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RESEACH METHODS
By
Dr. Ochen William
Email: wocen@kyu.ac.ug
Phone: 0702999334
Meaning of Research
 Word ‘Research’ is comprises of two words = Re+Search. It
means to search again.
 So research means a systematic investigation or activity to
gain new knowledge of the already existing facts.
Research is an intellectual activity responsible for;
(i) Correcting the present mistakes
(ii) Removing existing misconceptions
(iii) Adding new learning to the existing fund of knowledge.
 Research is also considered as the application of scientific
method in solving the problems. It is a systematic, formal and
intensive process of carrying on the scientific method of
analysis.
 There are many ways of obtaining knowledge, They are:
(i) intuition
(ii) revelation
(iii) authority
(iv) logical manipulation of basic assumptions
(v) informed guesses
(vi) observation
(vii) reasoning by analogy
Purpose of Research
 The main aim of research is to find out the truth
which is hidden and which has not been discovered as
yet.
 Though each research study has its own specific purpose/aim,
some general objectives of research include
(i) To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new
insights into it.
(ii) To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular
individual,
situation or a group.
(iii) To determine the frequency with which something occurs or
with
which it is associated with something else.
(iv) To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between
variables.
Characteristics of Research
 The following are the characteristics of research
(i) Research is directed toward the solution of a problem.
(ii) Research requires expertise.
(iii) Research emphasizes the development of generalizations,
principles, or theories that will be helpful in predicting future
occurrences.
(iv) Research is based upon observable experience or empirical
evidences.
(v) Research demands accurate observation and description.
(vi) Research involves gathering new data from primary or first-
hand sources or using existing data for a new purpose.
(vii) Research is characterized by carefully designed procedures
that apply rigorous analysis.
(viii) Research involves the quest for answers to un-solved
problems.
(ix) Research is characterized by patient and unhurried activity.
(xi) Research is carefully recorded and collected.
(xii) Research sometimes requires courage.
Types of research
On the basis of nature of information
 Quantitative Research: When information is in the
form of quantitative data.
 Qualitative Research: When information is in the
form of qualitative data.
On the basis of nature of subject matter of research
 Experimental or Applied Research-usually
quantitative in nature
 Theoretical research-usually quantitative in nature
On the basis of method of research
(i) Philosophical Research: It is purely qualitative in nature and
we are
focusing on the vision of others on the content of research.
(ii) Historical Research: It is both qualitative as well as
quantitative in
nature and deals with past events.
(iii) Survey Research: It deals with present events and is
quantitative in
nature. It may further be sub-divided into; correlational
and exploratory type of research.
(iv) Experimental Research: This is purely quantitative in nature
and
deals with future events.
(v) Case-Study Research: It may be
qualitative as well as quantitative in nature depending upon the
content
Activity
Develop a research title/topic for the following
categories:
(i) Experimental research
(ii) Historical research
(iii) survey research
(iv) case study research
(v) Theoretical research
Research Process
Research process consists of series of actions or steps necessary
to effectively carry out research. These actions or steps are;
(i) Formulating the Research Problem
(ii) Extensive Literature Survey
(iii) Preparing the Research Design
(iv) Determining the Research Design
(v) Collecting the Research Data
(vi) Analysis of Data
(vii)Generalization and Interpretation
(viii) Preparing of the Report or Presentation of the Result
Formulating of the research problem
 At the very outset, the researcher must decide the general area
of interest or aspect of a subject matter that he would like to
inquire into and then research problem should be formulated
A research problem must be:
(i) Short and precise
(ii) Clear
(iii) It should stand out alone, but sometimes you may have two
or three problems embedded in your statement.
(iv) May include evidence inform of citations/references
RESEACH METHODS.pptx

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RESEACH METHODS.pptx

  • 1. RESEACH METHODS By Dr. Ochen William Email: wocen@kyu.ac.ug Phone: 0702999334
  • 2. Meaning of Research  Word ‘Research’ is comprises of two words = Re+Search. It means to search again.  So research means a systematic investigation or activity to gain new knowledge of the already existing facts. Research is an intellectual activity responsible for; (i) Correcting the present mistakes (ii) Removing existing misconceptions (iii) Adding new learning to the existing fund of knowledge.
  • 3.  Research is also considered as the application of scientific method in solving the problems. It is a systematic, formal and intensive process of carrying on the scientific method of analysis.  There are many ways of obtaining knowledge, They are: (i) intuition (ii) revelation (iii) authority (iv) logical manipulation of basic assumptions (v) informed guesses (vi) observation (vii) reasoning by analogy
  • 4. Purpose of Research  The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet.  Though each research study has its own specific purpose/aim, some general objectives of research include (i) To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it. (ii) To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group. (iii) To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else. (iv) To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables.
  • 5. Characteristics of Research  The following are the characteristics of research (i) Research is directed toward the solution of a problem. (ii) Research requires expertise. (iii) Research emphasizes the development of generalizations, principles, or theories that will be helpful in predicting future occurrences. (iv) Research is based upon observable experience or empirical evidences. (v) Research demands accurate observation and description. (vi) Research involves gathering new data from primary or first- hand sources or using existing data for a new purpose. (vii) Research is characterized by carefully designed procedures that apply rigorous analysis. (viii) Research involves the quest for answers to un-solved problems. (ix) Research is characterized by patient and unhurried activity. (xi) Research is carefully recorded and collected. (xii) Research sometimes requires courage.
  • 6. Types of research On the basis of nature of information  Quantitative Research: When information is in the form of quantitative data.  Qualitative Research: When information is in the form of qualitative data. On the basis of nature of subject matter of research  Experimental or Applied Research-usually quantitative in nature  Theoretical research-usually quantitative in nature
  • 7. On the basis of method of research (i) Philosophical Research: It is purely qualitative in nature and we are focusing on the vision of others on the content of research. (ii) Historical Research: It is both qualitative as well as quantitative in nature and deals with past events. (iii) Survey Research: It deals with present events and is quantitative in nature. It may further be sub-divided into; correlational and exploratory type of research. (iv) Experimental Research: This is purely quantitative in nature and deals with future events. (v) Case-Study Research: It may be qualitative as well as quantitative in nature depending upon the content
  • 8. Activity Develop a research title/topic for the following categories: (i) Experimental research (ii) Historical research (iii) survey research (iv) case study research (v) Theoretical research
  • 9. Research Process Research process consists of series of actions or steps necessary to effectively carry out research. These actions or steps are; (i) Formulating the Research Problem (ii) Extensive Literature Survey (iii) Preparing the Research Design (iv) Determining the Research Design (v) Collecting the Research Data (vi) Analysis of Data (vii)Generalization and Interpretation (viii) Preparing of the Report or Presentation of the Result
  • 10. Formulating of the research problem  At the very outset, the researcher must decide the general area of interest or aspect of a subject matter that he would like to inquire into and then research problem should be formulated A research problem must be: (i) Short and precise (ii) Clear (iii) It should stand out alone, but sometimes you may have two or three problems embedded in your statement. (iv) May include evidence inform of citations/references