The document discusses issues with India's current energy paradigm and proposes policy options focusing on equity, energy efficiency, and renewables. It summarizes that India's energy sector faces problems of inequity in access to electricity, limitations of conventional energy resources due to rising imports, and socio-environmental issues. To address these problems, the document advocates pursuing policies that promote inclusive development, energy efficiency, and non-greenhouse gas emitting energy sources like renewables that are less harmful to the local environment.
This document discusses the potential for grid parity of photovoltaic (PV) power in India's residential and commercial/industrial (C&I) sectors by 2020. It analyzes grid electricity prices and solar irradiation data across Indian states to estimate the levelized cost of electricity from PV under different growth scenarios. The analysis finds that some states like Gujarat and Maharashtra may reach grid parity for C&I customers by 2013-2017 and for residential customers by 2018-2020, assuming moderate economic growth and electricity price increases. Faster economic growth and lower financing costs could enable broader grid parity across more states by 2020.
This document provides details of 104 grid-connected solar power plants commissioned in India between 2009-2012 with a total capacity of over 600 MW. It lists the state, project developer, policy, capacity, location, month and year of commissioning, module type, tracker type, inverters and EPC contractor for each plant. The largest plants include a 30 MW plant in Gujarat developed by Moser Baer and a 25 MW plant in Gujarat by Tata Power using crystalline silicon modules.
This document provides details of 104 grid-connected solar power plants commissioned in India between 2009-2012 with a total capacity of over 600 MW. It lists the state, project developer, policy type, capacity, location, month and year of commissioning, module type, tracker type, inverter type and EPC contractor for each plant. The largest plants include a 30 MW plant in Gujarat developed by Moser Baer and a 25 MW plant in Gujarat by Tata Power using crystalline silicon modules.
Summer 2012 Update on the Electric Industry in Texasaectnet
- Summer 2012 saw peak demand in Texas continue to rise year-over-year, increasing concerns over resource adequacy in the next few years given retirements of older coal and gas plants.
- While summer 2012 was warmer than average, it was cooler than the extremely hot summer of 2011. ERCOT and the PUC encouraged energy efficiency and conservation.
- ERCOT's fall forecast showed sufficient capacity for the coming season, but concerns remain over replacing retiring generators in the medium term given the long lead times to bring new plants online. ERCOT will continue monitoring the situation closely.
Urban Enterprise Zones (UEZs) were established in New Jersey in 1983 to promote economic revitalization in urban communities through tax incentives for businesses. There are currently 6,800 certified businesses participating in the program across various UEZ districts. The key benefits for businesses include reduced sales tax rates, tax exemptions on certain purchases and investments, tax credits for hiring employees or making qualified investments, and subsidized unemployment insurance costs. This document provides an overview of several UEZ districts in Hudson County, listing statistics like population, active businesses, employment levels, and largest industries in each community.
Photon 3rd Thin Film Conference HelioVolt Presentation_16feb11HelioVolt
1) The document discusses the growing global demand for solar energy and the transition to distributed solar energy solutions.
2) By 2030, the world will need 15 terawatts of power but only 5 energy sources are available on a terawatt scale, including solar energy which is inherently distributed with no fuel costs.
3) Solar energy is reaching grid parity in many markets and policy drivers are continuing to increase global solar demand and installations rapidly despite economic challenges.
The document discusses replacing traditional street lighting with solar LED lighting. It introduces Visionary Lighting and Energy, a social enterprise focused on bringing renewable energy and LED lighting technologies to developing countries. Solar LED street lighting systems are presented as an energy efficient and low maintenance alternative to traditional street lights. Calculations show the solar LED lights can reduce energy consumption by over 60% and pay for themselves within 2 years, while also reducing carbon emissions.
This document discusses the potential for grid parity of photovoltaic (PV) power in India's residential and commercial/industrial (C&I) sectors by 2020. It analyzes grid electricity prices and solar irradiation data across Indian states to estimate the levelized cost of electricity from PV under different growth scenarios. The analysis finds that some states like Gujarat and Maharashtra may reach grid parity for C&I customers by 2013-2017 and for residential customers by 2018-2020, assuming moderate economic growth and electricity price increases. Faster economic growth and lower financing costs could enable broader grid parity across more states by 2020.
This document provides details of 104 grid-connected solar power plants commissioned in India between 2009-2012 with a total capacity of over 600 MW. It lists the state, project developer, policy, capacity, location, month and year of commissioning, module type, tracker type, inverters and EPC contractor for each plant. The largest plants include a 30 MW plant in Gujarat developed by Moser Baer and a 25 MW plant in Gujarat by Tata Power using crystalline silicon modules.
This document provides details of 104 grid-connected solar power plants commissioned in India between 2009-2012 with a total capacity of over 600 MW. It lists the state, project developer, policy type, capacity, location, month and year of commissioning, module type, tracker type, inverter type and EPC contractor for each plant. The largest plants include a 30 MW plant in Gujarat developed by Moser Baer and a 25 MW plant in Gujarat by Tata Power using crystalline silicon modules.
Summer 2012 Update on the Electric Industry in Texasaectnet
- Summer 2012 saw peak demand in Texas continue to rise year-over-year, increasing concerns over resource adequacy in the next few years given retirements of older coal and gas plants.
- While summer 2012 was warmer than average, it was cooler than the extremely hot summer of 2011. ERCOT and the PUC encouraged energy efficiency and conservation.
- ERCOT's fall forecast showed sufficient capacity for the coming season, but concerns remain over replacing retiring generators in the medium term given the long lead times to bring new plants online. ERCOT will continue monitoring the situation closely.
Urban Enterprise Zones (UEZs) were established in New Jersey in 1983 to promote economic revitalization in urban communities through tax incentives for businesses. There are currently 6,800 certified businesses participating in the program across various UEZ districts. The key benefits for businesses include reduced sales tax rates, tax exemptions on certain purchases and investments, tax credits for hiring employees or making qualified investments, and subsidized unemployment insurance costs. This document provides an overview of several UEZ districts in Hudson County, listing statistics like population, active businesses, employment levels, and largest industries in each community.
Photon 3rd Thin Film Conference HelioVolt Presentation_16feb11HelioVolt
1) The document discusses the growing global demand for solar energy and the transition to distributed solar energy solutions.
2) By 2030, the world will need 15 terawatts of power but only 5 energy sources are available on a terawatt scale, including solar energy which is inherently distributed with no fuel costs.
3) Solar energy is reaching grid parity in many markets and policy drivers are continuing to increase global solar demand and installations rapidly despite economic challenges.
The document discusses replacing traditional street lighting with solar LED lighting. It introduces Visionary Lighting and Energy, a social enterprise focused on bringing renewable energy and LED lighting technologies to developing countries. Solar LED street lighting systems are presented as an energy efficient and low maintenance alternative to traditional street lights. Calculations show the solar LED lights can reduce energy consumption by over 60% and pay for themselves within 2 years, while also reducing carbon emissions.
SiS Energy Sources And The Climate Change Nexus Brockway 2007guestb40d60
The document discusses Australia's energy needs and climate change challenges. It shows that modern lifestyles demand high energy consumption. Coal currently makes up the largest portion of greenhouse gas emissions in Australia. The document outlines CSIRO's priorities to cut emissions from energy generation and use, increase fuel self-sufficiency, and enhance Australia's energy resources. A number of strategies are presented to achieve at least a 50% reduction in emissions by 2050, including distributed generation, energy efficiency, renewables, nuclear, cleaner fossil fuels, carbon capture and storage, more efficient transport, and synthetic fuels. It is noted that Australia's R&D capability in these areas is under threat.
The document discusses power distribution in India, focusing on distribution franchisees. It provides an overview of the current state of power distribution, including high AT&C losses around 27% on average. Distribution utilities have been losing money, with aggregate losses increasing from 2008-2009 to 2009-2010 before decreasing in 2010-2011. The document discusses steps taken to privatize distribution, including different models of private sector participation like management contracts, franchise models, and private licensees. It provides examples of recent distribution franchise deals across several states. Key benefits to utilities and franchisees from franchise models are outlined. Issues around standardizing bidding documents for franchisees are also mentioned.
This document discusses the power sector in India, including electricity generation, transmission, and initiatives to boost the sector. It provides figures showing that as of November 2012, India's total installed power capacity was over 210,000 MW, with coal making up 57% of capacity. The document also notes that India's per capita electricity consumption increased from 15 kWh in 1950 to 814 kWh in 2011-12. It describes the growth and development of India's electricity transmission system from isolated state grids to an integrated national grid.
One of the many causes of failure of Off-grid electrification project is not involving the community in the development of project. A model has been developed and demonstrated for prefeasibility analysis of off-grid electrification projects. This model compares the two cases for each possible scenario for the site. Two cases are conventional off-grid electrification and off-grid electrification with investment in downstream productive activities. The model has been successfully demonstrated for Village Gorad, District Thane, Maharashtra, India. The results show that the sustainability of the project can be assured by initiating productive activities in the remote communities.
German Energy Transition Workshop-Raouf Al Dabbas EDAMA
The document discusses Germany's energy transition and its potential implications for Jordan. It provides statistics on Jordan's historical and projected electricity consumption by sector. Households accounted for 39% of consumption in 2008, while industry accounted for 27% and commercial use was 17%. The document estimates that energy efficiency measures could save 20-30% per sector, reducing Jordan's annual energy costs by around 620 million JOD. It also examines Jordan's renewable energy potential from solar and wind sources. The green economy sectors in Jordan are identified as agriculture, building, cities, energy, finance, forest, manufacturing, tourism, transport, waste, and water. The document recommends policy incentives to encourage the development of these sectors.
The document discusses Cisco's vision for smart and connected communities. It outlines Cisco's approach of connecting various entities through technology to improve areas like education, healthcare, transportation and more. It also discusses Cisco's partnership with Johnson Controls to converge facilities and IT infrastructure and deliver integrated solutions through collaborative teams and new business models. The summary focuses on the key aspects of Cisco's vision, its approach, and its partnership with Johnson Controls.
Macdonell Williams - Architecture, sustainability & designMacdonellWilliams
MacdonellWilliams is an architecture firm led by Tim Williams, who has 25 years of international experience, including 20 years working in the UK. The firm provides services in architecture, sustainability, interior design, and project coordination. It has experience with projects in countries such as Morocco, Denmark, France, Australia, the UK, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, the USA, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and the private island of Mustique in the Caribbean. The firm's strengths include design skills, client liaison, teamwork, coordination of consultants, and providing design and production information to keep clients updated.
Upcoming presentation at the EDI executive energy training course: miniMBA New Energy Realities;
Typical example of an open conversation on Global Change, Energy Architecture & UN Sustainable Development
Role of carbon finance in promoting renewable energy development in indiaPallav Purohit
This document discusses the role of carbon finance in promoting renewable energy development in India. It provides an overview of India's power sector and the status of renewable energy. Carbon finance mechanisms like the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) have supported many renewable energy projects in India. However, continued policy support and financing will be needed to fully realize India's large renewable energy potential and meet its climate and development goals.
This document summarizes Hawaii's progress towards achieving its goal of generating 70% of the state's energy from clean, renewable sources by 2030. It outlines that Hawaii has become a leader in clean energy and has seen over $1 billion in economic growth from its clean energy industries in 2011. It also details the state's Renewable Portfolio Standard goals of achieving 10% renewable energy by 2010, 15% by 2015, 25% by 2020, and 40% by 2030 according to a mandate for each electric utility. Charts show that while progress has been made, more work remains to meet the ambitious 2030 goal.
Tata Power provides electricity generation, transmission, distribution, and trading operations in India. The document analyzes opportunities and challenges for Tata Power to grow through new business lines like renewable energy, power services, and consulting. It estimates that entering these new lines could require hiring over 20 managers and engineers with an estimated annual salary cost of over 15 million rupees.
Solutions for the Texas Energy Shortage Rick Borry
Ron Seidel, PE, principal at RBS Energy Consulting and Principal Solar, Inc. board member will discuss and answer questions about his recent whitepaper, "Solutions for the Texas Energy Shortage."
Ron's whitepaper is very timely because in the summer of 2011, Texas experienced extremely low reserve margin periods throughout the state... causing average wholesale electricity prices to skyrocket to more than twice their normal level. Given that Texas is expected to add another 14 million to its population between 2010 and 2030, these shortages raise alarms about the state's ability to meet future energy demand. Success will depend upon finding the most effective way to incent the development of more capacity.
Unlike many other states, Texas has had a competitive retail market for electricity since 2001, replacing the traditional cost of a service-based regulated market. The market requires customers to choose a competitive electricity supplier and allows retail suppliers to set their prices without regulatory interference. However, regulatory action has resulted in caps being placed on system-wide wholesale power prices with the intent of protecting consumers. It is these system-wide offer caps that have limited prices, reduced potential profitability for wholesalers and restrained the development of new generation.
Download the complete whitepaper at www.principalsolarinstitute.org/documents.
The document summarizes a presentation on creating Colorado's smart grid deployment roadmap. It discusses Colorado's current smart grid projects, Senate Bill 180 which established a task force to develop a smart grid plan, and recommendations for reconfiguring the energy system including accelerating renewable integration, providing regulatory certainty for grid investments, and expanding access to energy usage data.
This whitepaper highlights the opportunity for Smart Grid Solutions in India for the next 5-10 years as well as suggests recommendation for multinational companies planning to enter this market.
This document discusses smart grids from a regulatory perspective in Colorado. It provides background on types of electric utilities in Colorado, trends in electric generation fuels from 1990-2008 showing increased natural gas and renewables. It defines smart grids as using bi-directional communication and control over the electric grid. The document outlines challenges for regulators around technology choices, standards, and ensuring benefits for both utilities and customers. It emphasizes the need for regulatory frameworks to promote innovation while managing risks and costs for ratepayers.
Alterra Power is a leading renewable energy producer that was formed through the acquisition of Magma Energy and Plutonic Power in May 2011. It has over 500 MW of operating capacity across geothermal, hydro, wind, and solar assets. Alterra aims to grow its capacity to over 800 MW by 2016 through organic growth from its existing portfolio and pipeline of projects. It has a geographically diverse portfolio across Iceland, Canada, the United States, Chile, Peru, and Italy.
The document summarizes a presentation given by John Campion of ESB on electric vehicles. It outlines ESB's strategic goals of increasing renewable energy production and reducing its carbon footprint. It then discusses the challenges posed by the transport sector for reducing Ireland's emissions and ESB's initiatives to promote electric vehicles, including acquiring electric vehicles for its fleet and conducting research on electric vehicle load impacts and infrastructure needs.
SiS Energy Sources And The Climate Change Nexus Brockway 2007guestb40d60
The document discusses Australia's energy needs and climate change challenges. It shows that modern lifestyles demand high energy consumption. Coal currently makes up the largest portion of greenhouse gas emissions in Australia. The document outlines CSIRO's priorities to cut emissions from energy generation and use, increase fuel self-sufficiency, and enhance Australia's energy resources. A number of strategies are presented to achieve at least a 50% reduction in emissions by 2050, including distributed generation, energy efficiency, renewables, nuclear, cleaner fossil fuels, carbon capture and storage, more efficient transport, and synthetic fuels. It is noted that Australia's R&D capability in these areas is under threat.
The document discusses power distribution in India, focusing on distribution franchisees. It provides an overview of the current state of power distribution, including high AT&C losses around 27% on average. Distribution utilities have been losing money, with aggregate losses increasing from 2008-2009 to 2009-2010 before decreasing in 2010-2011. The document discusses steps taken to privatize distribution, including different models of private sector participation like management contracts, franchise models, and private licensees. It provides examples of recent distribution franchise deals across several states. Key benefits to utilities and franchisees from franchise models are outlined. Issues around standardizing bidding documents for franchisees are also mentioned.
This document discusses the power sector in India, including electricity generation, transmission, and initiatives to boost the sector. It provides figures showing that as of November 2012, India's total installed power capacity was over 210,000 MW, with coal making up 57% of capacity. The document also notes that India's per capita electricity consumption increased from 15 kWh in 1950 to 814 kWh in 2011-12. It describes the growth and development of India's electricity transmission system from isolated state grids to an integrated national grid.
One of the many causes of failure of Off-grid electrification project is not involving the community in the development of project. A model has been developed and demonstrated for prefeasibility analysis of off-grid electrification projects. This model compares the two cases for each possible scenario for the site. Two cases are conventional off-grid electrification and off-grid electrification with investment in downstream productive activities. The model has been successfully demonstrated for Village Gorad, District Thane, Maharashtra, India. The results show that the sustainability of the project can be assured by initiating productive activities in the remote communities.
German Energy Transition Workshop-Raouf Al Dabbas EDAMA
The document discusses Germany's energy transition and its potential implications for Jordan. It provides statistics on Jordan's historical and projected electricity consumption by sector. Households accounted for 39% of consumption in 2008, while industry accounted for 27% and commercial use was 17%. The document estimates that energy efficiency measures could save 20-30% per sector, reducing Jordan's annual energy costs by around 620 million JOD. It also examines Jordan's renewable energy potential from solar and wind sources. The green economy sectors in Jordan are identified as agriculture, building, cities, energy, finance, forest, manufacturing, tourism, transport, waste, and water. The document recommends policy incentives to encourage the development of these sectors.
The document discusses Cisco's vision for smart and connected communities. It outlines Cisco's approach of connecting various entities through technology to improve areas like education, healthcare, transportation and more. It also discusses Cisco's partnership with Johnson Controls to converge facilities and IT infrastructure and deliver integrated solutions through collaborative teams and new business models. The summary focuses on the key aspects of Cisco's vision, its approach, and its partnership with Johnson Controls.
Macdonell Williams - Architecture, sustainability & designMacdonellWilliams
MacdonellWilliams is an architecture firm led by Tim Williams, who has 25 years of international experience, including 20 years working in the UK. The firm provides services in architecture, sustainability, interior design, and project coordination. It has experience with projects in countries such as Morocco, Denmark, France, Australia, the UK, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, the USA, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and the private island of Mustique in the Caribbean. The firm's strengths include design skills, client liaison, teamwork, coordination of consultants, and providing design and production information to keep clients updated.
Upcoming presentation at the EDI executive energy training course: miniMBA New Energy Realities;
Typical example of an open conversation on Global Change, Energy Architecture & UN Sustainable Development
Role of carbon finance in promoting renewable energy development in indiaPallav Purohit
This document discusses the role of carbon finance in promoting renewable energy development in India. It provides an overview of India's power sector and the status of renewable energy. Carbon finance mechanisms like the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) have supported many renewable energy projects in India. However, continued policy support and financing will be needed to fully realize India's large renewable energy potential and meet its climate and development goals.
This document summarizes Hawaii's progress towards achieving its goal of generating 70% of the state's energy from clean, renewable sources by 2030. It outlines that Hawaii has become a leader in clean energy and has seen over $1 billion in economic growth from its clean energy industries in 2011. It also details the state's Renewable Portfolio Standard goals of achieving 10% renewable energy by 2010, 15% by 2015, 25% by 2020, and 40% by 2030 according to a mandate for each electric utility. Charts show that while progress has been made, more work remains to meet the ambitious 2030 goal.
Tata Power provides electricity generation, transmission, distribution, and trading operations in India. The document analyzes opportunities and challenges for Tata Power to grow through new business lines like renewable energy, power services, and consulting. It estimates that entering these new lines could require hiring over 20 managers and engineers with an estimated annual salary cost of over 15 million rupees.
Solutions for the Texas Energy Shortage Rick Borry
Ron Seidel, PE, principal at RBS Energy Consulting and Principal Solar, Inc. board member will discuss and answer questions about his recent whitepaper, "Solutions for the Texas Energy Shortage."
Ron's whitepaper is very timely because in the summer of 2011, Texas experienced extremely low reserve margin periods throughout the state... causing average wholesale electricity prices to skyrocket to more than twice their normal level. Given that Texas is expected to add another 14 million to its population between 2010 and 2030, these shortages raise alarms about the state's ability to meet future energy demand. Success will depend upon finding the most effective way to incent the development of more capacity.
Unlike many other states, Texas has had a competitive retail market for electricity since 2001, replacing the traditional cost of a service-based regulated market. The market requires customers to choose a competitive electricity supplier and allows retail suppliers to set their prices without regulatory interference. However, regulatory action has resulted in caps being placed on system-wide wholesale power prices with the intent of protecting consumers. It is these system-wide offer caps that have limited prices, reduced potential profitability for wholesalers and restrained the development of new generation.
Download the complete whitepaper at www.principalsolarinstitute.org/documents.
The document summarizes a presentation on creating Colorado's smart grid deployment roadmap. It discusses Colorado's current smart grid projects, Senate Bill 180 which established a task force to develop a smart grid plan, and recommendations for reconfiguring the energy system including accelerating renewable integration, providing regulatory certainty for grid investments, and expanding access to energy usage data.
This whitepaper highlights the opportunity for Smart Grid Solutions in India for the next 5-10 years as well as suggests recommendation for multinational companies planning to enter this market.
This document discusses smart grids from a regulatory perspective in Colorado. It provides background on types of electric utilities in Colorado, trends in electric generation fuels from 1990-2008 showing increased natural gas and renewables. It defines smart grids as using bi-directional communication and control over the electric grid. The document outlines challenges for regulators around technology choices, standards, and ensuring benefits for both utilities and customers. It emphasizes the need for regulatory frameworks to promote innovation while managing risks and costs for ratepayers.
Alterra Power is a leading renewable energy producer that was formed through the acquisition of Magma Energy and Plutonic Power in May 2011. It has over 500 MW of operating capacity across geothermal, hydro, wind, and solar assets. Alterra aims to grow its capacity to over 800 MW by 2016 through organic growth from its existing portfolio and pipeline of projects. It has a geographically diverse portfolio across Iceland, Canada, the United States, Chile, Peru, and Italy.
The document summarizes a presentation given by John Campion of ESB on electric vehicles. It outlines ESB's strategic goals of increasing renewable energy production and reducing its carbon footprint. It then discusses the challenges posed by the transport sector for reducing Ireland's emissions and ESB's initiatives to promote electric vehicles, including acquiring electric vehicles for its fleet and conducting research on electric vehicle load impacts and infrastructure needs.
State RPS targets and the CEC role in achieving success [CSTP 2010]Smithers Apex
The document discusses California's Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) and the role of the California Energy Commission in helping the state achieve its RPS goals. Key points include:
- The RPS was established in 2002 with a goal of 20% renewable energy by 2010. This was later increased to 33% by 2020 under executive orders.
- The Energy Commission certifies renewable facilities, tracks RPS compliance, and distributes incentive payments. It also conducts research and analysis to support renewable energy development.
- California has made progress towards its RPS targets but faces challenges in integrating high levels of renewables and addressing environmental and financing issues for new projects. The report recommends continued efforts to meet the 33% by 2020
China has experienced much faster economic growth than India over the past few decades, averaging around 9.5% GDP growth compared to India's 6%. However, India has advantages in areas like services and a more robust financial system. Both countries still face challenges in developing infrastructure and reducing inequality. Overall the document provides a high-level comparison of India and China's economic growth stories and trajectories over recent decades.
This document analyzes health and education spending in Uganda before and after public expenditure reviews conducted using the BOOST methodology. It finds that:
1) After the reviews, the composition of Uganda's national budget shifted spending away from wages and transfers towards capital investment and goods/services.
2) However, at the district level nearly all increased health spending went to wages, despite rising demand for health services. A similar pattern occurred for education spending.
3) There was wide variation in efficiency and outcomes across Ugandan districts that was comparable to differences between countries worldwide.
IFPRI Household Survey, Family Welfare Indicator, Inequality, Household Characteristics, Budget Shares, Education, Employment, Assets, Housing, Credit and Savings, Access to Facilities, and Social Safety Net Participation by Income Groups, by Dr. Akhter Ahmed, IFPRI
Alterra Power is a leading renewable energy producer that aims to reach 1,000 MW of capacity through organic growth. It has diversified power generation assets including geothermal, hydro, wind and solar facilities in Iceland, Canada, the US, Chile and Italy totaling over 500 MW currently. Alterra plans to expand its capacity to over 800 MW by 2016 through developing its large portfolio of renewable energy projects and pursuing expansion opportunities at existing facilities.
This document summarizes Alterra Power Corp's path to becoming a leading renewable power producer with 1,000 MW of capacity. Key points include:
- Alterra was formed through the acquisition and merger of Magma Energy and Plutonic Power in May 2011.
- Alterra has a diverse portfolio of geothermal, wind, hydro, and solar assets across several countries that provides a larger production base and growth potential.
- Alterra aims to grow its capacity organically to over 800 MW by 2016 through expansion projects at existing sites and developing new projects in its global pipeline.
Marginal Emissions Rates in Energy System Change | Dr A.D. Hawkesicarb
This document discusses methods for estimating the marginal carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions rates associated with changes in electricity demand and the energy system. It finds that in Great Britain from 2002-2009, the marginal CO2 intensity of electricity was 0.69 kgCO2/kWh, higher than typical policy estimates. However, long-term CO2 reductions from interventions depend more on overall energy system changes modeled over decades than short-term operating margins. The key challenge is determining whether to use build or operating margins when assessing technologies' impacts on the energy system and CO2 emissions.
This document discusses renewable energy targets in Latvia and alternatives for developing its energy sector. It notes that Latvia's target is for 40% of energy to come from renewable sources by 2020, compared to the EU target of 20%. It then presents two alternative scenarios for meeting this target: 1) investments in natural gas, coal, or nuclear power stations or 2) investments in energy efficiency, biomass cogeneration, wind energy and replacing natural gas with renewables in district heating. It provides some economic calculations comparing the costs of these alternatives.
Renewable Energy and Transport Developments
1) Ireland aims to source 10-16% of total energy from renewable sources by 2020, including 10% of transport from electric vehicles.
2) Battery electric vehicles have lower lifecycle emissions than petrol or diesel vehicles but higher upfront capital costs.
3) With increased wind power, electric vehicles and heat pumps can help manage intermittent supply by charging when wind is plentiful and exporting stored power during low wind.
Indian energy production situation and challengesBenoit Teppe
The document discusses power generation in India. It provides information on India's growing economy and increasing demand for electricity. Currently, over 75% of India's electricity is produced from fossil fuels like coal, with 15% from hydro and only 3% from nuclear. However, India plans to increase nuclear power to supply 25% of electricity by 2050. It also discusses India's primary energy sources, noting that while coal reserves are large, the quality is relatively low. The majority of existing power generation comes from fossil fuels like coal, but plans are underway to increase capacity through both fossil fuels and nuclear power.
Similar to Renewables and efficiency in the power sector, oct 18th new delhi ag csd (20)
Why We Chose ScyllaDB over DynamoDB for "User Watch Status"ScyllaDB
Yichen Wei and Adam Drennan share the architecture and technical requirements behind "user watch status" for a major global media streaming service, what that meant for their database, the pros and cons of the many options they considered for replacing DynamoDB, why they ultimately chose ScyllaDB, and their lessons learned so far.
17062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Recent years have seen a disturbing rise in violence, discrimination, and intolerance against Christian communities in various Islamic countries. This multifaceted challenge, deeply rooted in historical, social, and political animosities, demands urgent attention. Despite the escalating persecution, substantial support from the Western world remains lacking.
16062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
ग्रेटर मुंबई के नगर आयुक्त को एक खुले पत्र में याचिका दायर कर 540 से अधिक मुंबईकरों ने सभी अवैध और अस्थिर होर्डिंग्स, साइनबोर्ड और इलेक्ट्रिक साइनेज को तत्काल हटाने और 13 मई, 2024 की शाम को घाटकोपर में अवैध होर्डिंग के गिरने की विनाशकारी घटना के बाद अपराधियों के खिलाफ सख्त कार्रवाई की मांग की है, जिसमें 17 लोगों की जान चली गई और कई निर्दोष लोग गंभीर रूप से घायल हो गए।
Christian persecution in Islamic countries has intensified, with alarming incidents of violence, discrimination, and intolerance. This article highlights recent attacks in Nigeria, Pakistan, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq, exposing the multifaceted challenges faced by Christian communities. Despite the severity of these atrocities, the Western world's response remains muted due to political, economic, and social considerations. The urgent need for international intervention is underscored, emphasizing that without substantial support, the future of Christianity in these regions is at grave risk.
https://ecspe.org/the-rise-of-christian-persecution-in-islamic-countries/
18062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
projet de traité négocié à Istanbul (anglais).pdfEdouardHusson
Ceci est le projet de traité qui avait été négocié entre Russes et Ukrainiens à Istanbul en mars 2022, avant que les Etats-Unis et la Grande-Bretagne ne détournent Kiev de signer.
#WenguiGuo#WashingtonFarm Guo Wengui Wolf son ambition exposed to open a far...rittaajmal71
Since fleeing to the United States in 2014, Guo Wengui has founded a number of projects in the United States, such as GTV Media Group, GTV private equity, farm loan project, G Club Operations Co., LTD., and Himalaya Exchange.
15062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
लालू यादव की जीवनी LALU PRASAD YADAV BIOGRAPHYVoterMood
Discover the life and times of Lalu Prasad Yadav with a comprehensive biography in Hindi. Learn about his early days, rise in politics, controversies, and contribution.
Federal Authorities Urge Vigilance Amid Bird Flu Outbreak | The Lifesciences ...The Lifesciences Magazine
Federal authorities have advised the public to remain vigilant but calm in response to the ongoing bird flu outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu.
Shark Tank Jargon | Operational ProfitabilityTheUnitedIndian
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Renewables and efficiency in the power sector, oct 18th new delhi ag csd
1. Equity and Environment:
Two imperatives for Indian Electricity Policy
The role of Renewables and Energy Efficiency
Ashwin Gambhir
Prayas (Energy Group), Pune
Contestations at Koodankulam: legitimacy and constraints
Discussion at Council for Social Development, October 18th 2012, New Delhi
Prayas Energy Group, Pune
2. About Prayas Energy Group
Prayas is a Voluntary Org, based at Pune, India
– PEG works on theoretical, conceptual and policy
issues in the energy and electricity sectors.
– Based on a comprehensive, analysis-based
approach for furthering the ‘public interest’.
– Research & Interventions (regulatory, policy).
– Civil Society training, awareness, and support.
2
3. Outline
• A macro look at the power sector in India
• Three problems of present energy paradigm
– Inequity,
– Resource limitation and
– Environmental damage
• Way towards a solution
– Policy options promoting equity
– Energy efficiency
– Renewables
• Conclusions
3
4. Electricity–HDI linkage: Intl experience
1.00
Cuba
Ecuador
0.90
Sri
Lanka y = 0.094ln(x) + 0.076
0.80 R² = 0.838
0.70
Human Development Index (HDI, 2007)
HDI=0.8; Elec use = 2210 kWh/capita according to the regression fit.
0.60
0.50
India (2007); HDI=0.612; Elec use = 542 kWh/capita
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
HDI vs electricity consumption per capita/yr
0.00
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000
Electricity consumption in kWh per capita per year (2007)
(a) India is in the elastic region where steep increase in HDI is seen with increase in
electricity use, (b) Several countries have managed to achieve high HDI with similar
electricity use as that of India need for direct action for improved HDI.
4
5. Electrification & Economic Development
100
AP Gujarat Maharashtra
90
Percentage of Total Electrified Households
Chattisgarh
80
MP
Rajasthan
70
60 West Bengal
Orissa
50 Jharkhand
UP
40
30
Bihar
20
10
Data for 2009-10
0
- 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000
State per Capita Domestic Product
5
6. Power Sector Status
• Present Installed capacity ~ 207 GW (RE- 25 GW, 12%)
• 2010-11 Generation ~ 950 BU (incl captive) (RE ~ 50 BU, 5%)
• Un electrified population 33% (~40 cr); villages ~ 6% or (35,000)
• Peak Load shortage -13% ; Electricity ~10%; unreliable service.
• Financial health of Utilities worsening (~70,000 cr losses in 2010-11)
• 6-7% growth in electricity use; projected to double in 2020;
largest growth in Industry and commercial/residential.
• Rising energy imports and electricity tariffs
6
7. Power Generation Capacity including captive,
percentage shares of 210 GW (2010-11)
Coal
13%
0% Gas turbines
1%
1% Diesel gen-sets
Large Hydro
7%
Indian Nuclear
47%
2% Wind power
Small Hydro
Biomass + Bagasse Cogen
18%
Solar (PV, Thermal)
Captive
8%
1%
7
8. Share of Generation including captive of a
total of 900 TWh (2009-10)
10.9%
Thermal
5.0%
Large Hydro
2.7%
Indian Nuclear
11.9% Renewables
69.4%
Captive
8
9. 16
Range of Tariffs in Rs/kWh for all sources
14
RE tariffs are as per CERC.
Range for solar tariffs is from competitive bidding.
Other prices are from Prayas estimates and are only indicative
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Coal Gas Diesel Large Indian Imported Wind Small Biomass Bagasse Solar PV Solar CSP
turbines gen-sets Hydro Nuclear Nuclear power Hydro Cogen
9
10. Three problems of Energy Paradigm
Inequity
Limitation of conventional energy resources
Socio - Environmental issues (local and
global)
Prayas Energy Group, Pune
12. First face is far more prevalent
Households by electricity use (kWh/month)
> 100 U
Highly skewed distribution!
No Connection 50 - 100 U Only 10-12% HHs have
monthly electricity
consumption > 100 kWh.
< 50 U
Source: Prayas analysis of State ERC orders
12
13. Energy and infrastructure deficit and inequity
80
% households with access to
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Concrete/brick Toilets Electricity Clean energy for
walls cooking
2001 2011
% of expenditure spent on accessing modern energy
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 - 10 10-20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50 50 - 60 60 - 70 70 - 80 80 - 90 90 - 100
Expenditure deciles of population
13
14. Equity and its various facets
• Significant population is modern energy poor, constraining
their economic development. Modern Energy a must for all.
• However this argument is cynically used many a time to justify
each and every large power project, even without broad local
acceptance; argued in larger national interest.
• Unfortunate history of resource curse (Coal/Hydro) and
increasingly for most proposed nuclear sites.
• Renewable energy is argued for overcoming shortages and
providing supply for all, however not much attention to the
equity aspect of the incremental costs.
14
15. Energy Imports
India net energy import cost ~ 5% of GDP (~ 2% by USA, EU or China)
Indian import bill likely to increase due to:
– Higher coal imports & high/increasing prices, Re depreciation.
300 160
Production, Import of Coal (MTOE) Production, Import of Oil (MT)
140 $100 Bn (09-10), 75% Import dependence
250
120
200 Production
100 Production
150 Consumption
80
Consumption
100
60
50 40
20
0
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
0
15
16. Production and Consumption of Fossil Fuels (Oil,
Gas and Coal) in Mtoe India from 1981-2010
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
Import Dependency - 38%
100
50
Production Consumption
0
1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
16
17. Global and local Environment
• India not responsible for global problem of climate change
– with 15% population has emitted only 2.5% of GHG emissions.
– very low per-capita emissions (~ 2 t/cap/yr; world average of ~4)
• Limited carbon space remaining and India will face major
impacts of climate change; highly vulnerable
– Long coastline; very rainfall dependent
• Local pollution of water, land and air as well as water scarcity is
resulting in popular opposition to power plants in most
locations.
17
18. Local environment
Ambient Air Quality Monitored at Ghuggus (Jan 2007- Aug 2012)
1400 2000
1800
1200
1600
RSPM (microgram/m3)
SPM (microgram/m3)
1000 1400
1200
800
1000
600
800
400 600
400
200
200
0 0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
RSPM (µg/m3) Standards RSPM (µg/m3) Actual conc.
SPM (µg/m3) Standards SPM (µg/m3) Actual conc.
Similarly problems with water resources too – pollution as well as conflicts
Rising resistance to mining, power plants etc. because of environmental
damage, weak adherence to expected norms, weak government monitoring
18
20. Go back to Basics for a New Paradigm
Development Growth Energy GHG emissions
Three flexible links
• Improved developmental policies
• Efficiency of energy use
• Non-GHG emitting energy sources; benign on local
environment.
• Policies and structures required to increasingly de-
couple the links.
20
21. RGGVY
• National Electricity Policy, 2005 recognizes electricity as a major
driver of rural development and hence poverty alleviation.
Target to provide access to all HHs and ensure minimum lifeline
consumption of 1 kWh/day/HH as a merit good by 2012.
• RGGVY launched in 2005, addresses two components
– developing distribution infrastructure
– free connections to all Below Poverty Line (BPL HHs)
• Critique and concerns
– Inability to supply adequate power; APL connections; quality
and adequacy of network; timelines and delays; emphasis on
HHs.
21
22. RGGVY – What about electricity?
• Physical infrastructure
– 105,851 villages electrified (90% of target)
– 20 Million HHs electrified (81% of target)
• Hrs. of supply often < 6 hrs./ day
• Structural disincentive (loss of Rs 3.5/kWh of sale to HH)
• Restructuring of RGGVY
– GoI to allocate low cost power to RGGVY consumers
– Need only 14 GW capacity to address structural
disincentive (likely addition in next 5 yrs ~ 100 GW)
– Extremely limited C emissions
Source: Roundtable on Electricity for All : Challenges and Approaches, by PEG and PIC at Pune on 18th Feb 2012) 22
23. Energy Efficiency; reduce energy requirement
• Significant potential; needs to be actualized
• EE should be seen as indispensable as power plants, in avoiding
shortages, facilitating inclusive growth and maintaining
competitiveness while reducing emissions.
• Long term locked in savings.
• Need for National large scale programs.
• Link energy tariffs to consumption norm for commercial blds.
• Discourage setting up of inefficient new Industries.
23
24. categories, 2020 (TWh)
Change Nature of Discourse on EE
Saving Potential by categories, 2020 (TWh) 2020 (TWh
Saving Potential by categories,
160
New Additions
140 Retrofit
120
100
al Industrial 80
Others New A
60 Retrof
40
20
0
Agriculture Commercial Residential Industrial Others
70% of infrastructure that will be in place by 2030 – is still to be built !
Prioritize industry & residential/commercial, beginning with new addition.
Numbers are only indicative (to show implications of consideration). 24
25. Radical Change in Efficiency Policy
Super efficient appliances consuming 40-50% less than 5-
star models, are commercially available internationally.
Assist manufacturers to introduce Super Efficient Appliances (as poor
consumers are very cost sensitive)
If 60% of stock for only 4 appliances in 2020 is super-efficient, we can save 60
BU and avoid peak capacity of 20000 MW over the business as usual scenario.
25
26. Electricity Demand Projection – IEP, PC
5000 5000
Nuclear
1300 BU increase in 5 years =
Hydro 200,000 MW additional capacity
4000 4000
Thermal
3000 3000
B kWh
2000 2000
Addition of ~185
GW of Base Load
Thermal capacity
1000 1000
0 0
2004 2007 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032
Assumes - 63 GW from nuclear power (recently revised to 27 GW by 2025) and 150 GW from
hydro power in 2031-32.
26
*Source Integrated Energy Policy (PC, GoI) 2006, numbers are indicative 26
27. Placing Nuclear in context
• Marginal role in Indian power sector, unlikely to reverse.
• Various targets; 12th (2.8 GW)/13th plan highly optimistic (18 GW).
• 2011 – global nuclear capacity fell by 10 GW, while just the wind and
solar PV increased by 44 GW and 23 GW, 67 GW in total vs (- 10) GW.
• Nuclear (10 yr. gestation) not a panacea for today’s electricity shortages.
• The Climate argument- the window for action is the coming decade.
• A true cost comparison with nuclear plants starting construction today
should be with wind and solar prices in 2020.
• Notwithstanding all fundamental arguments against nuclear, economics
of RE beats nuclear and even solar better considering gestation period.
27
28. Cumulative Capacity of Nuclear and New Renewables
25000
Nuclear
New Renewables
20000
15000
Additionally by 2017, RE will likely reach 55,000 MW while
Nuclear is planned to reach upto 4780 + 2800 = 7580 MW
10000
5000
0
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
28
29. Total Electricity Generation (TWh) from Nuclear and
New Renewables
Total Electricity Generation (TWh) from Nuclear and New
Renewables
60
Nuclear
50
New Renewables
40
30
20
10
0
2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Source: CEA Monthly Statistics , Monthly generation report (Renewables sources) 2012-13 29
30. Comparing solar PV and nuclear costs
Source: Blackburn & Cunningham, 2010. Solar and Nuclear Costs – the historic crossover. 30
31. Large grid connected Renewables
• Energy security, price rise in fossil fuels; focus on climate has
made RE an extremely important supply option for the future.
• RE moving from margins to mainstream.
– existing capacity 5 X nuclear and generation ~ 2 X
• $ 9.5 billion (50,000 cr) invested in large RE in India in 2011.
– Fastest growing energy sector, 22% CAGR past decade.
• Significant Policy and regulatory push (State and Central) (RPOs,
RECs, NAPCC (15% by 2020); State specific policies, SIPS, Green
levies; NCEF etc)
– 12th Plan; RE ~ 30/40 GW (10 solar, 15/25 Wind)
31
32. RE capacityREaddition from from 2002-2012
Capacity Addition (MW) 2002-12
30000
Solar CAGR (02-12): 22%
25000
WTE
SHP
20000
Bagasse Cogen
15000 Biomass
Wind
10000
5000
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
32
33. Grid Connected Renewable Capacity; March-12
941, 4%
3395, 14%
Wind
1985, 8% Biomass
Bagasse
1150, 4%
17353, 70% Small Hydro
Energy from Waste
Solar
33
34. Wind Potential Estimates (GW) for India
2500
Revised wind power potential significantly different from earlier
estimates; from 50 GW to 500-1000 GW.
> 2000
2000
1500 ~ 1400
1000
700-1000
500
102
49
0
CWET old CWET revised (2012) Phadle A. et al, 2011 Xi Lu et al, 2010 Hossain J. et al, 2011
34
35. Increasing economic competitiveness of wind
Overall Cost of generation of conventional fuel based vs Wind Tariffs
Source: Rs/Unit
Cost of Generation - imported Coal 4.1
Cost of Generation- Gas (60%) & R-LNG (40%) 4.4
Cost of Generation - Domestic Coal (50%) and Imported Coal (50%) 3.8
Wind (CERC based @ 23% PLF) Maharashtra 4.7
Wind Tariff - Tamil Nadu 3.4
Wind Tariff - Andhra Pradesh 3.5
Wind Tariff - Gujarat 3.6
Wind Tariff - Karnataka 3.7
Wind Tariff - Rajasthan 4.2
RE (non-solar) is quite cost competitive with new conventional capacity addition.
In the range of ~ 4/kWh. (can reduce with competitive bidding).
Source: ICRA, 2011 35
36. The Solar story
• Practically unlimited potential, subject to land availability.
• Significant efficiency improvement possible, on track
• All industry estimates point to further price drop, parity
expected much faster.
• Exponential Growth worldwide (~27 GW PV in 2011)
36
37. Competitive Bidding for solar in India
20
17.91 17.91
18
15.61 15.39
Bidding Range: 10.95 - 12.76;
16 Avg tariff of 12.16/kWh,
32% < CERC benchmark
15.32 14.50
14
Solar PV Tariff in Rs/kWh
Bidding Range: 7.49 - 9.39;
12.54 Avg tariff of 8.77/kWh,
12 12.16
43% < CERC benchmark
10.59 7.9 - 9.59
10
10.39 7.94 - 8.5
8.77
8 8.13
8.34
7
6
State Solar Bidding
4
2
0
CERC 09 MERC 10 MERC 11 CERC 10-11 RERC 10 KERC 10 GERC 10 Batch I, CERC 12 GERC 2012 Batch II, Orissa Karnataka MP Bidding
JNNSM draft JNNSM Bidding Bidding
37
38. Land and Water use
Land for Total
Consumptive Total Water Use (-
Land for mining (30 Generation (30
Land for Total land ) / Saving (+)
power yr life, 80% Yrs for coal, 25
Source Power Plant. land / per over entire
plant PLF) / for wind and
(3% for MW TWh life (Million
(Acre/MW) Submerge solar) in TWh
wind) (BU) Litres)
nce (BU)
4.6-
Coal 0.9-1.4 0.9-1.4 3.7 0.21 22-24 -1176
5.1
Wind 28 0.84 0 0.84 0.05 15 306
Solar PV 5 5 0 5 0.04 114 245
Large
- 12.5 12.5 12.5 0.11 116 -3984
Hydro
38
39. Distributed Renewables – green access
• An important option for quick access, especially in remote
areas.
• Presently largely limited to lighting service
• Significant emerging option for solar for critical social
infrastructure (PHCs, Schools, drinking water schemes etc)
• Higher Costs due to scale and larger O&M needs
• Innovative policy options to reduce consumer tariffs under
consideration of FOR.
• Move to grid interactive (feed in and isolation) DRE
39
40. Green Access/Green Grid
• NAPCC Grid connected RE target ~15% by 2020 (~ 250 TWh)
• Grid essential for harnessing large scale RE
– Geographically un-equal distribution
– Varying generation, needs balancing mechanism
• Enables large investments, better monitoring, less drain on
government finances
• Grid RE needed (2010-2010)
– 75 GW / 160 TWh (BU)
– Equivalent to powering 100 mil. HH @ 100 units / month
40
41. What needs to be done for RE
• Cost reduction through efficient procurement (Competitive
Bidding).
• Protect poor from high cost (financial, environmental or social);
equitable sharing of incremental costs.
• Promote Indian manufacturing (energy security, jobs & cost
reduction)
• 15% RE by 2020 will need doubling the rate of RE capacity
addition (3,500 MW/year 8,000 MW/year)
41
42. Facilitative role from Govt:
• Effective land policy (solar parks, create level playing field,
social inclusion (land lease limited to footprint, profit sharing
must for sustained growth)
• Mandate EIA/ SIAs for RE projects
• Mandate solar purchase only for rich (proportional to the
industry, commercial & high residential consumption)
• Finance is a major issue. Facilitate low cost finance availability.
• Grid Integration of large scale RE, long term Tx evacuation
planning urgently needed; Power Sector Resistance.
• Focus solar PV initially on critical social infrastructure.
• R&D (basic and applied) key for continued cost reduction
42
43. Sources of Electricity, 2020 (IEP and Low-C Gr)
2000
Efficiency
1500
Renewable Two Official forecasts show
TWh
Increasing role of
1000 - Efficiency and RE
Coal
Reduced
500 - Energy Demand Forecast
- Role of Nuclear
Nuclear
Hydro
0
IEP (Scenario-5) LowC 2020
2020
43
44. Long Term Energy Planning- a crying need
• BAU is simply impractical and unsustainable.
– Relook at type of industrialisation - future development paradigm
– Tariff policy to discourage excessive, luxury use of energy.
• Need for a more realistic and rational energy supply and demand
projection studies (comprehensively considering various factors)
• More electricity needed, but
– Earnest action for Energy Efficiency (>> gas, nuclear, hydro put together)
– Immediate attention to needs of poor (RGGVY, reserve low cost coal)
• Link policy to specific objective goals.
– RE for energy security and supply / not for global climate
– Multi-criteria framework for assessing mitigation options.
44
45. Conclusions
• Paradigm change
– from growth to development
– supply to demand side thinking,
– from fossil and nuclear to EE/RE.
– Forward looking planning
• comprehensive and truly integrated
• With emphasis on governance
45
46. A parting message
• “Limits to available energy resources are hurting economies
and curtailing development in poorer countries. India, being
more vulnerable to energy shortages than most other
countries, needs to urgently implement a multi-dimensional
solution to avoid a crisis… To avert economic hardship and
work towards mitigating climate change, we must find
answers to the energy conundrum soon. This is possible
through a three-pronged strategy to ‘replace, improve, and
reduce'.” (replace fossil fuel based energy sources with
renewables, improve end use efficiency and reduce
consumption, especially of the rich).
Source: Girish Sant, Handling the Energy Crisis, the Hindu Business line, 30th January 2012 46
47. THANK YOU
ashwin [at] prayaspune [dot] org
Prayas Energy Group
www.prayaspune.org/peg
47
48. Lifecycle water use of electricity (Gallons/MWh)
Source: Wilson et al, 2012. Burning our Rivers: The water footprint of electricity 48
49. Plan wise (past and future proposed) RE and Conventional power
generation capacity addition (MWs)
160000
RE Capacity addition 35%
140000
Conventional Capacity addition
120000 50000
28%
The percentage values are for RE
100000
capacity addition as a fraction of
30000
total capacity addition.
80000
22%
60000 14657
93000
40000 76000
24%
12% 50804
6802
20000 2467
18377 21151
0
9th (1997-02) 10th (2002-07) 11th (2007-12) 12th (2012-17); 13th (2017-22); needed
Proposed for NAPCC target
49
Indian coal production faltering (various reasons). Production consistently below targets.Extractable coal reserves far less than stated geological resources.Steeply rising imports; at high price; India swing importer in world market soon.Captive coal mining not picked upQuality of coal worsening
Very little discussion about the first link of development; (Techno-fix v/s political-economy solution). Pro-people policies may lead to faster reduction in poverty than BAU economic growth.3E (equity - environment - economy approach)
New infrastructure will be with us for 100 yearsHow cities and transportation networks are organized Buildings, power plants, roads, factories, etc.It is an opportunity that India can leap-frog and shape its energy futureLimits on pace of adding power plantsBetween 2027-32 we need to add 40,000 MW / yearSiting of power plants is already vey difficult Environmental, displacement, land and water concernsResource constraintsIncreased import dependence even of coal (no coal plan addition possible after 2030 on domestic coal)Global environmental constraints
Increasing stock of appliances due to booming sales caused by consistent high economic growthSuper efficient appliances (SEA), 40-70% more efficient than the current stock, are commercially available in international markets
Solar prices dropping sharply from Rs 18/kWh, last auction of 350 MWs discovered an average price of Rs 8.7/kWh, bids as low as 7.5.Significant price drop in the last 2-3 years; globally and in India. Studies suggesting grid parity in India by 2016-18.