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Renewable energy resources
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- 3. But Where DoesAll Of This Energy Come From ?
- 5. Coal Oil Natural- Gas Fossil Fuel • Nuclear •Biomass • Renewable
- 7. We Need ASolution Relatively Fast
- 9. Renewable Energies 1. Biomass 2.Hydroelectric 3. Wind 4. Hydrogen 5. Solar 6. Geothermal
- 10. Big Question! Is renewableenergy Sustainable? Yes, but most of the energies are not sustainable.
- 11. Renewable EnergyBiomass Solid Wood Charcoal Liquid Biodiesel Ethanol Hydroelectric Small Scale Waves Tides Solar Active Passive Systems WaterHeating Photovoltaic Geothermal Heat Pumps Wind Wind Turbines Hydrogen Fuel Cell
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- 13. Global Energy Consumption 28.1 33.3 24.1 4.5 10 GlobalEnergy Consumption in 2016 Coal Oli Natural Gas Nuclear Renewable
- 14. EROEI = 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑅𝑒𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 BreakEven = 1:1 Economically viable = 3:1 Coal 80:1 Ethanol 1.3:1
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- 20. Problems with hydroelectric •Location = unused rivers are in extreme north or low population areas. • Competition with recreational uses and environmental concerns • Hard to build dams in populated river valleys • Siltation of dams – limited life.
- 21. Small Scales Hydroelectricsystems wave 15.1 Tidal 18.1
- 22. Tidal Power • Inareas of large tides • No dam – but a turbine.
- 23. Oceans Power PlantGenerators • It converts kinetic power to Electricity. • Equipped with Kinetic energy harvesters called floats. • The floats moves up and down with the motion of a wave. • The motion of the float is transferred to via hydraulics to rotate power generators. • Continuous production and a smooth output
- 24. Problems 1.Corrosion 2.Navigation 3.Appearance 4.Amount of energyavailable is low 5.Best tides are near poles – away from people.
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- 27. Geothermal • The heatused for geothermal energy can be derived from deep with in earth. • Heat conducts from core of surrounding rocks. • High temp and pressure cause rocks to melt which is called “Magma”
- 28. World Wide Useof Geo Thermal energy
- 31. Geothermal locations inPakistan
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- 34. Geothermal • The world’sgeothermal energy resources are 80 times more than all the known oil reserves in the world. • The research of Javed Ahmad was acknowledged by the US experts during the US-Pakistan clean energy business opportunities conference held on December 1-2, 2015 held in Washington DC. • Javed said. The research has identified mud volcanoes, hot geothermal fluids in Balochistan province and dormant volcanoes, hot magmatic waters at 150 degrees centigrade in Chagai volcanic Arc in Balochistan province. The research has also pinpointed hydrocarbon basin related co-produced geothermal waters with temperature of 80-170 degrees centigrade in Sindh. In addition, there are 300 dry, depleted and abandoned oil and gas wells which can be used for geothermal energy development.
- 35. QUESTION ? Are volcano’spresent in Pakistan ?
- 36. Chandargup Hingol Nazee Sultan
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- 38. • Turbine bladesspin from the wind to make energy • Wind rotates the turbine blades which spins the shaft connected to generator. • Each wind turbine can produce between 0.25 to 2 MW • It requires 15Km/hr speed of wind.
- 39. Wind Turbine Power 𝑃= 1 2 ∗ 𝑟ℎ𝑜 ∗ 𝐴 ∗ 𝐶𝑝 ∗ 𝑉3 ∗ 𝑁𝑔 ∗ 𝑁𝑏 P= Power in watts (746 watts = 1 hp) Rho= air density (about 1.225 kg/m^3 at sea level) A= Rotor area, exposed to the wind (m^2) Cp= Coefficient of performance V= wind speed in meters/sec Ng= generator efficiency Nb = bearing efficiency
- 40. Potential of Windin Pakistan • In Sindh and Balochistan there is a potential of more than 50,000 MW. • Total area of Sindh suitable for wind farms = 9749 km^2. average capacity factor of this area in Sindh = 25% • Punjab has the potential of 1000MW.
- 41. Question? How many windfarms are there in Pakistan? Name of that area and province? • Three Gorges First Wind Farm • Sapphire Wind Power Plant (ownership of Sapphire Textile and Bank Alfalah.) • Metro Power Company Limited All these plants are located in Jhimpir, district Thatta, Sindh
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- 43. • It convertschemical energy to electrical energy. • A fuel cell is an electro-chemical cell • Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe • It does not occurs naturally stable it self by doing reaction with others Two methods of hydrogen electricity 1. Steam reforming 2. Electrolysis Demerits • Cost • Lack of support infrastructure • Storage (To stop hydrogen from doing reaction)
- 47. What has gonewrong with us All governmental planning , mitigating actions, and privatization, have backfired. Technological solutions have not worked; because it is not the dearth of technology, it is the ‘mistrust’, ‘dishonesty’ and the distance between ‘them’ and ‘us’.
- 48. Failure to builddams resulted not a single Mw produced in 9 years. IPPs have been struck with cash flow problems. Oil prices have soared high. Today debt runs in billions.
- 50. Mega projects are.. distant realities Big businesses ….. are no more feasible What is available at the shelf…are ‘micro businesses’ Go micro… Go indigenous… and build people up
- 51. How to reversethe power crisis Enable people produce their own power from whatever sources that are available to them. Block the money sucked out, and to divert it to improve the generating capacities.
- 54. Quickest Approach The quickestapproach is building up systems for self generation through disbursement of technology and development of entrepreneurship.
- 55. Have Confidence andMove Together