- The document discusses the structure and layout of technical reports. It defines report writing as creating an account or occurrence of an event through observation or inquiry. - A technical report describes the process, progress, or results of a technical or scientific research project. It typically includes sections for the title, summary, contents, introduction, body, conclusions, references, and appendices. - The document provides guidelines for formatting reports, including using a standard font of size 12 points, appropriate margins, page numbers, and binding or stapling longer documents. Figures, tables, and equations should also be numbered and referenced in the text.

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Report writing
structure
presentation
Planning
Lay out of technical report

8. 1. Introduction
What is report writing?
The definition of report writing is creating an account or statement that describes
in detail an event, situation or occurrence, usually as the result of observation or
inquiry. The two most common forms of report writing are news report
writing and academic report writing.

10. Technical report
A technical report (also scientific report) is
a document that describes the process,
progress, or results of technical or scientific
research or the state of a technical or
scientific research problem

12.  Title Page
 Summary
 Contents
 Introduction
 The sections which make up
the body of the report
 Conclusions
 References
 Bibliography
 Acknowledgements
 Appendices (if appropriate)

13. Must include the title of the report. Reports for assessment,
where the word length has been specified, will often also require
the summary word count and the main text word count
A short summary of the whole report including important
features, results and conclusions

14. Numbers and lists all section and subsection headings with
page numbers
States the objectives of the report and comments on the way
the topic of the report is to be treated. Leads straight into the
report itself.

15. Divided into numbered and headed sections. These sections
separate the different main ideas in a logical order
A short, logical summing up of the theme(s) developed in the
main text

16. Details of published sources of material referred to or quoted
in the text (including any lecture notes and URL addresses of
any websites used)
Other published sources of material, including websites, not
referred to in the text but useful for background or further
reading.

17. List of people who helped you research or prepare the report,
including your proofreaders
Any further material which is essential for full understanding of
your report (e.g. large scale diagrams, computer code, raw
data, specifications) but not required by a casual reader

19. • Script
• Margins
• Page numbers
• Binding

20. Script
The report must be printed
single sided on white A4
paper. Hand written or dot-
matrix printed reports are not
acceptable.

21. Margins
All four margins must
be at least 2.54 cm

22. Page
numbers
Do not number the title,
summary or contents pages.
Number all other pages
consecutively starting at 1

23. Binding
• A single staple in the top left
corner or 3 staples spaced down
the left hand margin. For longer
reports (e.g. year 3 project
report) binders may be used.

25. Planning the report
• Collect your information. Sources include laboratory handouts
and lecture notes, the University Library, the reference books
and journals in the Department office. Keep an accurate record
of all the published references which you intend to use in your
report, by noting down the following information;
Journal Article Book
author(s) author(s)
title of article title of book (italic or
underlined)
name of journal (italic or
underlined)
edition, if appropriate
year of publication publisher
volume number (bold)
issue number, if provided (in
brackets) page numbers
year of publication
N.B. the listing of recommended textbooks in
section 16 contains all this information in the
correct format.
• Creative phase of planning. Write down topics
and ideas from your researched material in
random order. Next arrange them into logical
groups. Keep note of topics that do not fit into
groups in case they come in useful later. Put the
groups into a logical sequence which covers the
topic of your report.

26.  Structuring the report. Using your logical
sequence of grouped ideas, write out a rough
outline of the report with headings and
subheadings.

29. The report layout
The appearance of a report is no less important than its content. An
attractive, clearly organized report stands a better chance of being read.
Use a standard, font size 12point , such as Times New Roman, for the main
text. Use different font sizes, bold, italic and underline where appropriate
but not to excess. Too many changes of type style can look very fussy.

30. Equation and tables
Chapter numbering system
Figure and tables
Fount

31. Title page
The title page will vary according to style
required your company. Title page should
include
 Name of university
 Name of code of the subject
 Title of the report
 Name of author or authors
 Date of submission

32. Figures and tables
 Diagrams
 Graphs
 Sketches
 Photographs
 maps

33. Figures and tables
Tables represent data in columns
All figures and tables should be number and labelled. A
figure must be refer to in tex,indentify by its number ,e.g.
Figure 23.
Avoid using “the figure above”or”the figure bellow "all
figures and tables must be reference

34. Equation and formulas
.equation should be numbered as they appear in the
text, with a number in brackets on the right hand side
margin
e.g.
𝑥 =
−𝑏± 𝑏2−4𝑎𝑐
2𝑎
(1)
𝑎2
+ 𝑏2
= 𝑐2
(2)

35. Chapter numbering
system
.The numbering of chapter and
subheadings is normally understand
through the report. Third level headings
are geranly accepted limit(e.g. 8.4.3);too
many levels become confusing.

36. Fount
.fount that are use easy to read are gernaly
chosen for report. Time NewsRoman,Arial
and Helvetica are ,most popular
For size should be minimum of 12point for a
body text, larger size are use for headings

37. Appendices
.appendices are supplements to report they are include as separate
section, usually labelled Appendices A, Appendices B etc..
At the back of report.an appendix include
I. Information that is incident to the report
II. Raw data and evidence which support the report
III. Technical data which is too long and or detailed but which support
the report
IV. Maps, folded diagrams, tables of results, letters are some examples.

38. Conclusion

39. conclusion

40. M C Q S

41. • Generally, a shorter report is considered to be as;
A. one to five pages
B. three to five pages
C. four to five pages
D. two paragraph
M C Q S
• A list of illustrations, included; figures and tables, placed on;
A. abstract vision
B. title page
C. table of contents
D. bottom line

42. • A technical report establishes a _______
a) illogical conclusion
b) logical conclusion
c) personal prejudice
d) misplaced learning
M C Q S
• Which of these is not a part of a report?
a) Front matter
b) Gender
c) Front cover
d) Title page

43. M C Q S

44. M C Q S

45. What is the major focus on many technical writing
courses?
A. Monographies
B. Essays
C. Technical writings
M C Q S
Which one of the following is more effective Technical
Communication?
A. Oral communication
B. Mata communication
C. Non verbal communication
D. Witten communication

46. Thank
you