2. Audience Research
2012 - (1,582 children and 1,491 adults)
• 2% of both adults and children reported that they were vegetarian
• Less than 1% reported following a vegan diet
2011 - (1,095 children (1.5-18 years), 1,031 adults)
• 2% of both adults and children reported that they were vegetarian
• Less than 1% reported following a vegan diet
2010 - (583 children (1.5-18 years), 548 adults)
• 2% of both adults and children reported that they were vegetarian
• Less than 1% reported following a vegan diet
2011
• 6% 'mainly vegetarian' (ate fish but no meat)
• 3% estimated to be completely vegetarian
• 2001-2011 number of people completely vegetarian fell from 3 million to 1.9 million
2007 - 1,003 adults
• 8% claimed 'I, or another member of this household, is a vegetarian who perhaps eats
fish'
• 7.5% claimed 'I, or another member of this household, used to be vegetarian, who
perhaps ate fish'
2006 - 1,000 adults
• 12% claimed to be vegetarian, or someone in the household was vegetarian
• 9.9% claimed they, or someone else in the household, used be vegetarian
http://www.vegsoc.org/page.aspx?pid=753
3. Vegetarian Demographics
The Vegetarian Society guesses that there are
around 4 million vegetarians in UK which is 7%
of the population, but recent surveys show that
the figures near the 3 million mark which is 5%
of the population.
In 2001 the UK population had around 4% of
people which were vegetarians, which meant
that 16% of people ate meat free meals most of
the time or all of the time.
4. Fact
The meat-free and free-from food markets were
valued at £949 million for 2012 with almost four in
10 consumers in the UK, buying vegetarian or meat-
free food, while one in five (20%) have bought free-
from food.
Over 1.3 billion human beings could be fed each
year from the grain and soybeans that go to
livestock in the United States.
It takes 7.5 pounds of protein feed to create 1 pound
of consumable hog protein; and it takes 5 pounds of
protein feed to create 1 pound of consumable
chicken protein. Close to 90% of protein from wheat
and beans is lost to feed cycling.
5. History
Vegetarianism is believed to have come from India and
Ancient Greece in the 5th century BCE.
However Vegetarianism has now grown over almost all
religions and in almost all countries; especially in Egypt, India
and Asia; with beliefs that non-violence towards animals was
an ideal in life. This belief was promoted by religious groups
and Philosophers and spread the idea of Vegetarianism. The
idea that animals, if not most, were declared to be protected
spread the idea of Vegetarianism further.
This covered all animals from parrots to bats to boneless fish
to squirrel to all four-footed creatures. They would allow the
animals that had young or feeding their babies to be
protected too. They also wouldn’t allow people to burn down
trees/forests just so then they could get birds. It was all
banned by the “Edicts of Ashoka, Fifth Pillar”
6. When the Romans invaded Europe, vegetarianism
disappeared in all places apart from India. In
medieval Europe some monks banned the eating of
fish; their fish were mammal like dolphins and seals.
They also ate Porpoise, Barnacle geese, Puffin and
beavers.
The first Vegetarian society was formed in 1847 in
the united Kingdom. Other countries followed like
Germany, Netherlands.
The international Vegetarian union was founded in
1908. During the 20th century the popularity of
Vegetarianism grew as a result of nutritional, ethical
and environmental and economic concerns
7. Introduction and Definition
Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the
consumption of meat. This includes red
meat, poultry, seafood and the flesh of any other
animal. It may also include abstaining from the by-
products of animal slaughter; this includes animal-
derived rennet and gelatin, as well as animal produce
such as eggs and milk for example. Vegetarianism
covers Vegans and Vegetarians as well as
Lacto, Ovo, Ovo-Lacto, Raw
Veganism, Fruitarianism, Buddhist Vegetarianism and
Jain Vegetarianism.
8. Semi Vegetarianism
Semi vegetarian diets are diets that adopt one
aspect of meat into their diet, this can be
pork, beef, fish, chicken etc. Semi vegetarian diets
include;
• pescetarianism, which includes fish and seafood
• pollotarianism, includes chicken and other poultry
• pollo-pescetarian, a white meat only diet which
includes poultry and fish
• macrobiotic diets consisting mostly of whole
grains and beans, but may sometimes include fish
9. What Vegetarians Eat
Vegetarians abstain from eating meat, but this protein intake
needs to replaced, and there are many meat substitutes
available now for Vegetarians to consume.
These include chicken, pork, fish and beef style products and can
be made from plant based materials from either soy or wheat
protein or from grains and pulses or mycroproteins. These
products can be available fresh, dried or frozen and include foods
such as Tofu, Tempeh, Seitan, Quorn (a branded form of
mycroprotein) as well and whole grains and legumes which
include pinto beans, navy beans, kidney beans, lentils, peanuts
and other notes and black eyes and split peas.
Link; http://www.peta.org/living/vegetarian-living/meat-replacements.aspx
10. What Vegetarians Cannot Eat
Depending on how strict the vegetarian is depends on what
products they do and do not consume. However all meat
based products such as chicken, pork, beef, and fish are
avoided. Foods that the individual has to decide on
consuming are animal products such as eggs, milk, honey,
cheeses and creams, or animal by-products such as gelatin
and animal derived rennet. Most sweets, especially jelly
styled sweets contain gelatin and it is up to the Vegetarian
to decide what they can and cannot eat, however most tend
to avoid gelatin.
11. Why People Become Vegetarian
People become Vegetarian for a variety of reasons, however
most choose to become Vegetarian due to not wanting to
consume meat; either on personal, religious of health
grounds.
We are going to explore why people become Vegetarian.
12. Animal Welfare and Animal Rights
People usually become Vegetarian due to Ethical reasons and
this is known as Ethical Vegetarianism. Ethical Vegetarianism is
popular in developed countries such as the United States and the
Europe due to the rise of factory farming and the lack of animal
welfare and animal rights that this causes.
The Foods Standards Agency, along with the help of The RSPCA
investigates cases of animal cruelty in farming, and set up a Red
Tractor, which helps consumers knows that the meat that they
are buying is produced to the required standards. However there
have been cases where this has been discovered to be untrue.
Animal Cruelty in farming includes the mistreatment of animals
and abuse as well as a lack of medical treatment for sick
animals.
13. The news story to the right is
from Farmers Weekly after an
RSPCA investigation into Red
Tractor meat, discovered animal
abuse at a pig farm in Norfolk.
The RSPCA started to investigate
this farm due to receiving
footage from an insider that
revealed the mistreatment of
pigs at the farm.
Consumers can never be certain
how the meat that they are
buying and consuming, especially
when news stories such as these
are being produced, and this is
one reason why people can
abstain from eating meat.
Link;
http://www.fwi.co.uk/articles/14/02/2012/13
1426/rspca-investigates-pig-farm-cruelty-
case.htm
14. Health and Well Being
Some Vegetarians choose to abstain from eating meat on the
grounds of health reasons. Health reasons include animal to
human disease transmission, personal health and dietary
reasons, as well as longevity reasons.
15. Longevity
Longevity is used to describe life expectancy, and ways to increase someone's
life span through changes to their lifestyle and their diet.
In 1999 a metastudy was created, and combined the data from five studies
conducted in Western countries. This metastudy reported mortality ratios as
well as the number of deaths in each category. It concluded that regular meat
eaters and Vegans shared a mortality rate of 1.00, which was higher that that
of fish eaters (pescetarians) at 0.82, Vegetarians at 0.84 and occasional meat
eaters (less that once a week) at 0.84.
This shows that eating meat increasing mortality. However individual lifestyles
vary and this could also have an impact, but the overall conclusion is that
eating meat can increase mortality, and this could be a reason why some
people become Vegetarian.
16. Animal to Human Disease Transmission
Some Vegetarians chose to become Vegetarian on the grounds of stopping
Animal to Human Disease Transmission which arises when an infected animal
has infected a human, making them ill. An example of a Animal to Human
Disease Transmission is Salmonella, which has been reported to infect half of
all chickens that are sold in the United States alone.
Cows also carry Animal to Human diseases, one of which is the Bovine
Leukaemia Virus which has been linked with the HTLV1 which causes cancers
in humans. Cows also carry a form of HIV which is known as BIV – the Bovine
Immunodeficiency Virus – which can infect human cells.
Animal to Human disease transmissions can also cause human cancers, birth
defects and mutations in babies, as well as many other diseases in humans
according to scientists.
Avian Influenza causes human deaths and is known as H5N1 and has been
found in Chickens in Hong Kong in 1997 and in the UK in the spring of 2006.
The next two slide shows how Avian Influenza was spread in the UK.
Therefore avoiding eating meat decreases the chances of being affected these
diseases.
Link; http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4882824.stm
17.
18.
19. Cancer and Other Illnesses
People can also chose to become Vegetarian to
help them recover or have a better quality of
life from diseases and illnesses such as Arthritis
and Cancer.
This is due consuming a diet that is full of
vitamins, phytochemicals and fibre, which are
all essential in helping prevent, fight and
recover from illnesses such as cancer.
The article to the right is from the NHS
describing that Vegetarians are less likely to
develop cancer at a rate of -45%.
A statement about why becoming Vegetarian
or being Vegetarian, and its health benefits
states that ‘One particular study made the link
between dairy products and the risk of ovarian
cancer due in part to the fact that the process
to break down lactose (milk sugar) in turn
damages the ovaries. For men, daily meat
Links;
http://www.nhs.uk/news/2009/07July/Pag consumption increased their risk of prostate
es/VegetarianDietCancerProtection.aspx enlargement by triple.’
http://www.howtobecomeavegetarian.org
/Vegetarians-And-Cancer.html
20. Religion
People right adopt a Vegetarian diet due to religious, spiritual or
philosophical reasons, and many religions state that leading a
Vegetarian diet is beneficial.
Religions that have Vegetarian diets are Baha’I Faith, Buddhism,
Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, Sikhism and
Rastafarism for a variety of reasons.
We are going to explore these religions and why these Religions
have adopted this dietary choice.
Links; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diets
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism#Treatment_of_animals
21. Christianity
Despite Vegetarianism being an uncommon practice in current Christian culture
it does occur especially with Seventh-Day Adventists, Quakers, members of the
Orthodox Church and has its history of Vegetarianism from William Cowherd.
Cowherd adopted a Vegetarian diet and founded the Bible Christian Church in
1809. He was also one of the first people to found the philosophical beliefs of the
Vegetarian Society. He encouraged his members to abstain from eating meat.
Seventh-day Adventists are encouraged to engage in healthy eating practices by
the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists Nutrition Council (GCNC). Ova-
lacto-vegetarian and Vegetarian diets are recommended by the GCNC for Seventh
Day Adventists.
Members of the Orthodox Church follow a vegan diet during fasts.
Quakers have had a relation with Vegetarianism since the 1700s due to society
purity, social issues and vivisection, they founded the Friends Vegetarian Society
in 1902.
Two diets which Christians follow are the Edenic diet and the Hallelujah Diet. The
Edenic diet is a diet based on what Adam and Eve are believed to have consumed
in the Garden of Eden and it is either Vegetarian or Vegan but based on fruit, this
is popular amongst Christians.
The Hallelujah diet was developed in 1970, and states that Christians should only
consume seed bearing plants and fruits and this is a form of Vegetarianism.
22. Bahá'í Faith
The Bahá'í Faith was founded in Persia, but is practiced by over six million
people in more than 200 countries in the world. Its faith has been created by
the messages from different messengers that include Moses, Buddha, Jesus
and Muhammad among others.
The Bahá'í Faith has no dietary restrictions in the Bahá'í Faith the son of the
religions founder (`Abdu'l-Bahá), stated to the faiths followers that a
vegetarian diet consisting of fruits and grains was ‘desirable’ to those people
who were not sick. Bahá stated that the ‘future society should gradually
become vegetarian’ for the good of animal compassion.
23. Buddhism
Buddhism does not have any specific dietary rules but some Buddhists
practice Vegetarianism. This is based on the strict interpretation of the
Five Precepts.
Vegetarianism has also been based on the Buddhist monks belief that if
they ‘see, hear or know’ that a living animal has been killed for them to
eat, they must refuse it, otherwise they will incur an offense from
Buddha.
This does not include meat which has been commercially purchased for
people to eat.
Even though Buddha states that meat should be avoided, certain meats
cannot be eaten at all and these are human, elephant, horse, dog,
snake, lion, tiger, leopard, bear, and hyena meats due to their
symbolism.
Chinese Buddhists tend not to eat meat where as Tibetan and Japanese
Buddhists tend to as a majority
24. Hinduism
Many Hindis hold vegetarian belief for different reasons; the
principle of nonviolence applied to animals; the intention to
offer only pure food to a deity and then to receive it back,
and the conviction that a sentient diet is beneficial for a
healthy body and mind and that non-vegetarian food is
essential for mind and spiritual development.
Hindu vegetarians usually consume milk and dairy products
in a lacto-vegetarian diet.
However, the food habits of Hindus vary according to their
community and according to regional traditions.
25. Rastafarian Faith
The Rastafarian faith, I-Tal, has a set of principles which
affects the diet of many Rastafarians, and it states that only
natural foods should be consumed, and as a result most
Rastafarians tend to follow a Vegetarian diet.
Other Religions That Follow Vegetarianism
• Jainism
• Judaism
• Islamic
• Sikhism
• Latter Day Saint Movement
26. Sources of Information
• PETA
• Vegetarian Society
• Quorn
• Redwood
• NHS Choices
• The Food Doctor
• Vegan Society
27. Companies that Produce Vegetarian Products
• Redwood
• Bute Island Foods – Sheese
• Granose
• Just Wholefoods
• Orgran - 'Free From' Foods
• Soyatoo
• Cauldron
• Quorn
• Linda McCartney
28. Quorn Foods’ vision is to help consumers eat more healthily and was launched
nationally in 1995. It is the UK’s 35th biggest food brand. Quorn offers a wide
range of meat-alternative products, made using Mycoprotein. Quorn products
have the taste and texture of meat and are significantly lower in saturated fat and
calories whilst being a good source of protein and fibre.
Quorn products are available in 11 countries;
• Sweden
• Netherlands
• Belgium
• Denmark
• Norway
• Switzerland
• Republic of Ireland
• United States
• Australia
• New Zealand
• UK
29. Redwood
Redwood are a company
that specialises in foods that
are totally free from animal
ingredients; alternatives to
meat and fish to dairy free
cheeses from natural plant
based foods.
Redwood Foods are also free
from hydrogenated
fats, eggs, GMOs, cholesterol
, artificial colours and
preservatives.
30. The Vegetarian Society
The Vegetarian Society was created in 1847 to
give support, advice and information to help
vegetarians people and to inform the public of
Vegetarianism.
The Vegetarian Society is an educational charity
working to support, represent and increase the
number of Vegetarians in the UK.
The Vegetarian Society works alongside
businesses, government agencies and charities
and relies on membership subscriptions and
donations to continue its work.
http://www.vegsoc.org/aboutus
31. Approved products ad catering
The Vegetarian Society states that for a product to be
approved by the Vegetarian Society as Vegetarian it must
fulfil all of the following criteria:
• Be free from animal flesh (meat, fowl, fish or shellfish),
meat or bone stock, animal or carcass fats, gelatine,
aspic or any other ingredients resulting from animal
slaughter.
• Contain only free range eggs, where eggs are used.
• Be free from genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
• There must be no cross contamination with non-
vegetarian products during the production process.
• Be cruelty-free - no animal testing is permitted.
http://www.vegsoc.org/page.aspx?pid=650
32. Famous Vegetarians
Abraham Lincoln, former President of US Blur, band
Adolf Hitler, infamous German Nazi Plato
dictator
Alanis Morissette, singer Claudia Schiffer, model
Albert Einstein, scientist Gary Glitter, singer
Albert Schweitzer, philosopher, and Sting, singer
physician Kate Moss, model
Alkaline Trio, Punk bank
Andrew White, guitarist of Kaiser Chiefs Billy Connelly, comedian
Bill Clinton, former American President Mark Twain
Boy George, singer Thomas Edison
Brad Pitt, actor Leonardo Da Vinci
Dalai Lama, leader of Tibetan Buddhism Charles Darwin
Demi Lovato, actress, musician Charlotte Bronte
Ellen Degeneres, TV personality
Benjamin Franklin, former President Russell Brand
Mahatma Gandhi, religious leader Rosa Parks
Martin Luther Morrissey
Ralph Waldo Emmerson Pamela Anderson
Pope, religious leader Ozzy Osborne
Socrates
Brigitte Bardot
Alexa Chung
Mike Tyson
