The document discusses how to change direct speech into reported speech, also known as indirect speech. When changing direct speech into reported speech, pronouns, verb tenses, place/time expressions may need to be changed. Examples are provided to demonstrate how direct speech is rewritten as reported speech by changing these elements. The document also discusses how questions are changed from direct to reported speech by transforming them into indirect questions using interrogatives like or if/whether.
Aim: To practice the use of relative clauses (who, which, that, when and where)
Interaction: Individually or in groups
Exercise type: Filling in the gaps
Language: B1
Time: 10-15 minutes
Materials: Slideshow, 5 pieces of paper for each student, markers
Procedure: 1. Give each student 5 pieces of paper.
2. Instruct the students to write down a different relative pronoun (that, who, which, when or where) on each of the 5 pieces of paper that they have. Recommend the students to use colorful markers and write in big letters that are visible from a distance.
3. You will be showing your students slides with sentences on them. Each sentence is missing a relative pronoun.
4. Display the slide with the first sentence on it. Allow some time for your students to read the sentence and to come up with a missing relative pronoun. The students need to raise the paper with a suitable relative pronoun up in the air as soon as possible.
5. In some cases two variants are possible. If this is the case, the students need to raise two pieces of paper.
6. The first three students to raise correct papers get an extra point.
7. The person with the top score at the end of the game wins!
Aim: To practice the use of relative clauses (who, which, that, when and where)
Interaction: Individually or in groups
Exercise type: Filling in the gaps
Language: B1
Time: 10-15 minutes
Materials: Slideshow, 5 pieces of paper for each student, markers
Procedure: 1. Give each student 5 pieces of paper.
2. Instruct the students to write down a different relative pronoun (that, who, which, when or where) on each of the 5 pieces of paper that they have. Recommend the students to use colorful markers and write in big letters that are visible from a distance.
3. You will be showing your students slides with sentences on them. Each sentence is missing a relative pronoun.
4. Display the slide with the first sentence on it. Allow some time for your students to read the sentence and to come up with a missing relative pronoun. The students need to raise the paper with a suitable relative pronoun up in the air as soon as possible.
5. In some cases two variants are possible. If this is the case, the students need to raise two pieces of paper.
6. The first three students to raise correct papers get an extra point.
7. The person with the top score at the end of the game wins!
We use direct and indirect speech (quoted speech) to convey the speaker's words without any changes or sometimes with some changes. There are two different times/occasions when we need to speak differently. 1st face-to-face. When there are two persons or groups of people talking about anything require active and passive voice sentences. Like I want to speak English. I went to the park yesterday. In these situations, two persons are involved. For Instance:
First-person pronoun and second-person pronoun: “I, we & you.”
But sometimes we needed to share stories, describe events, or report something about the past. On such occasions, we use direct and indirect speech. And mostly third-person pronoun is involved.
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Reported speech1
1.
2. If we report what another person has
said, we usually do not use the speaker’s
exact words (direct speech), but reported
speech (indirect) .
3. When transforming statements, check whether
you have to change:
pronouns
present tense verbs (3rd person singular)
place and time expressions
tenses (backshift)
4. Example
direct speech
“I speak English.”
English.reported speech
He said that he spoke English.
5.
6.
7.
8. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech.
Change pronouns and time expressions where
necessary.
She said, "I am reading."
→ She said that ____________________
They said, "We are busy."
→ They said that ___________________
He said, "I know a better restaurant."
→ He said that _____________________
She said, "I woke up early."
→ She said that ____________________
He said, "I will ring her."
→ He said that _____________________
9. They said, "We have just arrived."
→ They said that _________________
He said, "I will clean the car."
→ He said that ___________________
She said, "I did not say that."
→ She said that __________________
She said, "I don't know where my shoes
are."
→ She said that __________________
He said: "I won't tell anyone."
→ He said that ____________________
10. REPORTING QUESTIONS
"Where is my umbrella?" she asked.
→ She asked _______________________
"How are you?" Martin asked us.
→ Martin asked us ___________________
He asked, "Do I have to do it?"
→ He asked ________________________
"Where have you been?" the mother asked her
daughter.
→ The mother asked her daughter ________
"Which dress do you like best?" she asked her
boyfriend.
→ She asked her boyfriend _______________
11. "What are they doing?" she asked.
→ She wanted to know ________________
"Are you going to the cinema?" he asked me.
→ He wanted to know _________________
The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?"
→ The teacher wanted to know __________
"How do you know that?" she asked me.
→ She asked me ______________________
"Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked
me.
→ My friend asked me __________________
12. When transforming questions,also note
that you have to:
transform the question into an indirect
question
use the interrogative or if / whether
13. Interrogative direct speech
“Why don’t you speak English?”
reported speech
He asked me why I didn’t speak English
Direct:
“Do you speak English?”
reported speech:
He asked me whether / if I spoke English.