problems
 It is the first and most important step in research process.
 Generally a broad area is selected and then a broad topic is delimited
od narrowed down to a specific one sentence statement of the
problem.

11. 1.b Sources of Research Problem
Consultations with expertise
Source of
research
problems
Critical appraisal of literature
Previous research
Practical experience
Existing theories Personal experience

12. 1.1 Introduction
 Public relation section of the study.
 It enhance the readers attention to read the work and raising interest
and curiosity.
 Should be
observations experience , Views opinion etc.
 Should not be
Theory , Empirical literature etc.

13. 1.2 Background to the Problem
 What problems you have faced during conducting your research.
 It may be
Historical, sociological, traditional, cultural etc.
Example - religion

14. 1.3 Theoretical View
 Which theory are validated and refined or invalidated in your going
research it examined.
 Theory working as a serving vehicle for incorporating prior knowledge
and linking research to the large body of knowledge.
Example- you ! Can't think the valid solution to your faulty mobile without
knowing the manual or theory.

15. 1.4 Statement of the Problem
 Problem is the heart of any research project. Selamat(2008)
 A good researcher tries to present and analysis the exact problem
and trying to contribute a solution through her/his research.

16. 1.5 Purpose of the Study
Where a good researcher hopes to reach through her/his research.
Purpose made on the basis of problem and solution .
Example- Why gender violence occurs in rural area and how to solve it
?

17. 1.6 Research questions
Research question basically depends on what type of research you are
going to conduct.
Quantitative research questions inquire about the relationships among
variables that the investigator seeks to know.
Research questions gives the shape and specifically focus the purpose
of the study.
Should be
Simple , clear , synopsis and answerable .
Example- Which color do you choice ?

18. 1.7 Statement of the Hypotheses
 Predictions the researcher makes about the expected relationships
among variables.

19. 1.7a Types of Hypotheses
 Null hypothesis is a hypothesis that proposes no relationship or
difference between two variables, symbolized as H0.
Example- When students attend seminar classes, in addition to lectures,
they get ill.
 Alternative hypotheses proposes a relationship between two or more
variables, symbolized as H1.
Example-When students attend seminar classes, in addition to lectures,
their performance increases.

20. 1.8 Significance of the Study
 What contribution do you think that your study will accomplish .
Example- My study will help the mother that how they can assist their
children to be educated.

21. 1.9 Assumptions
 An assumption is a realistic expectation which is something that we
believe to be true.
Example-Your study was on
 why maternal health in rural women is poor ? assume that…..
 Uneducated  poor  Lack of facilities
Assumptions Hypotheses
Beliefs &Ideas Prediction Often With Little Or No Evidence
Are Not Statistically Tested Can Be Statistically Tested

22. 1.10 Limitations
 Limitation is a restriction on your study that cannot be reasonably
dismissed or unavoidable and can affect your design and results.
Example-
• Limited funding
• choice of research design
• statistical model constraints
• sampling etc.

23. 1.11 Delimitations
 Self-imposed limitations during conducting your study.
It define the boundaries of your study.
Example-
• Choice of objectives
• The research questions
• Variables of interest
• Theoretical perspectives that you adopted
• Population you choose to investigate etc.
The delimitations are in your control.

24. 1.12 Definition of Terms
List and define conceptually unusual terms to avoid
misinterpretations particularly where they have different meanings.
Example-
BDS= Bangladesh Dental Society
&
Bachelor of Development Studies

25. 2.Rivew of Literature
Literature refers to all the published writings in a particular style on a
particular subject.
A literature review discusses published information in a particular subject
area and a recap of the important information of the source.
It should be
• Compare and contrast different authors' views on an issue
• group authors who draw similar conclusions
• criticize aspects of methodology
• note areas in which authors are in disagreement
• highlight gaps in research
• show how your study relates to previous studies
• conclude by summarizing what the literature says

26. Thanks to all