Research getting started
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This tutorial is part of the SMILE information literacy course at Samuel Merritt University. SMILE is modeled on the San Francisco State University Library's OASIS tutorial on Information Literacy. The creators of OASIS generously gave permission for our university to use their materials as a starting point to develop a similar course; granting us the ability to augment, modify, rearrange, edit and reorganize the content as appropriate for our needs. The Information Literacy Task Force at Samuel Merritt University in Oakland, California, accepts full responsibility for the entirety of the SMILE tutorial but acknowledges the organization, content and images contributed by San Francisco State University.
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General
This document outlines the structure for a presentation, including an introduction of the presenter and topics, three main discussion topics with details and examples, a real-life example, a summary of the key points and meanings, and next steps. The three topics of discussion will be explained with supporting information and related to the audience. A real-life anecdote will also provide context before the presenter summarizes their view and what the audience should remember from the presentation. Next steps will include any required actions from the audience or follow up from the presenter.
Topics thesis statements
This document provides guidance on developing a thesis statement or research question for a writing assignment. It explains that instructors may provide topics or allow students to choose their own. For instructor-provided topics, it is important to stay within the requirements. Good topics are researchable and of interest to the student. Developing a working thesis or research question helps narrow a broad topic. Questions can be factual, seeking known information, or more complex, requiring in-depth research. A thesis statement takes a position while a research question asks an open-ended question. The document provides examples and guidelines for developing strong thesis statements and research questions.
Template of a_research_proposal
This document outlines the structure and components of a research proposal, including an abstract, introduction and problem statement, literature review, research questions, methodology, expected results and significance, limitations, and implications. The methodology section describes the research context, population and sample, instruments, data collection procedures, data analysis methods, and timeframe. The expected results discuss what the study anticipates to find and the significance of the research. References and appendices are also included. The overall purpose is to present the rationale and objectives of the proposed research and describe the planned methods to meet these objectives.
Introduce the topic history and background information - 2 - citat
This document outlines the sections for a research paper, including an introduction providing the history and background of the topic, a literature review of current research using APA citations, facts and details on the research with citations, a discussion tying the introduction and literature review to the facts, understandings gained from readings, and a reflection on how the research changed the author's feelings.
How to-write-an-editorial
An editorial is a short opinion piece written by an editor or guest that addresses an issue and aims to provide a concise yet well-reasoned argument. It should clearly state the problem or question in the introduction, present evidence for possible answers in the middle paragraphs, and conclude with a final answer in the closing paragraph. While shorter than a research paper, an editorial still follows the basic structure of critical argument by outlining the issue, discussing evidence, and coming to a logical conclusion. The tight word limit requires the message to be delivered in a clear and sequential manner.
How to write research papers
This document provides instructions for writing a research paper. It explains that a research paper presents an opinion on a topic that is informed by existing research and data. The writer must research what others have said about the topic to formulate their own opinion within an existing framework of data and knowledge. It then outlines the steps to writing a strong research paper, which include choosing an interesting topic, conducting research from reliable sources, creating a clear thesis statement, making an outline with the standard introduction, body, and conclusion structure, and including a title page, abstract, and references.
Enc1102 fall2012o ct30
This document provides guidelines for students' final projects, including:
1. It outlines the sections that should be included in the final project such as an introduction, annotated bibliography, line of inquiry paper, description of a "gap" in research, and discussion of how to fill that gap.
2. It asks students to think about the genre conventions of their field and provide examples of common features like evidence, arguments, and research structure.
3. It prompts students to consider what additional research like human participants, textual analysis, or data collection would be needed to explore their identified research gap, and how to present and structure that research for their field.
Lungs biology 121
The lungs allow us to breathe in oxygen and out carbon dioxide. Oxygen fuels our cells while carbon dioxide is a waste product. The lungs are made up of lobes, bronchi, and tiny alveoli sacs that facilitate gas exchange between the bloodstream and air. While a person can live with only one lung, it reduces stamina for vigorous activity due to less lung capacity.
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General
This document outlines the structure for a presentation, including an introduction of the presenter and topics, three main discussion topics with details and examples, a real-life example, a summary of the key points and meanings, and next steps. The three topics of discussion will be explained with supporting information and related to the audience. A real-life anecdote will also provide context before the presenter summarizes their view and what the audience should remember from the presentation. Next steps will include any required actions from the audience or follow up from the presenter.
Topics thesis statements
This document provides guidance on developing a thesis statement or research question for a writing assignment. It explains that instructors may provide topics or allow students to choose their own. For instructor-provided topics, it is important to stay within the requirements. Good topics are researchable and of interest to the student. Developing a working thesis or research question helps narrow a broad topic. Questions can be factual, seeking known information, or more complex, requiring in-depth research. A thesis statement takes a position while a research question asks an open-ended question. The document provides examples and guidelines for developing strong thesis statements and research questions.
Template of a_research_proposal
This document outlines the structure and components of a research proposal, including an abstract, introduction and problem statement, literature review, research questions, methodology, expected results and significance, limitations, and implications. The methodology section describes the research context, population and sample, instruments, data collection procedures, data analysis methods, and timeframe. The expected results discuss what the study anticipates to find and the significance of the research. References and appendices are also included. The overall purpose is to present the rationale and objectives of the proposed research and describe the planned methods to meet these objectives.
Introduce the topic history and background information - 2 - citat
This document outlines the sections for a research paper, including an introduction providing the history and background of the topic, a literature review of current research using APA citations, facts and details on the research with citations, a discussion tying the introduction and literature review to the facts, understandings gained from readings, and a reflection on how the research changed the author's feelings.
How to-write-an-editorial
An editorial is a short opinion piece written by an editor or guest that addresses an issue and aims to provide a concise yet well-reasoned argument. It should clearly state the problem or question in the introduction, present evidence for possible answers in the middle paragraphs, and conclude with a final answer in the closing paragraph. While shorter than a research paper, an editorial still follows the basic structure of critical argument by outlining the issue, discussing evidence, and coming to a logical conclusion. The tight word limit requires the message to be delivered in a clear and sequential manner.
How to write research papers
This document provides instructions for writing a research paper. It explains that a research paper presents an opinion on a topic that is informed by existing research and data. The writer must research what others have said about the topic to formulate their own opinion within an existing framework of data and knowledge. It then outlines the steps to writing a strong research paper, which include choosing an interesting topic, conducting research from reliable sources, creating a clear thesis statement, making an outline with the standard introduction, body, and conclusion structure, and including a title page, abstract, and references.
Enc1102 fall2012o ct30
This document provides guidelines for students' final projects, including:
1. It outlines the sections that should be included in the final project such as an introduction, annotated bibliography, line of inquiry paper, description of a "gap" in research, and discussion of how to fill that gap.
2. It asks students to think about the genre conventions of their field and provide examples of common features like evidence, arguments, and research structure.
3. It prompts students to consider what additional research like human participants, textual analysis, or data collection would be needed to explore their identified research gap, and how to present and structure that research for their field.
Lungs biology 121
The lungs allow us to breathe in oxygen and out carbon dioxide. Oxygen fuels our cells while carbon dioxide is a waste product. The lungs are made up of lobes, bronchi, and tiny alveoli sacs that facilitate gas exchange between the bloodstream and air. While a person can live with only one lung, it reduces stamina for vigorous activity due to less lung capacity.
Writing a research paper
This document provides guidance on writing a research paper, including determining the research focus, structure, title, abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results and discussion, and references. It emphasizes that research writing involves interaction between writers and readers. It also offers tips for writing an effective title, such as keeping it simple, using descriptive words, and avoiding abbreviations. Key steps outlined include answering questions about the paper, listing keywords, and building and refining a title sentence.
Chap3_ business reaserch
This document discusses research problems and problem statements. It defines a research problem as a situation that needs a solution where possible solutions exist. A problem statement describes an issue that needs to be addressed and provides context for a research study. The document outlines the key elements of a research problem, including developing a research question, hypotheses, specific aims, and research design. It also discusses the scientific method, types of research, qualitative vs. quantitative approaches, and the distinctions between research and evaluation.
Evidence based databases_Literature search.ppt
This document discusses strategies for finding evidence from medical literature, including:
- Formulating clear clinical questions using the PICO format
- Mapping the information landscape by identifying relevant keywords and concepts
- Deciding which evidence databases and sources are appropriate based on the hierarchy of evidence
- Learning how to effectively search databases using Boolean operators, subject headings, limits, and other tools
The overall aim is to help participants understand how to plan and conduct searches that retrieve high-quality evidence relevant to answering clinical questions.
Assignment Surveys and Response RatesAs you read in Chapter 1, .docx
Assignment: Surveys and Response Rates
As you read in Chapter 1, research designed to assess and answer questions about the current state of affairs is descriptive research. It is called descriptive research because no variables are manipulated (as you would find in an experimental research design). Rather, the goal of descriptive research is to provide a snapshot of thoughts, beliefs, or behaviors of groups of people at a given time. One common type of descriptive research is survey research. A survey is a type of self-report measure that can be administered either through an interview or written questionnaire.
Interviews are surveys in which researchers read questions to participants either in person or by telephone. The questions are either structured or unstructured. When using a structured interview technique, the researcher predetermines the questions to ask participants and records their responses. An example of a structured interview technique is a phone call during the evening at home requesting a “few minutes of your time” to ask your opinions about candidates in an upcoming political election. In an unstructured interview, the researcher asks the respondents to talk freely about a particular topic and records their answers. An example of an unstructured interview technique is a focus group setting, wherein a number of people meet at the same time to share their thoughts and opinions about a particular topic, such as their emotional reactions to viewing advertising campaigns.
Questionnaires are different from interviews because participants complete these assessments on their own, and usually without supervision. The other difference is that participants complete questionnaires in a fixed-format. This means participants answer questions in the exact same order and select their answers from various response choices provided (e.g., multiple choice or true/false) rather than freely reporting what comes to mind. An example of a questionnaire is a poll located in a magazine questioning you about your present satisfaction in your romantic relationship.
Consider the last time you were asked to complete a survey either by interview or questionnaire. Did you participate? Why, or why not? Though survey methods are a good way to collect a lot of data quickly, participants are not always eager to take the time and effort required to complete them. For this Assignment, you select a particular survey method to collect data on a study idea. You analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the method and consider strategies for increasing participant response rates.
To prepare
Review again the assigned pages from Chapter 6 and Chapter 8 of your course text.
Think about the study idea that you developed for the Discussion this week.
Think about what types of data you would collect utilizing various survey methods (e.g., interviews and questionnaires, focus groups).
Consider strategies researchers use to attempt to increase the participant response ...
GEN 103 Information LiteracyWriting Your Research Questio.docx
GEN 103: Information Literacy
Writing Your Research Question Worksheet:
Now that you’ve chosen your research topic, done a bit of background research and brainstormed your ideas, you’re ready to write your research question. Your research question will direct the research that you do over next few weeks as you look for sources for your annotated bibliography. Refer to Section 1.3 of your textbook to review the elements and purposeof a research question.Hover over the blue underlined words to read a definition in the Glossary located at the end of this document.
You will begin developing your research question by filling in the table below
Example of Research Question Development
The table below illustrates how a research question develops from a broad topic to a focused question. Follow the four examples down each column to see how the questions develop.
BROAD
TOPIC
RESTRICTED
TOPIC
NARROWED
TOPIC
RESEARCH QUESTION
Pollution
Acid Rain
Acid Rain in the United States
What can we do in the United States to prevent acid rain?
Pollution
Oil Spills
Oil spills and commerce
What impact do oil spills have on the fishing and tourism businesses in areas affected?
Pollution
Pesticides
Pesticides and the bee population
What evidence is there that pesticides are significantly harming the bee population?
Pollution
Fracking (hydraulic fracturing)
Fracking and groundwater
What evidence is there that fracking can cause groundwater contamination?
Develop Your Research Question
Now try out your topic ideas below using the information you brainstormed. Try out several variations of your topic idea to see how it could be improved or amended.
Research Question Development Table
The table will expand as you enter content into the columns.
BROAD
TOPIC
RESTRICTED
TOPIC
NARROWED
TOPIC
RESEARCH QUESTION
Research Question:
Of the possible research questions you came up with above, which question are you planning to use for your annotated bibliography?
Check to be sure that the research question meets these criteria:
· It is open-ended (cannot be answered with simple yes or no).
· It addresses an issue or controversy and/or solves a problem.
· It is something on which you can take a stand.
Reflection (150-200 words)
In the space below, explain what you learned about this process as you conducted background research and refined your topic. What was the most difficult part of the process and how was it difficult for you? What part of the process did you find most helpful and why?
Once complete, save your completed worksheet and return to the online classroom to submit this document through the “Assignment Submission” button below the assignment instructions.
Glossary: Return to top
Annotated bibliography: A list of citations with descriptions and a brief summary or critical statement about each one. Return
Research question: The star ...
Assignment 9 Answer the following questions. 1. Review the lis.docx
Assignment 9
Answer the following questions.
1. Review the list of Freud’s defense mechanisms discussed in your textbook. Choose three and describe instances when you observed yourself or someone else utilizing them. Explain how the use of defense mechanisms can be both healthy and unhealthy.
2. Your textbook highlights several different types of psychological tests. Identify three types of tests and explain what they are used for. Do you think these types of tests would be useful for human resources departments to use to determine personnel decisions, such as hiring, promotion and termination? Explain your answer.
3. Define stress, including the role of cognitive appraisal and coping strategies.
350 words per question and use the outline paper attached for the format.
Reflection Paper
INTRODUCTION
One of the main goals in this course is for you to develop personally through knowledge of psychology. This assignment will give you the opportunity to apply psychological principles to your own life, to your relationships, and to your life in society.
For this assignment you will write a reflection paper detailing the personal development you feel you have achieved.
Your paper should adhere to the following guidelines:
Content: See paper description below.
Length: Approximately 1200 to 1800 words in length (about 5 to 7 pages long)
Typography: Use a size 12 Times New Roman or Arial font, double-spaced
Citation style: Include APA style references to the textbook and other course materials. Please note: While APA style doesn’t usually allow the writer to refer to her/himself in the first person (i.e., using “I” or “me” to refer to yourself), this paper will require the use of first person language.
Due date and grade weighting: The paper is due no later than the final day of the term and will account for 10% of your final grade.
PAPER DESCRIPTION
During this term you have learned about, discussed, and written about the following topics:
Research methods
Neuroscience and behavior
States of consciousness
Learning and memory functions
Thinking, language, and intelligence
Motivation and emotion
Human development
Health psychology: understanding stress and coping
Personality
As you review the topics in this list, reflect on how a better understanding of these topics in psychology has impacted you in four areas:
Personal: How has taking this course allowed you to better understand yourself? What insights have you gained? In what ways has this course helped you to understand your thoughts, feelings or behaviors? In what areas of your life do you still struggle and need help with?
Social: How has taking this course allowed you to better understand your relationship(s) with someone else? Think about a significant relationship, and discuss how topics studied in this course have allowed you to gain a better understanding of that relationship.
Organizational and Societal: How has taking this cour ...
Method Portion.docx
This document outlines the method portion of a research manuscript. It provides an
overview of the key sections to include, such as research design and methodology,
population and sampling, data collection and analysis procedures. The researcher should
justify their chosen methods, describe the population and how samples were obtained,
explain the data collection and analysis processes, and provide a high-level overview of the
study findings.
Critically reading a paper
This document provides an overview of how to critically read journal articles in psychology. It discusses the importance of understanding the structure and content of articles in order to effectively summarize and apply the research. The typical structure of articles is outlined, including sections like the abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion and references. Key strategies are described for critically reading articles, such as skimming to get an overview, taking notes, checking references, and aiming to answer questions about the research purpose, methods, findings and implications. Finally, examples of journal articles are provided on different topics for students to choose from to focus their own research.
How to write a literature
This document provides guidance on writing a literature review. It outlines the key sections that should be included - Background, Literature, Findings, Conclusions, and Further Research. The Background introduces the topic and scope. The Literature lists the sources reviewed. The main Findings section critically analyzes and synthesizes the literature, grouping results into themes. Conclusions summarizes the practical implications. Further Research identifies gaps for future work. The document emphasizes using plain language, subheadings, and interpreting effects and statistical significance to draw meaningful conclusions.
What is research problem
The document discusses research problems, their characteristics, and how to identify a research problem. It defines a research problem as a question a researcher wants to answer or a problem they want to solve. A good research problem can be clearly stated, generates research questions, is grounded in theory, relates to academic fields of study, has significance, and is feasible within time and resource constraints. Research problems can come from personal and practical experiences, literature reviews, previous research, theories, social issues, brainstorming, intuition, folklores, field exposure, and consulting experts. The key is to select a problem that fulfills most of the ten important characteristics of a good research problem.
Advanced literature searching for health sciences
The document provides guidance on conducting an advanced literature search. It recommends that searches be comprehensive, structured, and auditable. Key steps include identifying concepts, selecting search terms, applying search techniques, selecting databases, refining results, and making a final selection. Databases like CINAHL are suggested. The document provides tips for developing effective search strategies and evaluating search results.
Guidelines for assignment 2
This document provides guidelines for writing an assignment for a master's level research paper. It includes outlines for an introduction, problem statement, purpose statement, significance of the study, theoretical framework, limitations, and delimitations. The introduction should follow a deficiencies model including stating the problem, reviewing past studies and their deficiencies, and advancing the significance. The problem statement should define the problem addressing who, what, when, where and why. The purpose statement indicates why the researcher is conducting the study and what they intend to accomplish. The significance explains how the study will contribute to the literature and who will benefit. The theoretical framework provides the theory guiding the research. Limitations are out of the researcher's control while delimitations define the scope set by
Sources of Research Questions and Formulation of Hypothesis
This document discusses developing good research questions and formulating hypotheses. It provides guidelines for creating clear, focused research questions, including making them relevant, manageable, substantial and original. It also discusses sources of research questions, such as observations, preliminary research, and literature. The document outlines steps for developing a research question, including choosing a topic, evaluating potential questions, and considering the audience. It then covers characteristics of a good hypothesis, such as being testable, parsimonious, and related to existing theory. The hypothesis should be stated as a one-sentence prediction to be tested through research.
How to do a Literature search for your research and scientific publication
Dr. Bhaskar Borgohain discusses strategies for conducting an effective literature search. He emphasizes defining a clear research question, brainstorming keywords, using appropriate search techniques like Boolean operators and filters, and keeping detailed records of the search process. Maintaining a search diary and using a citation manager are important for reproducing and organizing search results.
How to develop research question
The document provides guidance on developing a strong research question. It discusses that a research question should be clear, focused, complex and arguable. It emphasizes starting with a broad topic and conducting preliminary research to identify gaps in existing literature and better define the research question. The document also presents different types of research questions for quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies. Additionally, it provides criteria called "FINER" to evaluate if a research question is feasible, interesting, novel, ethical and relevant. Developing a strong research question is presented as an important first step for guiding effective research.
ThesisWhy you chose this topicDoes it pertain to your field.docx
Thesis
Why you chose this topic?
Does it pertain to your field of study?
Heading left right – Single Spaced
Name
Date
Class
Assignment
Professor Kazanjian
Double Space
Times New Roman; 12 pt Font; 1 inch Margins
2 – 3 Pages. Less than 2 pages or more than 3 pages will receive ZERO Credit
Informative Essay -
Research Paper Proposal
Informative Essay
Include information to educate the reader about the topic you wish to write a research paper on;
“Why should people care?”
Create a sound thesis statement;
Reasons why the topic is important;
You should have an introduction, body, and a sound conclusion;
Define any agencies or terms that are pertinent to your topic.
Assisted Suicide
Autism
2nd Amendment/ Gun Rights
Legalization of Marijuana
Death Penalty
Same Sex Marriage
U.S. Prison Rates
Animal Rights / Testing
Vegans/Vegetarianism
Mental Illness / PTSD
Abortion
Climate Change
Things NOT to Write on
Expository Writing
Research Paper
A research paper is an analytical or persuasive essay that presents and argues a thesis (evaluates a position)
What a research paper is not
A simple collection of facts on a topic
A summary of information from one or more sources
Research Paper:
From an Interest to a Topic
In choosing a topic start with what interests you most deeply
Start by listing two or three interests you might like to explore/questions that you have wondered about
Examples
If you are undertaking a research project in a specific field, skim a recent textbook, talk to other students, or consult one of your teachers
Examples
You might try to identify an interest based on work you are doing or will do in a different course
Types of topics to avoid
If you are still stuck you can find help on the internet or in your library
Standard Guides in Various Fields
Dictionaries: briefly define concepts and sometimes offer a bibliography
Encyclopedias: give more extensive overviews and usually a bibliography
Bibliographies and Indexes list past and current publications in the field
Finding dictionaries, encyclopedias, and bibliographies in particular fields:
Go to Pfau Library Home Page
Under Search For heading click on the Encyclopedias/Dictionaries link
Under Search Online Databases heading select bibliographies and type your discipline into the search bar.
Scan headings for topics that catch your interest
Once you identify a general area of interest, use the internet to find out more about the topic so that you can narrow it.
At first you may not know enough about a general interest to turn it into a focused topic.
If so, you have to do some reading to know what to think about it.
Don’t read randomly: start with entries in a general encyclopedia, then look at entries in a specialized encyclopedia or dictionary, then browse through journals and websites until you have a grip on the general shape of your topic.
Previous Topics
Gender Discrimination and China’s One Child Policy
The Role of Attachmen.
Searching Databases
The document provides a tutorial on using article databases, teaching how to understand what databases are, use search limiters to filter results, select keywords from a research question, narrow searches using Boolean operator AND, and broaden searches using Boolean operator OR. It offers examples of developing good research questions that produce effective keywords and constructing targeted database searches using those keywords alone and in combination with Boolean operators.
Writing a full research paper part 1
This session will give researchers some tips on the first part of the paper including the introduction, literature review, research question & purpose of the study.
La week 3 thesis statements
This document provides guidance on writing an effective thesis statement. It explains that a thesis statement should answer the main question of the paper and state the key argument to be proven. It also notes that a thesis statement contains sub-points that will be discussed in the body paragraphs. The document then provides examples of strong and weak thesis statements and strategies for developing different types of thesis statements, such as cause/effect, compare/contrast, and argumentative theses.
Research PPT.pptx
This document provides an overview of defining a research problem and formulating a hypothesis. It discusses what constitutes a research problem, the importance of clearly defining the problem, and sources that can contribute to problem identification. A research problem should integrate concepts from the literature and address an issue, concern or controversy. The document also covers developing a hypothesis, including characteristics like being clear, testable and consistent with known facts. Finally, it touches on components of a research proposal, including functions, purposes, potential reasons for failure, and general elements like the introduction, problem statement and objectives.
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Challenges associated with ageing from a public health perspective
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This document provides guidance on writing a research paper, including determining the research focus, structure, title, abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results and discussion, and references. It emphasizes that research writing involves interaction between writers and readers. It also offers tips for writing an effective title, such as keeping it simple, using descriptive words, and avoiding abbreviations. Key steps outlined include answering questions about the paper, listing keywords, and building and refining a title sentence.
Chap3_ business reaserch
This document discusses research problems and problem statements. It defines a research problem as a situation that needs a solution where possible solutions exist. A problem statement describes an issue that needs to be addressed and provides context for a research study. The document outlines the key elements of a research problem, including developing a research question, hypotheses, specific aims, and research design. It also discusses the scientific method, types of research, qualitative vs. quantitative approaches, and the distinctions between research and evaluation.
Evidence based databases_Literature search.ppt
This document discusses strategies for finding evidence from medical literature, including:
- Formulating clear clinical questions using the PICO format
- Mapping the information landscape by identifying relevant keywords and concepts
- Deciding which evidence databases and sources are appropriate based on the hierarchy of evidence
- Learning how to effectively search databases using Boolean operators, subject headings, limits, and other tools
The overall aim is to help participants understand how to plan and conduct searches that retrieve high-quality evidence relevant to answering clinical questions.
Assignment Surveys and Response RatesAs you read in Chapter 1, .docx
Assignment: Surveys and Response Rates
As you read in Chapter 1, research designed to assess and answer questions about the current state of affairs is descriptive research. It is called descriptive research because no variables are manipulated (as you would find in an experimental research design). Rather, the goal of descriptive research is to provide a snapshot of thoughts, beliefs, or behaviors of groups of people at a given time. One common type of descriptive research is survey research. A survey is a type of self-report measure that can be administered either through an interview or written questionnaire.
Interviews are surveys in which researchers read questions to participants either in person or by telephone. The questions are either structured or unstructured. When using a structured interview technique, the researcher predetermines the questions to ask participants and records their responses. An example of a structured interview technique is a phone call during the evening at home requesting a “few minutes of your time” to ask your opinions about candidates in an upcoming political election. In an unstructured interview, the researcher asks the respondents to talk freely about a particular topic and records their answers. An example of an unstructured interview technique is a focus group setting, wherein a number of people meet at the same time to share their thoughts and opinions about a particular topic, such as their emotional reactions to viewing advertising campaigns.
Questionnaires are different from interviews because participants complete these assessments on their own, and usually without supervision. The other difference is that participants complete questionnaires in a fixed-format. This means participants answer questions in the exact same order and select their answers from various response choices provided (e.g., multiple choice or true/false) rather than freely reporting what comes to mind. An example of a questionnaire is a poll located in a magazine questioning you about your present satisfaction in your romantic relationship.
Consider the last time you were asked to complete a survey either by interview or questionnaire. Did you participate? Why, or why not? Though survey methods are a good way to collect a lot of data quickly, participants are not always eager to take the time and effort required to complete them. For this Assignment, you select a particular survey method to collect data on a study idea. You analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the method and consider strategies for increasing participant response rates.
To prepare
Review again the assigned pages from Chapter 6 and Chapter 8 of your course text.
Think about the study idea that you developed for the Discussion this week.
Think about what types of data you would collect utilizing various survey methods (e.g., interviews and questionnaires, focus groups).
Consider strategies researchers use to attempt to increase the participant response ...
GEN 103 Information LiteracyWriting Your Research Questio.docx
GEN 103: Information Literacy
Writing Your Research Question Worksheet:
Now that you’ve chosen your research topic, done a bit of background research and brainstormed your ideas, you’re ready to write your research question. Your research question will direct the research that you do over next few weeks as you look for sources for your annotated bibliography. Refer to Section 1.3 of your textbook to review the elements and purposeof a research question.Hover over the blue underlined words to read a definition in the Glossary located at the end of this document.
You will begin developing your research question by filling in the table below
Example of Research Question Development
The table below illustrates how a research question develops from a broad topic to a focused question. Follow the four examples down each column to see how the questions develop.
BROAD
TOPIC
RESTRICTED
TOPIC
NARROWED
TOPIC
RESEARCH QUESTION
Pollution
Acid Rain
Acid Rain in the United States
What can we do in the United States to prevent acid rain?
Pollution
Oil Spills
Oil spills and commerce
What impact do oil spills have on the fishing and tourism businesses in areas affected?
Pollution
Pesticides
Pesticides and the bee population
What evidence is there that pesticides are significantly harming the bee population?
Pollution
Fracking (hydraulic fracturing)
Fracking and groundwater
What evidence is there that fracking can cause groundwater contamination?
Develop Your Research Question
Now try out your topic ideas below using the information you brainstormed. Try out several variations of your topic idea to see how it could be improved or amended.
Research Question Development Table
The table will expand as you enter content into the columns.
BROAD
TOPIC
RESTRICTED
TOPIC
NARROWED
TOPIC
RESEARCH QUESTION
Research Question:
Of the possible research questions you came up with above, which question are you planning to use for your annotated bibliography?
Check to be sure that the research question meets these criteria:
· It is open-ended (cannot be answered with simple yes or no).
· It addresses an issue or controversy and/or solves a problem.
· It is something on which you can take a stand.
Reflection (150-200 words)
In the space below, explain what you learned about this process as you conducted background research and refined your topic. What was the most difficult part of the process and how was it difficult for you? What part of the process did you find most helpful and why?
Once complete, save your completed worksheet and return to the online classroom to submit this document through the “Assignment Submission” button below the assignment instructions.
Glossary: Return to top
Annotated bibliography: A list of citations with descriptions and a brief summary or critical statement about each one. Return
Research question: The star ...
Assignment 9 Answer the following questions. 1. Review the lis.docx
Assignment 9
Answer the following questions.
1. Review the list of Freud’s defense mechanisms discussed in your textbook. Choose three and describe instances when you observed yourself or someone else utilizing them. Explain how the use of defense mechanisms can be both healthy and unhealthy.
2. Your textbook highlights several different types of psychological tests. Identify three types of tests and explain what they are used for. Do you think these types of tests would be useful for human resources departments to use to determine personnel decisions, such as hiring, promotion and termination? Explain your answer.
3. Define stress, including the role of cognitive appraisal and coping strategies.
350 words per question and use the outline paper attached for the format.
Reflection Paper
INTRODUCTION
One of the main goals in this course is for you to develop personally through knowledge of psychology. This assignment will give you the opportunity to apply psychological principles to your own life, to your relationships, and to your life in society.
For this assignment you will write a reflection paper detailing the personal development you feel you have achieved.
Your paper should adhere to the following guidelines:
Content: See paper description below.
Length: Approximately 1200 to 1800 words in length (about 5 to 7 pages long)
Typography: Use a size 12 Times New Roman or Arial font, double-spaced
Citation style: Include APA style references to the textbook and other course materials. Please note: While APA style doesn’t usually allow the writer to refer to her/himself in the first person (i.e., using “I” or “me” to refer to yourself), this paper will require the use of first person language.
Due date and grade weighting: The paper is due no later than the final day of the term and will account for 10% of your final grade.
PAPER DESCRIPTION
During this term you have learned about, discussed, and written about the following topics:
Research methods
Neuroscience and behavior
States of consciousness
Learning and memory functions
Thinking, language, and intelligence
Motivation and emotion
Human development
Health psychology: understanding stress and coping
Personality
As you review the topics in this list, reflect on how a better understanding of these topics in psychology has impacted you in four areas:
Personal: How has taking this course allowed you to better understand yourself? What insights have you gained? In what ways has this course helped you to understand your thoughts, feelings or behaviors? In what areas of your life do you still struggle and need help with?
Social: How has taking this course allowed you to better understand your relationship(s) with someone else? Think about a significant relationship, and discuss how topics studied in this course have allowed you to gain a better understanding of that relationship.
Organizational and Societal: How has taking this cour ...
Method Portion.docx
This document outlines the method portion of a research manuscript. It provides an
overview of the key sections to include, such as research design and methodology,
population and sampling, data collection and analysis procedures. The researcher should
justify their chosen methods, describe the population and how samples were obtained,
explain the data collection and analysis processes, and provide a high-level overview of the
study findings.
Critically reading a paper
This document provides an overview of how to critically read journal articles in psychology. It discusses the importance of understanding the structure and content of articles in order to effectively summarize and apply the research. The typical structure of articles is outlined, including sections like the abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion and references. Key strategies are described for critically reading articles, such as skimming to get an overview, taking notes, checking references, and aiming to answer questions about the research purpose, methods, findings and implications. Finally, examples of journal articles are provided on different topics for students to choose from to focus their own research.
How to write a literature
This document provides guidance on writing a literature review. It outlines the key sections that should be included - Background, Literature, Findings, Conclusions, and Further Research. The Background introduces the topic and scope. The Literature lists the sources reviewed. The main Findings section critically analyzes and synthesizes the literature, grouping results into themes. Conclusions summarizes the practical implications. Further Research identifies gaps for future work. The document emphasizes using plain language, subheadings, and interpreting effects and statistical significance to draw meaningful conclusions.
What is research problem
The document discusses research problems, their characteristics, and how to identify a research problem. It defines a research problem as a question a researcher wants to answer or a problem they want to solve. A good research problem can be clearly stated, generates research questions, is grounded in theory, relates to academic fields of study, has significance, and is feasible within time and resource constraints. Research problems can come from personal and practical experiences, literature reviews, previous research, theories, social issues, brainstorming, intuition, folklores, field exposure, and consulting experts. The key is to select a problem that fulfills most of the ten important characteristics of a good research problem.
Advanced literature searching for health sciences
The document provides guidance on conducting an advanced literature search. It recommends that searches be comprehensive, structured, and auditable. Key steps include identifying concepts, selecting search terms, applying search techniques, selecting databases, refining results, and making a final selection. Databases like CINAHL are suggested. The document provides tips for developing effective search strategies and evaluating search results.
Guidelines for assignment 2
This document provides guidelines for writing an assignment for a master's level research paper. It includes outlines for an introduction, problem statement, purpose statement, significance of the study, theoretical framework, limitations, and delimitations. The introduction should follow a deficiencies model including stating the problem, reviewing past studies and their deficiencies, and advancing the significance. The problem statement should define the problem addressing who, what, when, where and why. The purpose statement indicates why the researcher is conducting the study and what they intend to accomplish. The significance explains how the study will contribute to the literature and who will benefit. The theoretical framework provides the theory guiding the research. Limitations are out of the researcher's control while delimitations define the scope set by
Sources of Research Questions and Formulation of Hypothesis
This document discusses developing good research questions and formulating hypotheses. It provides guidelines for creating clear, focused research questions, including making them relevant, manageable, substantial and original. It also discusses sources of research questions, such as observations, preliminary research, and literature. The document outlines steps for developing a research question, including choosing a topic, evaluating potential questions, and considering the audience. It then covers characteristics of a good hypothesis, such as being testable, parsimonious, and related to existing theory. The hypothesis should be stated as a one-sentence prediction to be tested through research.
How to do a Literature search for your research and scientific publication
Dr. Bhaskar Borgohain discusses strategies for conducting an effective literature search. He emphasizes defining a clear research question, brainstorming keywords, using appropriate search techniques like Boolean operators and filters, and keeping detailed records of the search process. Maintaining a search diary and using a citation manager are important for reproducing and organizing search results.
How to develop research question
The document provides guidance on developing a strong research question. It discusses that a research question should be clear, focused, complex and arguable. It emphasizes starting with a broad topic and conducting preliminary research to identify gaps in existing literature and better define the research question. The document also presents different types of research questions for quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies. Additionally, it provides criteria called "FINER" to evaluate if a research question is feasible, interesting, novel, ethical and relevant. Developing a strong research question is presented as an important first step for guiding effective research.
ThesisWhy you chose this topicDoes it pertain to your field.docx
Thesis
Why you chose this topic?
Does it pertain to your field of study?
Heading left right – Single Spaced
Name
Date
Class
Assignment
Professor Kazanjian
Double Space
Times New Roman; 12 pt Font; 1 inch Margins
2 – 3 Pages. Less than 2 pages or more than 3 pages will receive ZERO Credit
Informative Essay -
Research Paper Proposal
Informative Essay
Include information to educate the reader about the topic you wish to write a research paper on;
“Why should people care?”
Create a sound thesis statement;
Reasons why the topic is important;
You should have an introduction, body, and a sound conclusion;
Define any agencies or terms that are pertinent to your topic.
Assisted Suicide
Autism
2nd Amendment/ Gun Rights
Legalization of Marijuana
Death Penalty
Same Sex Marriage
U.S. Prison Rates
Animal Rights / Testing
Vegans/Vegetarianism
Mental Illness / PTSD
Abortion
Climate Change
Things NOT to Write on
Expository Writing
Research Paper
A research paper is an analytical or persuasive essay that presents and argues a thesis (evaluates a position)
What a research paper is not
A simple collection of facts on a topic
A summary of information from one or more sources
Research Paper:
From an Interest to a Topic
In choosing a topic start with what interests you most deeply
Start by listing two or three interests you might like to explore/questions that you have wondered about
Examples
If you are undertaking a research project in a specific field, skim a recent textbook, talk to other students, or consult one of your teachers
Examples
You might try to identify an interest based on work you are doing or will do in a different course
Types of topics to avoid
If you are still stuck you can find help on the internet or in your library
Standard Guides in Various Fields
Dictionaries: briefly define concepts and sometimes offer a bibliography
Encyclopedias: give more extensive overviews and usually a bibliography
Bibliographies and Indexes list past and current publications in the field
Finding dictionaries, encyclopedias, and bibliographies in particular fields:
Go to Pfau Library Home Page
Under Search For heading click on the Encyclopedias/Dictionaries link
Under Search Online Databases heading select bibliographies and type your discipline into the search bar.
Scan headings for topics that catch your interest
Once you identify a general area of interest, use the internet to find out more about the topic so that you can narrow it.
At first you may not know enough about a general interest to turn it into a focused topic.
If so, you have to do some reading to know what to think about it.
Don’t read randomly: start with entries in a general encyclopedia, then look at entries in a specialized encyclopedia or dictionary, then browse through journals and websites until you have a grip on the general shape of your topic.
Previous Topics
Gender Discrimination and China’s One Child Policy
The Role of Attachmen.
Searching Databases
The document provides a tutorial on using article databases, teaching how to understand what databases are, use search limiters to filter results, select keywords from a research question, narrow searches using Boolean operator AND, and broaden searches using Boolean operator OR. It offers examples of developing good research questions that produce effective keywords and constructing targeted database searches using those keywords alone and in combination with Boolean operators.
Writing a full research paper part 1
This session will give researchers some tips on the first part of the paper including the introduction, literature review, research question & purpose of the study.
La week 3 thesis statements
This document provides guidance on writing an effective thesis statement. It explains that a thesis statement should answer the main question of the paper and state the key argument to be proven. It also notes that a thesis statement contains sub-points that will be discussed in the body paragraphs. The document then provides examples of strong and weak thesis statements and strategies for developing different types of thesis statements, such as cause/effect, compare/contrast, and argumentative theses.
Research PPT.pptx
This document provides an overview of defining a research problem and formulating a hypothesis. It discusses what constitutes a research problem, the importance of clearly defining the problem, and sources that can contribute to problem identification. A research problem should integrate concepts from the literature and address an issue, concern or controversy. The document also covers developing a hypothesis, including characteristics like being clear, testable and consistent with known facts. Finally, it touches on components of a research proposal, including functions, purposes, potential reasons for failure, and general elements like the introduction, problem statement and objectives.
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Assignment 9 Answer the following questions. 1. Review the lis.docx
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Research getting started
- 1. Your Research Paper: Getting Started Defining the Topic and Determining the Information Requirements
- 2. Learning Objectives At the end of this tutorial, you should be able to: identify the keywords or main concepts in your topic formulate and state a search question broaden or narrow the scope of your search determine the information requirements of a question, problem or issue recognize whether particular types of sources, formats or points of view are needed
- 3. Stating Your Topic as a Question A good way to start your search is to state your topic as a question. This will help you clarify your thoughts and define your topic. For example, if your topic is stroke patients and rehabilitation, you could ask questions such as: When should strokepatientsreceive rehabilitation? What kind of rehabilitationhas been shown to be effective in stroke patients? Should we try to improve motor skillsor daily livingskillsin stroke patients?
- 4. Identifying Concepts Once you have stated your topic as a question, you need to identify the main concepts, or keywords, in the question. Do this by picking out the significant terms in your question. stroke patientsrehabilitation motor skills daily living skills Once you have picked out the keywords in your questions, make a list of synonyms and related terms. This list may provide you with additional terms to use when searching for information. It may also suggest ways to narrow or broaden your topic.
- 5. Narrowing Your Topic Finding too much information may mean that you need to narrow your topic. For example, daily living skills is more specific than rehabilitation and constraint induced movement therapy is more specific than daily living skills.
- 6. Try rewording your question with more specific terms Instead of asking: “What types of rehabilitationare used for stroke patients?” You can ask: “Should we try to improve motor skills or daily living skillsin patients with stroke?” (a narrower question) or “What is the optimum frequency and duration of constraint induced movement therapy to improve self-care skills after a stroke?” (another narrower question)
- 7. Broadening Your Topic If your topic is too narrow, try selecting terms that are more general. For example, hemorrhagic stroke is more general than middle cerebral artery hemorrhagic stroke, and stroke is more general than hemorrhagic stroke.
- 8. Try rewording your question with broader terms Instead of asking: “What is the effect of middle cerebral artery hemorrhagic stroke on the Wernicke’s area of the brain?” (very narrow question) You can ask: “Can a hemorrhagic stroke affect speech?” (a broader question)
- 9. What Type of Assignment Is It? Take some time to understand exactly what you are being asked to do. Below are some assignment examples:
- 10. How Much Information Do You Need? Below are some things to think about when determining the information requirements of your assignment.
- 11. Some assignments require that you use the most currentinformation: What does current research (last 3 years) say about local versus general anesthesia? While others require historical information or information over a period of time: Explain the origins of general anesthesia and how it has developed over time. Do You Need Current or Historical Information or Both?
- 12. Do You Need Information From A Particular Type of Source? Be sure to check your assignment instructions to see what type(s) of information you need to find. Below are some of the possibilities.