This document summarizes the progress made in synthesizing metal complexes to model the active site of the nickel-containing enzyme Ni-ARD. The synthesis involves creating ligands based on diamines and protecting/deprotecting groups. Zinc analogs will be made first for method development before synthesizing nickel complexes. So far, multi-step syntheses have yielded protected and deprotected ligands, with one ligand ready for metal coordination. Further work is needed to complete the targeted family of zinc and nickel complexes to study structure-function relationships at the Ni-ARD active site.
Here we have discussed about the separation of binary organic mixtures and identification of the functional groups and preparation of solid derivatives.
Synthesis and Characterization of cyclohexylidene containing novel cardo pol...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
Using acid base chemistry in the separation of substances can be a quite useful technique in organic chemistry. A basic extraction can be carried out by applying a hot solvent such as water to a dry substance like coffee. This will allow for the extraction of caffeine and flavor from the coffee beans. Acid base chemistry can be useful in separating neutral, basic, and acidic organic substances by controlling the pH of the aqueous layer. In acid base extraction a solvent such as ether is mixed with an aqueous solution of a different pH. This will aid in ionizing the intended compound and separate it from the mixture. Once the molecule is ionized it will precipitate out of the ether solvent and dissolve into the aqueous layer. The aqueous layer can then be removed and the pure substance can be obtained through crystallization.
Here we have discussed about the separation of binary organic mixtures and identification of the functional groups and preparation of solid derivatives.
Synthesis and Characterization of cyclohexylidene containing novel cardo pol...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
Using acid base chemistry in the separation of substances can be a quite useful technique in organic chemistry. A basic extraction can be carried out by applying a hot solvent such as water to a dry substance like coffee. This will allow for the extraction of caffeine and flavor from the coffee beans. Acid base chemistry can be useful in separating neutral, basic, and acidic organic substances by controlling the pH of the aqueous layer. In acid base extraction a solvent such as ether is mixed with an aqueous solution of a different pH. This will aid in ionizing the intended compound and separate it from the mixture. Once the molecule is ionized it will precipitate out of the ether solvent and dissolve into the aqueous layer. The aqueous layer can then be removed and the pure substance can be obtained through crystallization.
ibadah umroh, biaya umroh dan haji, umroh dan haji, paket umrah, haji umroh, travel haji dan umrah, bimbingan haji dan umroh, umroh haji, panduan umroh, travel umroh dan haji, umroh desember, program umroh, promo umroh murah 2016, manasik haji dan umroh, tour umroh, biaya paket umroh, umroh biaya, harga biaya umroh, bisnis travel umroh, travel umroh haji,
Synthesis of new chelating ion exchange resins derived from guaran and diviny...IOSR Journals
New chelating ion exchange resin containing hydroximate of 5 amino salicylic acid was synthesized by incorporating it in divinylbenzene styrene (DVBS) copolymer. Hydrophilic polysaccharidematrix ofguaran was also used to incorporate hydroximate of 5 amino salicylic acid in it. The resin characteristics were studied by determining its bulk density, specific bulk volume, moisture content, degree of substitution and ion exchange capacity. The resin was characterized by means of IR spectra, Nitrogen content and pH titration. The distribution coefficient values of different metal ions namely Fe(II), Cu(II) , Zn(II) , Cd(II) , Co(II) , Ni(II), Ca(II), U(VI), Cr(VI) & W(VI) was carried out on these resins as a function of pH . Metal analysis was done by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The hydroximate derivative of guaran is found to be more selective than that of diving benzene co-polymer.
Another client, Ms. Dunham, has asked you to help her understand h.docxjustine1simpson78276
Another client, Ms. Dunham, has asked you to help her understand how her tax is computed. You need to provide Ms. Dunham with the following:
· An example of how to calculate the tax liability using the tax rate table and the tax rate formula for a taxpayer with taxable income of $55,000, filing status married filing jointly.
· An explanation of the marginal tax rate and average tax rates for this tax payer.
Be clear in our elaboration s that Ms. Dunham, a person with no business or tax background, can understand.
Kinetics of the Hydrolysis of
Atmospherically Relevant
Isoprene-Derived Hydroxy Epoxides
N E I L C . C O L E - F I L I P I A K ,
A L I S O N E . O ’ C O N N O R , A N D
M A T T H E W J . E L R O D *
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 119 Woodland
Street, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074
Received June 4, 2010. Revised manuscript received July
16, 2010. Accepted July 19, 2010.
Isoprene (the most abundant nonmethane hydrocarbon
emitted into the atmosphere) is known to undergo oxidation to
2-methyl-1,2,3,4-butanetetraol, a hydrophilic compound
present in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in the atmosphere.
Recent laboratory work has shown that gas phase hydroxy
epoxides are produced in the low NOx photooxidation of isoprene
and that these epoxides are likely to undergo efficient acid-
catalyzed hydrolysis on SOA to 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-butanetetraol at
typical SOA acidities. In order to confirm this hypothesis, the
specific hydroxy epoxides observed in the isoprene photooxidation
experiment (as well as several other related species) were
synthesized, and the hydrolysis kinetics of all species were
studied via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. It
was determined that the isoprene-derived hydroxy epoxides
should undergo efficient hydrolysis under atmospheric conditions,
particular on lower pH SOA. An empirical structure-reactivity
model was constructed that parametrized the hydrolysis
rate constants according to the carbon substitution pattern on
the epoxide ring and number of neighboring hydroxy functional
groups. Compared to the previously studied similar nonfunc-
tionalized epoxides, the presence of a hydroxy group at the R
position to the epoxy group was found to reduce the hydrolysis
rate constant by a factor of 20, and the presence of a hydroxy
group at the beta position to the epoxy group was found to
reduce the hydrolysis rate constant by a factor of 6.
Introduction
Because secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is known to play
a critical role in issues such as air pollution (1) and climate
change (2), there continues to be intense interest in the
formation mechanisms for these particles. Isoprene,
the dominant non-methane hydrocarbon emitted into the
atmosphere (3), has only recently been implicated in SOA
formation. In 2004, Claeys et al. identified 2-methyl-1,2,3,4-
butanetetraol in SOA found in air samples from the Amazon
and inferred that it must be an oxidation product of isoprene
(4). Several laboratory an.
Green Chemistry Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions: Synthesis, ch...Karam Idrees
The poster that I presented at the 253rd American Chemical Society National Meeting and Exposition in San Francisco,
CA. It highlights some of my research at Millersville University under the mentorship of Dr. Edward Rajaseelan.
A STUDY ON FORMATION OF SALYCILIC ACID FORMALDEHYDE POLYMER SAMPLEEDITOR IJCRCPS
Condensation of salicylic acid (0.02 mole) with formaldehyde (0.016 mole) in presence of aqueous 40% H2SO4.
Keywords: pipette,thermometer,spectro-photometer,conicalflakk,waterbath.
Synthesis And Characterization of Novel Processable Poly (EtherAzomethine)S C...inventionjournals
The novel dialdehyde 1,1-bis[4-(4-benzaldehyde oxy) phenyl] cyclopentane (III) (BBPC) was synthesized starting from cyclopentanone and phenol to give 1, 1-Bis (4-hydroxy phenyl) cyclopentane (II); followed by reaction with p- fluorobenzaldehyde in N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMAc), containing anhydrous potassium carbonate. New series of poly (ether – azomethine)s were synthesized from (BBPC) with different diamines such as 4, 4’- diamino diphenyl ether (ODA),4,4’-diaminodiphenyl methane(MDA),4-aminophenyl sulfone(SDA), p-phenylene diamines, etc. in DMAc with 5 wt% LiCl by solution polycondensation technique. Inherent viscosities of these polymers were in the range 0.19 to 0.42 dL/g indicating formation of moderate molecular weights. These polymers exhibited good solubility in various polar aprotic solvents such as Nmethylpyrrolidone (NMP), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), etc. X-Ray diffraction pattern of polymers showed that introduction of cardo cyclopentylidene moiety containing ether linkage would disrupt the chain regularity and packing, leading to amorphous nature. Thermal analysis by TGA showed excellent thermal stability of polymers. The structure- property correlation among these polyazomethines were studied; in view of their potential applications as high performance polymers.
1. Abstract
Nickel is not a common element naturally available due to its reactivity with oxygen; however it
serves an important role as the metal center for a metalloenzyme, Nickel Acireductone Dioxygenase (Ni-
ARD),found in the methionine salvage pathway. Ni-ARD, one of the only dioxygenases containing
nickel, is a critical component of a recycling pathway in which the amino acid methionine is
recycled in bacteria and plants. There are multiple enzymes present throughout the pathway, but
the cause for the reaction with the substrate acireductone resulting from Ni-ARD versus Fe-
ARD, whose weights only differ from which metal center is in place, is the area focused on in
this research. In the methionine salvage pathway the Fe-ARD acts to continue the pathway, to
allow methionine to be recycled, and the other associated reactions to continue to occur within
the pathway. These associated reactions are involved in the synthesis of polyamines and
ethylene, required for cell growth in bacteria and fruit ripening in plants, to continue. However,
Ni-ARD acts to discontinue the pathway not allowing methionine to be recycled, and preventing
the other associated reactions from taking place. This stark difference in function of the two
ARD enzymes causes speculation as to what is actually occurring at their active sites, where the
metal and surrounding structures bind and interact with the ligands. To determine how the metal
center is reacting with the surrounding protein based ligands would allow an understanding of
why Ni-ARD interacts with the substrate, acireductone, in a way to discontinue the pathway.
The structure and function of the enzyme are determined partially by the center’s active site. This
is the basis for a novel family of metal complexes that have been synthesized and characterized
to model the structural and electronic properties at the Ni-ARD active site. Zinc and Nickel
analogous metal complexes with slight structural alterations were used for comparison to begin
analyzing the structure-function relationship of these models.
The process of biomimetic modeling will be utilized to create chemical models in the lab to
mimic the chemical environment found at the active site of the Ni-ARD enzyme. By creating a
family of eight proposed metal complexes, each comprised of a slight variation in structure,
analysis and later reactivity tests, will allow examination of the structure function relationship
witnessed between the metal and surrounding ligand. Nickel being reactive with oxygen and
paramagnetic due to unpaired electrons in its d-orbital, requires the use of Zinc to develop
methods along with characterization. Zinc analogues of the metal complexes are first created to
develop methods to give a basis to follow for the synthesis of the Nickel complexes.
This paper will discuss the progress made so far on the production of the assigned Zn and Ni
complexes; [ZnII(OHMe26-H-DPPN)](OTf)2, and [NiII(OHMe26-H-DPPN)](OTf)2.
2. Experimental section
Synthesis of 1-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)propyl diamine)(NPNBoc)
Di-tert-butyl-dicarbonate (Boc) (3.05 g, 13.9 mmol) was dissolved in 200ml of dichloromethane
into a 250 ml beaker. The solution was placed into the addition funnel. Separately 1,3-
diaminopropane (7.05 ml, 83.8 mmol) was dissolved in 25 ml of dichloromethane and placed in
a 500ml round bottom flask with a fitting that matches the addition funnel. A stir bar is also
added to this round bottom flask. The Boc solution was added to the ethylene diamine solution
in the round bottom flask at room temperature dropwise via addition funnel over 6hr and allowed
to stir overnight. This reaction should be monitored to ensure that dripping continues steadily for 6hrs,
at a rate of approximately 1 drop/sec. At the end of the overnight process the contents from the round
bottom flask were filtered via gravity filtration and poured into a clean Erlenmeyer flask to remove the
white precipitate. Once everything was poured out of the round bottom flask ~10mL of dichloromethane
were used to rinse the inside of the flask to ensure transfer of all material. The resulting clear
dichloromethane solution containing the desired compound was added to a 500 ml separation funnel.
Following, ~200ml of a saturated sodium carbonate solution were added to the separation funnel,
resulting in a formation of 2 layers. The dichloromethane (organic) layer will be the one at the bottom due
to its density. A standard wash was performed on this mixture, involving sodium carbonate and sodium
chloride (to rid of unwanted ions). Organic layer is then drained into a clean 500ml conical flask. The
sodium carbonate “dirty” layer is poured into a separate ~500ml Erlenmeyer flask as well. The organic
dichloromethane layer is then put back on the separation funnel and the procedure is repeated one more
time by washing it with another ~200ml of saturated sodium carbonate. At the end of the second wash
there should be a combined dichloromethane organic layer from both of the washes and a combined
“dirty” sodium carbonate layer. The organic dichloromethane layer was added again to the separation
funnel and ~200 ml of brine were added to it on the separation funnel. This mixture was washed one more
time following the same process as that used for the sodium carbonate washes. The bottom organic
dichloromethane layer was collected into a clean Erlenmeyer flask and the brine solution was collected
into a separate,large Erlenmeyer flask. The combined organics were dried with Na2SO4 (enough to see no
more clumping of Na2SO4 ) to ensure removal of any extraneous water resulting from the washes. After
10-15 min of letting this solution stand the sodium sulfate drying agent is removed via gravity filtration
and the solution is placed into a pre-weighed 500ml round bottom flask. The solvent dichloromethane is
then removed via rotovap resulting in a clear oil. After the solvent is dried completely the weight of the
resulting flask is measured and the yield calculated for the reaction. Obtained 2 samples of NPNboc,
1.26g, and 2.04g of NPNBoc (51.9%, and 84% yield respectively).
Synthesis of N-[tert-Butyloxycarbonyl]-N',N'-[bis(2-pyridilmethyl)]propane-1,2-diamine (6-H-
DPPNBoc).
The synthesis of 6-H-DPPNBoc was adapted from the synthetic procedure described by Bernal et. al.
Both samples of NPNBoc (1.26g, and 2.04g) were dissolved, separately, in 5M NaOH (13.5 ml) and
added at room temperature to a solution of 2-picolyl chloride hydrochloride (2.37g, 3.84g) also dissolved
in NaOH (13.5ml). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for three days at room temperature. At the
end of this period water (25 ml) was added to the mixture and this is extracted with dichloromethane (3x
50 ml) and the combined organics were washed with brine resulting in a pale orange oil. The oil was
3. purified via column chromatography (70:30 Acetone:DCM) to afford clean products (2.00g, 3.10g, and
43.8%, 67.8% yield).
Synthesis of [N,N-bis(2-pyridilmethyl)propane-1,2-diamine] (6-H-DPPN). 6-H-DPPNBoc (1.55 g) was
dissolved in dichloromethane (3.00 ml) at room temperature. 3.60 ml Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was
added and the brown mixture was allowed to warm up and stir at room temperature overnight. At the end
of this period all volatiles were evaporated and 5M NaOH (20 ml) added to the oily mixture. The aqueous
layer is extracted with dichloromethane (5x 50 ml) resulting in an orange oil the desired product in 98.4%
yield (1.27g).
Discussion and results
Sodium sulfate should be preferred drying agent unless more powerful one required (KOH).
Column conditions have shown to be optimum at a 70:30 (or 66:33, run TLC for comparison)
acetone:dcm ratio
Most challenges in drying of samples and compounds, due to problems with roto-vap and
vacuum pump (of shlank line).
Currently have 1 sample of 6-H DPPN ready for metal chemistry, and 2 samples of 6-H DPPN
Boc which need to be run through column and then deprotected before being ready for metal
complex synthesis.
NMR spectra to be taken when the project is picked up again during the fall
5. TLC results of post-column 6-H DPPN Boc showing successful purification
Conclusion
Learned how to work a shlank line.
Future work
Completion of synthesis and analysis of enzyme analogues.