Service Core Optimal Proposal

1. 3
School of Architecture, Building and Design
Master of Architecture
Environment and Technology II
Service Core Optimal Proposal
Nicolas Wong Xiao En
0314377
November 2020

2. 4
Table of Content
1.0) Project Brief ……………………………………………………………………………………………………1
2.0) Introduction
2.1) Site Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….2
2.2) Site Climate Analysis ……………………………………………………………………4
3.0) Project Introduction
3.1) Hospitality & Culinary Art Vocational College …………..……………………7
3.2) Project Fire Guideline Information ……………………………….……………….8
4.0) Fire Appliance Access ……………………………………………………………………………………..9
5.0) Escape Provision Computation ……………………………………………………………………….11
6.0) Means of Escape
6.1) Escape Position ……………………………………………………………………………..13
6.2) Escape Travel Distance ………………………………………………………………….16
6.3) Escape Design Strategy ………………………………………………………………....19
7.0) Core Components …………………………………………………………………………………………..21
8.0) Fire Fighting ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..24
9.0) Climate Design Strategy ……………………………………………………………………..……………25
10.0) Reference …………………………………………………………………………………………..……………26

3. 1
1.0 Project Brief
This project aims to integrate fire core designs and design analysis with the study of firefighting
requirements from Uniform Building by Law 1984 (UBBL). It includes the design strategies on positions of
means of escape, fire staircases and climate design strategies. The proposed building will be categorized as
a ‘low-rise’building as the proposed building height does not exceed 18.3 meters. The study project focuses
on a proposed 4 stories hospitality & culinary vocational college located in Kampung Baru. The project is
part of the Urban Design Studio Project 1C assignment.

4. 2
2.0 Introduction
Figure 1: Map of Kampung Baru
Kampung Baru (sometimes spelledas Kampung Bharu (KB), meaning “New Village”,(coordinates 3°09’58”N,
101°42’45”E) is an urban heritage site nestled between Chow Kit and the Kuala Lumpur City Centre (KLCC).
It is located right at the heart of Kuala Lumpur’s financial and business district and is accessible by major
roads. KB has a total area equal to 110 hectares with a population of 45,000, hence making this low-rise
settlement one of the most densely populated in the city.

5. 3
Presently, the choosen site is a green field site in Kampung Baru that is being used as a soccer field. The
site is accessed throug Jalan Tun Razak and Jalan Raja Uda as well as being conveniently located 450m
from the Raja Uda MRT Station. A mix of traditional timber Malay houses, single and double-storey
residential housing surround the site. Landmarks near the site include the 26-storey Wisma Perkeso
and M101 Skywheel (78 storeys). The proposed building for the project is a public centric mixed-use
governmental building of not more than 5,000 - 8,000 sqm (gross floor area). In this study, the analysis
will mainly focus on the west facade of an office space on the second floor of the building.
Site
Figure 2: Kampung Baru macro site.

6. 4
Equinox. 21st March / September. 09:00 – 17:00
Winter Solstice. 21st December. 09:00 – 17:00
Summer Solstice. 21st June. 09:00 – 17:00
SUNPATH ANALYSIS
Using Ecotect software, the sun’s path were simulated
together with a model of the site and its surrounding
buildings in order to learn where the shadows and solar
exposed areas are throughout the year. The sun path
diagrams also allow architects to design effective
shading devices. By analyzing the two extreme angles
for Malaysia’s sun path, with Malaysia being slightly
above the equator line, the sun is further south in the
month of December while not as far north in the month
of June.
SHADOW ANALYSIS
From the shadow range diagrams generated by Ecotect,
the site is sufficiently shaded from the morning sun.
Adjacent to the site is 78 storeys M101 skywheel which
cast shadow on the north facade on site. From the
diagrams,during both winter and summer solstices,the
east and west of the building elevation is exposed to
direct solar radiation due to no neighbouring buildings
which offer shading to the site.
Figure 3: Solar & Shadow studiesof proposed site.

7. 5
Figure 4: Wind Rose Diagram
WIND AND RAINFALL ANALYSIS
SOUTHWEST MONSOON (LATE MAY TO SEPTEMBER).
The Southwest Monsoon is the drier season in Kampung Baru. The site experience monthly minimum
rainfall (refer to average monthly rainfall). The dominant wind is from the Southeast side. Less obstruction
for the wind to reach our site and minimum rainfall occur.
NORTHEAST MONSOON (NOVEMBER TO MARCH).
The Northeast monsoon is the major rainy season in Kampung Baru. The site experience the most rainfalls
(refer to average monthly rainfall. The dominant wind is from the Northeast side. The existing M101 Sky
wheel provides coverage from the incoming prevailing wind that brings the rain.

8. 6
WIND ANALYSIS
A wind analysis provides a visual model and analysis of how a proposed development will impact the user
through wind conditions. Wind studies are particularly important where a proposed development is
adjacent to existing or planned low-rise development, open spaces, warmer bodies and large public
amenity areas. It can be used to study how wind behaves on an urban scale to how a facade system
performs. Effectivity of the facade permeability as well as determining fast wind is essential to ensure the
user comfort under passive cooling through natural ventilation.
Average Monthly Rainfall
Rain falls throughout the year in Kampung Baru. The
most rain falls centered around November 14, with an
average total accumulation of 10.7 inches. While the
least rain falls around June 24, with an average total
accumulation of 4.4 inches.
Average Wind Speed
The average hourly wind speed in Kampung
Baru experiences mild seasonal variation over
the course of the year. The windlest day of
the year is July 26, with an average hourly
wind speed of 2.5 m/s. The wind speed will
act as a reference for the simulation study.
Figure 5: AverageMonthly Rainfallof Kampung Baru.
Figure 6: AverageWind Speed of Kampung Baru.

9. 7
3.0 Project Introduction
3.1 Hospitality & Culinary Art Vocational College
Surrounding the ideaof promoting heritage food culture in the Klang district, ‘Cookoon’ willact as aprimary
culinary apprenticeship incubator hub, aiming towards providing facilities and programs to help cultivate
future talents of heritage food enthusiastic. ‘Cookoon’ also aims to be the ‘Third Place’ of the Klang district
with its publicly open design that promotes permeability and accessibility to revitalize the interest of
heritage food to the public. Additionally, programs will be suited for everyone with no promotion of social
hierarchy and social status, prioritizing the sense of commonality to all users. The cascading building design
reflects the topography of the hill right across the West side of the proposed site, while simultaneously
provides visual permeability to the activities happening in the incubation hub.
Figure 9: Building Massing of Vocational College

10. 8
3.2 Project Fire Guideline Information
According to By-Law 134, 138, + Fifth Schedule and By-Law 167(2), 170(c), 171(c), and 175 + Seventh
Schedule in Uniform Building By Law, the Hospitality & Culinary Art Vocational College falls under the
Purpose Group of ‘II: Institutional’ and this will be used as a guideline information for further references.

11. 9
Massing A
= (Ground Floor):
= 7,468 m3
Massing C
= (Second Floor):
= 2,919 m3
Total volume of building in m3:
= 7,468 m3 + 6,788 m3 + 2,919 m3 + 2,156 m3
= 19,331 m3
Massing B
= (First Floor):
= 6,788 m3
Massing D
= (Third Floor):
= 2,156 m3
The calculation of total building volume shows a
total volume of 19,331 cubic meter. Thus, the
proposed building falls under the FIRST category
with ONE-SIXTH as the minimum proportions of
perimeter of building.
4.0 Fire Appliances Access
According to UBBL By-Law 140:
All building in excess of 7000 cubic metres shall abut upon a street or road or open space of not less than
12 metres width and accessibletofire brigade appliances.The proportion of the building abutting the street,
road or open space shall be in accordance with the following scale:
Massing D
Massing CMassing B
Massing A

12. 10
6m BOMBA ACCESS
(One-sixth proportion)
Minimum Length:
48m
Given Length:
50.1m
4.0 Fire Appliances Access GROUND FLOOR
An addition of fire hydrant located
withinthe vicinityofthe proposedsite
will be proposedinaccordance to By-
Law 225:
(2) Every building shall be served by
at least one fire hydrant located not
more than 91.5 metres from the
nearestpointof fire brigade access.
(3) Dependingonthesizeandlocation
of the building and the provision of
access for fire appliances, additional
fire hydrant shall be provided as may
be requiredbythe Fire Authority
Proposed Additional
Fire Hydrant Location
Perimeter of Building:
288m

13. 11
5.0 Escape Provision Computation
By-Law 175 – Calculation of Occupancy Load
175. Calculation of occupancy loads and capacity of exits shall be in accordance with the provisions of the
Seventh Schedule to these By-Laws.
By-Law 176 – Computing Storey exit width
176. To compute the required exit width from individual floors of a building:
(a) To calculate the floor area net or gross whichever is applicable;
(b) Determine the allowable occupancy load factor from Table;
(c) Divide the floor area by the number of square metre per person to determine the number of
persons for which exits must be provided for that floor;
(d) Determine from the table the capacity of the type of exit to be used for the purpose group being
designed; and
(e) Calculate the number of units of exit width for each type of exit used based upon the capacity.
By-Law 177 – Computing number of staircases and staircase widths
177. The following factors shall be used in computing the exit widths:
(d) Except as provided in these By-Laws, the minimum number of exits is two.
(e) At least one of the staircases should be minimum of two unit’s width except that 900mm may
be allowed where total occupancy of all floors served by staircases is less than 50.

14. 12
5.0 Escape Provision Computation
(A) Level Ground Floor First Floor Second Floor
(B) Purpose Group
/ Occupancy Load
V / 3 V / 6 V / 6
(C) Floor Area 2,419.79m2 2,136.64m2 1,447.01m2
(D) (C) / (D) 806.60 356.11 241.16
(E) Exit Capacity Required for
Stairs
806.60 / 100
= 8.07 units
356.11 / 100
= 3.56 units
241.16 / 100
= 2.41 units
(F) Minimum Staircase Width
(E x 550mm)
8.07 x 550mm =
4,435.5mm
3.56 x 550mm =
1,958mm
2.41 x 550mm =
1,325.5mm
Purpose Group: IV Shops
Total Levels: 3
Floor Areas: Ground Floor
2,419.79m2
First Floor
2,136.64m2
Second Floor
1,447.01m2
Based on the calculation above, the required exit width for all floors is calculated to be a total
minimum width of 4,435mm. Thus, the total 3 fire escapes being proposed in the building will be
designed each to have a 1,500mm escape width to fulfil a total 4,500mm exit width.

15. 13GROUND FLOOR
Ground Egress
to Open
Pedestrian Park
Unenclosed
Egress Staircase
Ground Egress
to Open
Pedestrian
Walkway
6.0 Means of Escape
6.1 Escape Position
GROUND FLOOR
As the proposed building has a
height measurement of only 10
metres above ground level, the
building does not need to comply
with By-Law 197 of requiring
‘Protected Lobbies’ as part of the
design of means of escape, as By-
Law 197 only applies on buildings
exceeding 18 metres above
groundlevel.
Additionally, By-Law 243 of
requiring ‘Fire Lifts’ in buildings
exceeding 18.5 metres is also
omittedfromthisbuildingdesign.
Compliance toBy-Law167
(1) Except as provided for in by-law 194 every compartment shall be
providedwithatleasttwostoreyexitslocatedasfaraspractical from
eachotherandinnocase closerthan4.5 metresandinsuchposition
that the travel distances specified in the Seventh Schedule to these
By-lawsare not exceeded.
Compliance toBy-Law168
(1) Except as provided for in by-law 194 every upper floor shall have
meansof egressviaat leasttwo separate staircase
Ground Egress to
Open Back Lane

16. 14FIRST FLOOR
Unenclosed
Egress Staircase
Fire
Staircase
Fire
Staircase
Fire
Staircase
6.1 Escape Position
CORE B
CORE A
CORE C

17. 15
SECOND FLOOR
Fire
Staircase
Fire
Staircase
Unenclosed
Feature Staircase
6.1 Escape Position
CORE B
CORE A

18. 16
THIRD FLOOR
Fire
Staircase
Fire
Staircase
Unenclosed
Feature Staircase
6.1 Escape Position
CORE B
CORE A

19. 17
GROUND FLOOR
AccordingtoUBBL SeventhSchedule of PurposeGroup II:Institutional,the maximumtraveldistancefora
proposedun-sprinkleredprogramme is30 metres.
The GroundFloorPlanshowsthe positionsof fire exitswiththe coverage of 30 metre radiuscircles.All of
occupiedspacesas showninFigure Xare coveredwithinthe radius,andissatisfactorytoBy-Laws165(4),
166(2), 167(1), and 170(b).
6.2 Escape Travel Distance
30m Radius
30m Radius
30m Radius

20. 18
FIRST FLOOR
6.2 Escape Travel Distance
30m Radius
30m Radius
30m Radius

21. 19SECOND FLOOR
6.2 Escape Travel Distance
30m Radius
30m Radius

22. 20
THIRD FLOOR
6.2 Escape Travel Distance
30m Radius
30m Radius

23. 21
Natural
Ventilated Fire
Staircase
By-Law225 - Everybuildingshallbe providedwithmeansof detectingandextinguishingfire andwithfire
alarmstogetherwith illuminatedexitsignsinaccordance withthe requirementsasspecifiedinthe Tenth
Schedule tothese By-laws
Accordingtothe NinthSchedule,thisbuildingistoabide toaminimumperiodof 2HOURSof fire resistance
for elements of structure. Thus, referringto the Notional Periods of Fire Resistance table, a minimum of
100mm THK unplasteredreinforcedconcrete is used on the load-bearing wallsof the core. Additionally,
according to By-Law162, ONE HOUR FIRE RATED DOOR isused forfire staircase fire door as to abide the
minimumrequirementof notlessthanhalf the requirementspecifiedinthe NinthSchedule.
7.0 Core Components
ONE HOUR FIRE RESISTINGSELF
CLOSINGDOOR CONSTRUCTED
IN ACCORDANCEWITH THE
UNIFORMBUILDING BY-LAWS
OR APPROVEDMANUF’SDOOR
150MM THK. R.C.WALL
WITH BARE FINISH
R.C. STAIRCASETO
STRUCT. DETAIL
TREAD: 275mm
RISER: 170mm
CORE A
FIRST FLOOR

24. 22
By-Law225 - Everybuildingshallbe providedwithmeansof detectingand extinguishingfire andwithfire
alarmstogetherwithilluminatedexitsignsinaccordance withthe requirementsasspecifiedinthe Tenth
Schedule tothese By-laws
Accordingtothe NinthSchedule,thisbuildingistoabide toaminimumperiodof 2HOURSof fire resistance
for elements of structure. Thus, referringto the Notional Periods of Fire Resistance table, a minimum of
100mm THK unplasteredreinforcedconcrete is used on the load-bearing wallsof the core. Additionally,
according to By-Law162, ONE HOUR FIRE RATED DOOR isused forfire staircase fire door as to abide the
minimumrequirementof notlessthanhalf the requirementspecifiedinthe NinthSchedule.
7.0 Core Components
ONE HOUR FIRE RESISTINGSELF
CLOSINGDOOR CONSTRUCTED
IN ACCORDANCEWITH THE
UNIFORMBUILDING BY-LAWS
OR APPROVEDMANUF’SDOOR
150MM THK. R.C.WALL
WITH BARE FINISH
R.C. STAIRCASETO
STRUCT. DETAIL
TREAD: 275mm
RISER: 170mm
CORE B
FIRST FLOOR

25. 23
By-Law225 - Everybuildingshallbe providedwithmeansof detectingandextinguishingfire andwithfire
alarmstogetherwithilluminatedexitsignsinaccordance withthe requirementsasspecifiedinthe Tenth
Schedule to these By-laws
Accordingtothe NinthSchedule,thisbuildingistoabide toaminimumperiodof 2HOURSof fire resistance
for elements of structure. Thus, referringto the Notional Periods of Fire Resistance table, a minimum of
100mm THK unplasteredreinforcedconcrete is used on the load-bearing wallsof the core. Additionally,
according to By-Law162, ONE HOUR FIRE RATED DOOR isused forfire staircase fire door as to abide the
minimumrequirementof notlessthanhalf the requirementspecifiedinthe NinthSchedule.
Natural
Ventilated Fire
Staircase
7.0 Core Components
ONE HOUR FIRE RESISTINGSELF
CLOSINGDOOR CONSTRUCTED
IN ACCORDANCEWITH THE
UNIFORMBUILDING BY-LAWS
OR APPROVEDMANUF’SDOOR
150MM THK. R.C.WALL
WITH BARE FINISH
R.C. STAIRCASETO
STRUCT. DETAIL
TREAD: 275mm
RISER: 170mm
CORE C
FIRST FLOOR

26. 24
Regarding firefighting requirements in a building design, References are denoted on the Tenth
Schedule with accordance to By-Laws 225 & By-Laws 237 which refers to the requirements for
detectingandextinguishing fire.
According to the Tenth Schedule under the building’s purpose group, the building belongs to
INSTITUTIONAL:1(v).Vocational school threeStoreysandabove (b):
Type G of FixedExtinguishingSystem:G– Hose Reel
Fire AlarmSystem1& 2: AutomaticFire DetectorsSystem&Manual Electrical Fire AlarmSystem
EmergencyLightingSystemc: -
As UBBL stated this building project requires Automatic Sprinklers,the building design would still
maintain its un-sprinkleredproposal as to challenge an inexpensive alternative while maintaining
safetymeasuresthroughthe usesof climate designstrategy.
8.0 Fire Fighting

27. 25
Orientation and Natural Light
The orientation of the building is designed to
minimize direct heat from the West evening
sun exposure into the building spaces.
The ground floor is designed as open floor
plan to reduce building footprint and served
as a public seating area. Building core is
placed at the corner to block the sunlight.
Natural Ventilation
By providing open corridors in the overall
building design, this allows natural cross
ventilation to occur to cool the building
through natural breeze, especially from
recurring winds from Southern-South East
(SSE) and South West (SW) winds.
Stack ventilation is also promoted from the
central void in the middle of the building
design.
Tropical Vegetation
Surrounding existing tropical vegetation are
protected and reutilized as a natural shading
element for the building design. The building
itself also provides additional platform for
more tropical vegetation to be grown for
further cooling of the microclimate of the site
and the interior spaces with minimal reliance
of mechanical cooling. Urban farming is also
integrated as one of the community program.
9.0 Climate Design Strategy

28. 26
10.0 Reference
 Laws of Malaysia. (1984). Uniform Building By-Laws 1984. Kuala Lumpur: International Law Book
Services.
 Laws of Malaysia. (2006). Malaysian Standard: Fixed Firefighting Systems – Automatic Sprinkler
Systems – Design, Installation and Maintenance. Kuala Lumpur: Department of Standards Malaysia