ajeng.savitri@teknokrat.ac.id https://teknokrat.ac.id/en/

1. Research Methodology
in Computer Science
by. Ajeng Savitri Puspaningrum, M.Kom.

2. Objective
▹ Learning the definition of research
▹ Learning kind of research
▹ Learning kind of research on computer science
▹ Learning research contribution and originality
2

3. 3
Pre-Test
1. Apakah yang dimaksud dengan “ PENELITIAN “ ?
2. Sebutkan dan jelaskan jenis-jenis pendekatan penelitian !
3. Jelaskan perbedaan penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif !
4. Sebutkan dan jelaskan jenis-jenis metode penelitian !
5. Sebutkan dan jelaskan jenis-jenis kontribusi !

4. RESEARCH
INTRODUCTION

5. DEFINITION
▹ Research (Inggris) dan recherche (Prancis)
• re
• to search
▹ The process of exploring the unknown,
studying and learning new things, building
new knowledge about things that no one
has understood before
(Berndtsson et al., 2008)
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6. 6
DEFINITION
▹ Seeking through methodical processes
to add to one’s own body of knowledge
and to that of others, by the discovery of
non-trivial facts and insights (Sharp et
al., 2002)
▹ Term:
• Methodical Processes → Planned & Considered Way
• Add → Contribution
• Discovery → Originality
• Non-trivial facts and insights → Knowledge

7. What is Research?
▹Research is
conducted
because there
are research
problems,
where the
research
problems
themselves
arise because
there is a
background
problem
▹The research
was conducted
in a planned,
systematic,
repetitive and
measurable
manner
▹Research must
have originality
and novelty, as
well as produce
original
contributions
to knowledge in
the form of
discovering
and revising
facts, theories
and
applications
7

8. “
Research is a considered
activity, which aims to
make an original
contribution to
knowledge
(Dawson, 2009)
8

9. 9
▹ Investigation activities on a
problem that are carried out
repeatedly and systematically, with
the aim to find or revise theories,
facts, and applications (Berndtsson
et al., 2008)
▹ Originality is doing something that
has not been done before.
Original
Contribution

10. First
you can be original in
the way you do things–
for example, doing
something someone
has done before but
using a different
technique or approach.
WHAT CAN YOU DO THAT IS
ORIGINAL?
Second
you can be original by
producing or
developing something
that has not been
produced before.
10

11. Researcher
Character
The researcher
can be wrong,
but can't lie or
cheat
11

12. First
Solve the problem at
hand
Basic Research Objectives
Second
Test, develop and
find a theory or method
12

13. 13
▹ Building software or systems is not the
main goal of research
▹ Testing, developing and discovering
are the main objectives of research
▹ Develop and find that theory which is
called contribution to knowledge
▹ Contributions to the community cannot
be directly measured, because they are
not included in the objectives, but to the
benefits of research
Remember
the Research
Concept!

14. RESEARCH
CLASSIFICATION

15. RESEARCH CLASSIFICATION
15
• Qualitative
• Quantitative1. Approach
• Action Research
• Experiment
• Case Study
• Survey
2. Methods
• Basic and Applied
• Exploratory and Confirmatory
• Descriptive, Experiments and
Correlations
3. Type of
Contribution

16. Research Approach
16
▹Quantitative Methods: Associated with measuring things on
numeric scales. These methods stem from the natural
sciences and are concerned with understanding “how
something is constructed, built or works”
▹Qualitative Methods: These methods have their origins in the
social sciences, and “primarily concerned with increasing
understanding of a substantive area, rather than producing an
explanation for it”. Qualitative methods are more common
within the field of information science and involve methods
such as case studies and surveys.

17. Quantitative vs Qualitative
Perbedaan
Penelitian
Kuantitatif
Penelitian Kualitatif
Jenis Data Kuantitatif Kualitatif
Proses Penelitian Deduktif-Induktif Induktif
Responden/
Obyek Penelitian
Banyak
Hanya Satu Yang
Dijadikan Obyek
Instrumen
Kuesioner dan
Instrumen Lain
Peneliti Itu Sendiri
Tujuan Penelitian Konfirmasi Eksplorasi
Teknik Pengujian
Hipotesa
Pengujian Statistik
Pengujian
Nonstatistik
17

18. 18

19. Deductive-
Inductive
19
COLLECTION OF THEORIES
(Generally)
PRODUCE A CONCEPT
FORMULATE A
HYPOTHESIS
TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS
CONCLUSION
(Apply General)
Deductive
Inductive

20. 20
Inductive
OBSERVATION ON RESEARCH OBJECT
(Specifically)
PRODUCE A CONCEPT
OR
NEW THEORY
(Generally)

21. Methods
1. Action Research
Studies in the form of monitoring
and recording the application of
something by researchers
carefully, whose aim is to solve
problems and change the situation
(Herbert, 1990)
2. Experiment
▹ Investigation of cause and effect
relationships using trials
controlled by researchers
▹ Involves development and
evaluation
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3. Case study
Exploration of a situation in depth
and caution (Cornford and
Smithson, 2006)
4. Survey
▹ Collection of data from
populations that can be
measured, in an economical way
(Saunders et al., 2007)
▹ Involves the use of
questionnaires and interviews

22. Type of Contribution
Applied research
one type of research that is
used to answer a specific
question that has direct
applications to the world. This
is the type of research that
solves a problem.
22
Basic research
another type of research,
and it is driven purely by
curiosity and a desire to
expand our knowledge. This
type of research tends not
to be directly applicable to
the real world in a direct
way, but enhances our
understanding of the world
around us.

23. Type of Contribution
Experiments
a study that strictly adheres to a
scientific research design. It
includes a hypothesis, a variable that
can be manipulated by the
researcher, and variables that can be
measured, calculated and compared.
Correlations
a type of nonexperimental research
in which the researcher measures
two variables and assesses the
statistical relationship (i.e., the
correlation) between them with little
or no effort to control extraneous
variables.
23
Exploratory
one that aims at generating new
hypothesis, known as a posteriori
hypothesis.
Confirmatory
research that test the validity of
already made hypothesis, known as
a priori hypothesis.
Descriptive
defined as a research method that
describes the characteristics of the
population or phenomenon that is
being studied.

24. COMPUTING
RESEARCH STYLE

25. 25
Information
Technology (IT)
pengembangan & pengelolaan
infrastruktur IT
Network Engineer
Computer
Engineering (CE)
pengembangan sistem
terintegrasi
(software dan hardware)
Computer Engineer
Information
System (IS)
analisa kebutuhan dan
proses bisnis
serta desain sistem
System Analyst
Software
Engineering (SE)
pengembangan software
dan pengelolaan tahapan
SDLC
Software Engineer
Computer
Science (CS)
konsep computing dan
pengembangan software
Computer Scientist
IEEE/ACM Computing Curricula 2005

26. 26
Information Systems vs Computer Science
Information
Systems (IS):
IS, IT
aspek manajemen, organisasi
dan pemanfaatan
metode computing
Computer
Science (CS):
CS, CE, SE
aspek teknis dari
metode computing

27. 27
Information Systems vs Computer Science
Computing
Fields
Contents
Research
Methods
Research Objectives
Analysis
Methods
Information
Systems
Management
Aspect Case Study, Survey
Analysis and
Application of
Computing Methods
and Information
Technology
Information
Theories
Computer
Science
Technical
Aspect
Experiment
Development of
Computing Methods
Computing
Theories

28. CONTRIBUTION
AND
ORIGINALITY

29. RESEARCH ORIGINALITY
Orisinalitas pada
Metode:
￭ Memecahkan masalah
yang orang lain sudah
pernah mengerjakan
sebelumnya, tapi
dengan metode yang
berbeda
￭ Model penelitian yang
kontribusi ada pada
method improvement
Orisinalitas pada
Masalah:
￭ Memecahkan suatu
masalah yang orang
lain belum pernah
mengerjakan
sebelumnya
￭ Model penelitian yang
kontribusi ada pada
penemuan masalah
baru sebagai obyek
penerapan metode
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30. 30
Contributions On Method
(example)
▹ Judul:
Penerapan Metode XYZ untuk Pemecahan
Masalah Konvergensi Prematur pada
Algoritma Genetika untuk Penentuan Desain
Bendungan
▹ Kontribusi: Menerapkan Metode XYZ yang
sebelumnya tidak pernah digunakan orang
untuk memecahkan masalah konvergensi
premature pada Algoritma Genetika

31. 31
Contributions On Problem
(example)
▹ Judul:
Penerapan Algoritma Genetika untuk
Penentuan Desain Bendungan dengan Empat
Parameter
▹ Kontribusi: Penentuan Desain Bendungan
dengan Empat Parameter (kebanyakan
peneliti menggunakan dua paratemeter)

32. 32
Contributions On Problem
and Method
(example)
▹ Judul:
Penerapan Metode XYZ untuk Pemecahan Masalah
Konvergensi Prematur pada Algoritma Genetika
untuk Penentuan Desain Bendungan dengan Empat
Parameter
▹ Kontribusi:
1. Penerapan metode XYZ untuk memecahkan
masalah konvergensi premature pada algoritma
genetika
2. Penentuan Desain Bendungan dengan Empat
Parameter

33. 33
Research With No
Contribution
(example)
▹ Penerapan Algoritma Genetika untuk
Penentuan Desain Bendungan di Jakarta
▹ Penerapan Algoritma Genetika untuk
Penentuan Desain Bendungan di Surabaya
▹ Penerapan Algoritma Genetika untuk
Penentuan Desain Bendungan di Makasar
* banyak peneliti di Indonesia yang terjebak dengan penelitian
tanpa kontribusi dan hanya mengganti obyek tempat, akhirnya
kesulitan ketika harus publikasi ke journal internasional terindeks

34. 34
Aspek
Tugas Akhir
(D3/D4)
Skripsi
(S1)
Tesis
(S2)
Disertasi
(S3)
Level
Kontribusi
Penguasaan
Kemampuan Teknis
Pengujian Teori Pengembangan Teori Penemuan Teori Baru
Bentuk
Kontribusi
Implementasi dan
pengembangan
Implementasi dan
pengembangan
Perbaikan Secara
Inkremental dan
Terus Menerus
Substansial dan
Invention
Target
Publikasi
-
Domestic
Conference
International
Conference
International Journal
RESEARCH COMPARISON
D3/D4 VS S1 VS S2 VS S3

35. 35
RESEARCH COMPARISON
D3/D4 VS S1 VS S2 VS S3
D3/D4:
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Rumah Sakit untuk Rumah
Sakit “Suka Sembuh”
Karakter: menguasai skill teknis
S1:
Sistem Cerdas Berbasis Neural Network untuk Prediksi Harga
Saham
Karakter: menguji teori, ada software development
S2/S3:
Penerapan Algoritma Genetika untuk Pemilihan Arsitektur
Jaringan Secara Otomatis pada Neural Network untuk Prediksi
Harga Saham
Karakter: mengembangkan teori (perbaikan metode), ada
kontribusi ke teori/metode

36. 36
Research With Contribution
(example)
1. Penerapan algoritma genetika untuk penjadwalan mata
kuliah
2. Penerapan algoritma genetika berbasis guided local search
strategies untuk penjadwalan mata kuliah
(Yang, 2011)
3. Penerapan algoritma C4.5 untuk penentuan kelulusan
mahasiswa tepat waktu: Studi Kasus STMIK XYZ
4. Penerapan algoritma C4.5 dengan penghitungan entropi
berbasis metode ABC untuk penentuan kelulusan mahasiswa
tepat waktu
*Hanya penelitian dengan kontribusi ke pengetahuan yang bisa
menembus jurnal-jurnal internasional terindeks

37. 37
No Judul
1 Penerapan Neural Network untuk Prediksi Harga Saham pada Perusahaan ABC
2
Pemilihan Arsitektur Jaringan pada Neural Network Secara Otomatis dengan Menggunakan Algoritma
Semut
3 Modifikasi Penghitungan Gain dan Entropi untuk Peningkatan Akurasi pada Algoritma C4.5
4 Penerapan Framework TOGAF untuk Pengembangan Enterprise Architecture pada Organisasi ABC
5
Penerapan Framework TOGAF yang Dimodifikasi untuk Pengembangan Enterprise Architecture pada
Perusahaan Skala Kecil dan Menengah
6 Penerapan COBIT untuk Tata Kelola Organisasi ABC
7 Integrasi COBIT dan TOGAF untuk Tata Kelola Organisasi ABC yang Lebih Komprehensif
8 Penerapan algoritma genetika untuk penjadwalan mata kuliah: Studi Kasus STMIK ABC
Research With Contribution

38. 38
1. Penelitian yang dilakukan secara logis, sistematis,
terencana, dan hasil penelitian divalidasi serta terukur
(Supino & Borer, 2012)
2. Penelitian yang empiris, dilatarbelakangi oleh situasi
yang riil, dengan data yang valid dan kongkrit (Kothari,
2004)
3. Penelitian yang memiliki kebaruan (novelty) yang bisa
diwujudkan dalam berbagai bentuk (Lichtfouse, 2013)
4. Penelitian yang menghasilkan kontribusi ke
pengetahuan yang memiliki orisinalitas yang tinggi
(Sahu, 2013)
5. Penelitian yang menghasilkan kontribusi ke
pengetahuan yang karakternya bisa digeneralisasi untuk
obyek yang lain (Dawson, 2009) (Supino & Borer, 2012)
6. Penelitian yang bisa direplikasi oleh peneliti lain
(Kothari, 2004) (Runeson et al., 2012)
7. Penelitian yang mendapatkan sitasi (citation) yang tinggi
dari peneliti lain setelah dipublikasi dalam bentuk paper
di jurnal ilmiah
Quality
Research
Parameters

39. Reference
39
▹ Abbott, M., & McKinney, J. (2013). Understanding and Applying
Research Design. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
▹ Berndtsson, M., Hansson, J., & Olsson, B. (2008). Thesis
Projects: a Guide for Students in Computer Science and
Information Systems (2nd ed.). London: Springer-Verlag
▹ Blaxter, L., Hughes, C., & Tight, M. (2006). How to Research (3rd
ed.). Open University Press
▹ Blessing, L. T. M., & Chakrabarti, A. (2009). DRM, a Design
Research Methodology. Springer-Verlag London
▹ Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2005). Research Methods
in Education (5th ed.). Taylor & Francis Group.
▹ Dawson, C. W. (2009). Projects in Computing and Information
Systems A Student’s Guide (2nd ed.). Pearson Education Limited
▹ Jonker, J., & Pennink, B. (2010). The Essence of Research
Methodology. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
▹ Lichtfouse, E. (2013). Scientific Writing for Impact Factor
Journals. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

40. 40
▹ Kothari, C. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and
Techniques. New Age International
▹ Might, M. (2010). The Illustrated Guide to a Ph.D. Matt.might.net.
Retrieved from http://matt.might.net/articles/phd-school-in-
pictures/
▹ Marczyk, G., DeMatteo, D., & Fertinger, D. (2005). Essentials of
Research Design and Methodology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
▹ Rea, L. M., & Parker, R. A. (2014). Designing and Conducting
Survey Research: A Comprehensive Guide (4th ed.). John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
▹ Runeson, P., Host, M., Rainer, A., & Regnell, B. (2012). Case Study
Research in Software Engineering: Guidelines and Examples.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
▹ Sahu, P. K. (2013). Research Methodology: A Guide for
Researchers In Agricultural Science, Social Science and Other
Related Fields. Springer.
▹ Veit, R., Gould, C., & Gould, K. (2013). Writing, Reading, and
Research (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Reference

41. THANKS!
Any questions?
ajeng.savitri@tekokrat.ac.id
https://teknokrat.ac.id/en/
41