This document discusses a case study of the International Buddha Pariyati Uday Vihar school in Nepal. It provides background on the school's establishment and analyzes its entire education system and students' mathematics performance. The study finds that while the Nepalese government policy aims to include religious schools in the mainstream education system, this school operates autonomously outside of government oversight. Student achievement in mathematics at the school is poor. However, the school promotes moral education and greater racial harmony. The main sources of funding for operating the school are donations from the local community and international institutions.
This study assessed the contributions of Community Based Management Organizations in promoting Literacy in UBE schools in Kaduna State. The study was carried out with the objectives to assess the contributions of community based management organizations in promoting literacy in UBE schools in Kaduna State, and to find out the relevance of literacy towards community development. The study adopted survey research design with the target population of 4225 headmasters, 411 principals and 5301 teachers in UBE schools in Kaduna State. A sample size of 497 respondents was sampled from the entire population using random sampling technique which consisted of 211 headmasters, 21 principals and 265 teachers. A close ended questionnaire tagged “Contributions of Community Organizations in Promoting Literacy Questionnaire” was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts of the rank of senior lecturer in Measurement and Evaluation, English language and Curriculum. The reliability level of 0.85 was obtained using Cronbach alpha technique. The researcher with the help of three research assistants administered the questionnaire to the respondents. In answering the research questions, frequency counts, mean and standard deviation were used. while Kruskal-Wallis was used to test the formulated hypotheses at 0.5 level of significance. Finding revealed that community based management organizations contributed in promoting literacy in UBE schools in Kaduna State, and that literacy is relevant and play crucial role in community development. The study concluded that community based management organizations contributed in areas such as advocacy on enrolment, provision of textbooks, notebooks, biros, charts, maps, pictures, flashcards and so on, in promoting literacy in UBE schools in Kaduna State. Recommendations were put forward among others that community based management organizations should contribute more to the production and distribution of literacy and other instructional materials for UBE schools in Kaduna State. This will help equip pupils with functional literacy skills.
Curriculum implementation in religious education in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document discusses curriculum implementation in religious education in Nigeria. It begins by defining curriculum as a guiding program for teaching and learning that outlines what is taught, how it is taught, and to whom. While curriculum construction is important, effective implementation is key. The paper examines factors that enhance and hinder curriculum implementation in religious education, which requires special attention compared to other subjects. It also discusses the important role of teachers in the implementation process. Recommendations are made to improve curriculum implementation in religious education.
Quest in Education ISSN0048-6434 January 2018VIBHUTI PATEL
We request authors to send their original research-based articles and book reviews on issues concerning education. As Quest in Education publishes peer-reviewed articles, the authors should be ready to wait for seeing their article in print.
11.political leadership and the development of education programme in nigeria...Alexander Decker
This document discusses the relationship between political leadership and education program development in Nigeria and lessons for other African nations. It finds that successive Nigerian governments, both military and civilian, have pursued education programs aligned with their ideologies and priorities. Funding has been inadequate and dependent on the ruling government's priorities. Many African countries experienced political instability in the 1990s, compounding education spending issues. To reduce illiteracy and achieve education for all goals, Nigeria and other African nations need focused political leadership that develops long-lasting education programs to advance their nations technologically. The political system influences education policy formulation and resource allocation. Education policy reflects the ruling party's ideology.
Social thoughts on education institutonal development recommendationskamyonlinebd
This document provides an overview of secondary education development and recommendations for institutional development in Bangladesh. It discusses the historical evolution of secondary education, goals of recent education policies, current focuses and challenges of secondary schools. Some key points are:
- Secondary education aims to impart knowledge, skills and attitudes to contribute to society's development.
- Reforms have emphasized science/technical education, gender equity and quality improvements.
- Challenges include uneven regional development, lack of training opportunities for teachers, and disruptions from local politics.
- Recommendations are made to strengthen governance, increase access to education, and improve infrastructure and social development.
This document discusses the BJP government's agenda to saffronize education in India through the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). It outlines how the RSS has taken over important educational and cultural institutions in India by filling them with their sympathizers. This has resulted in a visible shift in the priorities and policies of these institutions to align with the Hindutva agenda. The document argues that the BJP government, through the Education Minister Murli Manohar Joshi, has been aggressively pushing the RSS agenda of Indianization, nationalization and spiritualization of education. It has led to the rewriting of textbooks in BJP-ruled states to undermine India's secular and pluralistic traditions.
This study assessed the contributions of Community Based Management Organizations in promoting Literacy in UBE schools in Kaduna State. The study was carried out with the objectives to assess the contributions of community based management organizations in promoting literacy in UBE schools in Kaduna State, and to find out the relevance of literacy towards community development. The study adopted survey research design with the target population of 4225 headmasters, 411 principals and 5301 teachers in UBE schools in Kaduna State. A sample size of 497 respondents was sampled from the entire population using random sampling technique which consisted of 211 headmasters, 21 principals and 265 teachers. A close ended questionnaire tagged “Contributions of Community Organizations in Promoting Literacy Questionnaire” was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts of the rank of senior lecturer in Measurement and Evaluation, English language and Curriculum. The reliability level of 0.85 was obtained using Cronbach alpha technique. The researcher with the help of three research assistants administered the questionnaire to the respondents. In answering the research questions, frequency counts, mean and standard deviation were used. while Kruskal-Wallis was used to test the formulated hypotheses at 0.5 level of significance. Finding revealed that community based management organizations contributed in promoting literacy in UBE schools in Kaduna State, and that literacy is relevant and play crucial role in community development. The study concluded that community based management organizations contributed in areas such as advocacy on enrolment, provision of textbooks, notebooks, biros, charts, maps, pictures, flashcards and so on, in promoting literacy in UBE schools in Kaduna State. Recommendations were put forward among others that community based management organizations should contribute more to the production and distribution of literacy and other instructional materials for UBE schools in Kaduna State. This will help equip pupils with functional literacy skills.
Curriculum implementation in religious education in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document discusses curriculum implementation in religious education in Nigeria. It begins by defining curriculum as a guiding program for teaching and learning that outlines what is taught, how it is taught, and to whom. While curriculum construction is important, effective implementation is key. The paper examines factors that enhance and hinder curriculum implementation in religious education, which requires special attention compared to other subjects. It also discusses the important role of teachers in the implementation process. Recommendations are made to improve curriculum implementation in religious education.
Quest in Education ISSN0048-6434 January 2018VIBHUTI PATEL
We request authors to send their original research-based articles and book reviews on issues concerning education. As Quest in Education publishes peer-reviewed articles, the authors should be ready to wait for seeing their article in print.
11.political leadership and the development of education programme in nigeria...Alexander Decker
This document discusses the relationship between political leadership and education program development in Nigeria and lessons for other African nations. It finds that successive Nigerian governments, both military and civilian, have pursued education programs aligned with their ideologies and priorities. Funding has been inadequate and dependent on the ruling government's priorities. Many African countries experienced political instability in the 1990s, compounding education spending issues. To reduce illiteracy and achieve education for all goals, Nigeria and other African nations need focused political leadership that develops long-lasting education programs to advance their nations technologically. The political system influences education policy formulation and resource allocation. Education policy reflects the ruling party's ideology.
Social thoughts on education institutonal development recommendationskamyonlinebd
This document provides an overview of secondary education development and recommendations for institutional development in Bangladesh. It discusses the historical evolution of secondary education, goals of recent education policies, current focuses and challenges of secondary schools. Some key points are:
- Secondary education aims to impart knowledge, skills and attitudes to contribute to society's development.
- Reforms have emphasized science/technical education, gender equity and quality improvements.
- Challenges include uneven regional development, lack of training opportunities for teachers, and disruptions from local politics.
- Recommendations are made to strengthen governance, increase access to education, and improve infrastructure and social development.
This document discusses the BJP government's agenda to saffronize education in India through the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). It outlines how the RSS has taken over important educational and cultural institutions in India by filling them with their sympathizers. This has resulted in a visible shift in the priorities and policies of these institutions to align with the Hindutva agenda. The document argues that the BJP government, through the Education Minister Murli Manohar Joshi, has been aggressively pushing the RSS agenda of Indianization, nationalization and spiritualization of education. It has led to the rewriting of textbooks in BJP-ruled states to undermine India's secular and pluralistic traditions.
This document discusses PRIA's initiatives to promote community-based research and social responsibility in higher educational institutions in India. It outlines six categories of engagement: 1) linking formal learning to local communities, 2) researching with communities, 3) sharing knowledge with communities, 4) designing new curriculum, 5) involving local practitioners as teachers, and 6) building capacities in participatory research. Examples provided include student surveys and internships in communities to understand issues like birth registration and women's empowerment. The document also discusses long-term research partnerships between institutions, communities, and organizations like PRIA on topics like occupational health and governance.
The document provides an overview of the Chronic Poverty and Education Policy Guide. It discusses the guide's aims to steer policymakers and practitioners through evidence on the relationship between education and chronic poverty. The guide is organized into four sections that cover: the intersections between chronic poverty and education; how to make schools more pro-poor; successful transitions for youth; and transformations brought about by education policies. It also includes a table mapping strategic education interventions to aspects of chronic poverty and contexts where they are especially needed. The document outlines the background, scope, and structure of the policy guide.
Comparative Analysis of Higher Education Policy in Large System CountriesLuciano Sathler
File made available by British Council at http://www.britishcouncil.org.br/sites/britishcouncil.br/files/a_comparative_analysis_challenges_and_opportunities_for_large_higher_education_systems.pdf.
This document summarizes a study that investigated integrating character education and higher-order thinking skills into history lessons at a high school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study found that character education was already integrated into lesson planning, implementation, and evaluation through activities and assessments of religious, discipline, and other values. Higher-order thinking skills were integrated through assessments and questions that analyzed learning objectives and required analysis, evaluation and creation. Challenges included technical issues inserting character values and developing assessment instruments, which were addressed through teacher training. The integration of character education and higher-order thinking aimed to prepare students for global challenges with strong character and skills.
This research was aimed at describing how is the model of educational character in High School Al-Istiqamah Simpang Empat, West Pasaman, West Sumatera and what strategy that was used by High School Al-Istiqamah to keep the quality outputs which have character, then this research became a model in organizing educational character related to the sustainable development and capacity human building. To get the aim of the research, the researcher used qualitative ethnography methodology. This study carried out on the condition of natural and cultural nature, it is more descriptive, it emphasis on the process rather than the product or outcome, data analysis conducted inductively, and further emphasize the significance (data behind the observed). The techniques of collecting data consisted of interviewing, observation, documentation, and triangulation. The model of educational character was (1) religious; (2) moderate; (3) smart; and (4) independent. The Strategy which was done to keep the output was forming the school’s culture such behavior, tradition, daily life, and symbols which were applied by all members of school and society around school.
This document discusses the philosophy of education and its implications. It defines education and discusses various philosophies that have influenced education including idealism, naturalism, realism, and pragmatism. The key implications of these philosophies on education are that idealism focuses on spiritual development, naturalism views education as developing naturally according to the laws of nature, realism prepares students for reality, and pragmatism focuses on learning by doing. The document also examines the aims of education such as intellectual, social, and character development.
Cultural practices and education in ghana the effects of traditional culture...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the effects of traditional Ghanaian culture on parental involvement in education. The study used interviews and document analysis to examine perspectives of community elders, parents, teachers, and administrators at a community school. The study found that traditional cultural norms and beliefs strongly influence how parents allocate resources, with cultural conformity being prioritized over education. Specifically, parents provide little support for their children's education, like not providing books or school supplies. However, parents will spend money on cultural events. The study aims to understand this disconnect and how culture impacts the value parents place on education.
This research was aimed at describing how is the model of educational character in High School Al-Istiqamah Simpang Empat, West Pasaman, West Sumatera and what strategy that was used by High School Al-Istiqamah to keep the quality outputs which have character, then this research became a model in organizing educational character related to the sustainable development and capacity human building. To get the aim of the research, the researcher used qualitative ethnography methodology. This study carried out on the condition of natural and cultural nature, it is more descriptive, it emphasis on the process rather than the product or outcome, data analysis conducted inductively, and further emphasize the significance (data behind the observed). The techniques of collecting data consisted of interviewing, observation, documentation, and triangulation. The model of educational character was (1) religious; (2) moderate; (3) smart; and (4) independent. The Strategy which was done to keep the output was forming the school’s culture such behavior, tradition, daily life, and symbols which were applied by all members of school and society around school.
Brief Review for Quality of Education in Institutions of Gujarat Stateijtsrd
This document summarizes a study on the quality of education in institutions in Gujarat State, India. It provides statistical data on secondary and higher education from 2007-2014. The data shows that while the number of students and institutions increased over this period, the growth in teachers was not as substantial, resulting in pupil-teacher ratios higher than the ideal of 30. The document also identifies some hurdles to improving education quality in Gujarat, including issues with self-financed institutions like lack of permanent qualified teachers and infrastructure problems, as well as challenges with implementing the semester system without sufficient support.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis earned his BA in 1969 from Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. In 1971, he earned his M.Ed. from Seattle Pacific University. In 1976, he earned his PhD from the University of Iowa. In 1981, he was a Visiting Scholar at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, and in 1987 was a Visiting Scholar at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
In June 2008, Dr. Kritsonis received the Doctor of Humane Letters, School of Graduate Studies from Southern Christian University. The ceremony was held at the Hilton Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana.
The document discusses quality of education from the perspectives of international agreements, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and determinants of quality for learners, teachers, content, processes, and environment. It outlines aims of education according to the Convention, including the development of the child's potential and abilities, respect for human rights, cultural identity and diversity, and preparation for life in a free society. A systems approach to quality education is possible if there is autonomy over decision making at the school level, accountability among stakeholders, and investment in early childhood development and education.
The document discusses issues with Pakistan's current education system that prevent learning. It outlines three main problems: 1) Three parallel systems (public, private, madrassas) create disparities in quality and access. 2) Madrassas discourage critical thinking and outdated teaching methods prevent employment. 3) Curriculums across systems are outdated, lacking revision and promote intolerance rather than skills for the modern world. Overall, the document argues Pakistan's education needs reform to address funding, access, teaching quality, and curriculum issues across its divided public and private systems.
This document provides information about US-China Education Review B, a monthly academic journal covering various topics in education. It discusses the aims and scope of the journal, which includes higher education, educational psychology, teacher education, and other education-related topics. It also lists the members of the editorial board and provides manuscript submission guidelines. It concludes by listing databases where the journal is abstracted or indexed. The key details are:
1) US-China Education Review B is a monthly professional academic journal covering various topics in education published by David Publishing Company.
2) The journal covers topics like higher education, educational psychology, teacher education, curriculum and more.
3) It has an international editorial board and accepts manuscript
The Association for Contemplative Mind in Higher Education (ACMHE) is a multidisciplinary nonprofit that advocates for integrating contemplative practices into higher education. It aims to cultivate personal and social awareness, support meaningful inquiry, and educate citizens who promote compassion. The ACMHE emerged from the Association for Contemplative Mind in response to the growing field of contemplative education. It brings together educators and scholars to develop a culture of contemplation and integrate all aspects of learning.
Rahul Pachori presented on promoting quality and sustainable schools in India. The presentation focused on improving the quality of education beyond just access, with an emphasis on learning outcomes, pedagogy, and developing well-rounded students. It discussed making schools more sustainable by caring for student and teacher well-being as well as the environment. Key initiatives discussed include the Samagra Shiksha Scheme 2.0, STARS program, developing 15,000 exemplar schools, and adopting a whole-school sustainability framework. The ultimate goal is for schools to continuously improve and benefit students both now and in the future while minimizing environmental impact.
These slides are about Quality Education, this presentation will help you to find the factors, dimensions and approaches of quality education, and will make you aware of issues and problems which are affecting the quality of education
Selected Head Teachers Leadership Styles and Their Influence on Pupils Academ...paperpublications3
Abstract: The Kenya Government has invested resources on Free Primary Education in order to improve on the pupil’s academic performance. Despite the high investment in training school heads, the performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) in many schools is still low especially in Tindiret Sub-County. This may be attributed to several influences of headteachers leadership styles among other factors. Poor academic performance in some schools has resulted to public outcry, protests by parents. This study investigated the extent to which selected headteachers’ leadership styles influences pupils’ academic performance. The study adopted descriptive research design. The target population comprised of 76 headteachers and 532 teachers in Tindiret Sub-County. Two-self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain data on headteachers’ and teachers’ perceptions on school leadership styles in relation to academic performance. Document analysis of KCPE results gathered information about the school KCPE performance from 2011 to 2014. The results of the study’s findings were that, the autocratic and laissez faire leadership styles had significant negative relationship with school performance in schools. Democratic and transformational leadership styles had significant positive relationship (p<0.05) with academic performance of schools. The study recommends that school head teachers to involve other stakeholders in decision making, they should involve teachers and pupils in setting school targets, they should hold regular meetings and champion the application of transformational leadership ideals.
This document provides an overview of comparative education. It defines comparative education as a field of study that focuses on organized learning across international boundaries and utilizes comparative methods. Comparative education examines the education systems of one country using insights from other countries. It is offered as a course of study in many universities worldwide. The objectives of comparative education include describing education systems and processes, assisting education development, highlighting relationships between education and society, and establishing generalized statements about education. Key terms discussed include educational systems, international education, comparative analysis, comparative method, and investigator (comparative analyst).
The document summarizes gender and education in Pakistan. It notes that the country has a population of over 173 million, with 64% living rurally. There is a gender imbalance, with 27 males for every 25 females. Literacy rates are much lower for females (45%) than males (69%). Barriers to female education include poverty, low education budgets, cultural norms restricting girls' movement, shortage of female teachers, and conflict in some areas. To improve equality, the document recommends spending more on education, building more schools, making primary education free and compulsory, and improving advocacy and monitoring of policies.
A follow up on the performance of monks teaching moralityAlexander Decker
- The study examined the actual and expected performance of monks teaching morality in basic educational institutes in Thailand across four areas: curriculum, teaching, use of instructional media/materials, and evaluation.
- Survey results found the actual performance of monks was lower than expected in all areas except one regarding teaching assignments matching their aptitude.
- Monks and school administrators agreed monks understood curriculum objectives and were skilled in teaching and media selection, but monks wanted more understanding of curriculum structure while administrators expected evaluation and teaching improvements.
- Students and parents understood curriculum structure/objectives and found media appropriate, but students wanted monk-led activities to match learning objectives while parents wanted a modernized, relevant curriculum.
A follow up on the performance of monks teaching moralityAlexander Decker
The document discusses a study on the performance of monks who teach morality in basic educational institutes in Thailand. It finds that the actual performance of the monks is lower than expected in most areas, except for teaching subjects that match their strengths. Monks, administrators, students, and parents generally agree that monks understand curriculum objectives and teach effectively. However, they expect improvements in curriculum understanding, use of evaluation tools, and teaching tailored to student needs. Suggestions include updating curriculum, increasing teaching hours, and better instructional materials.
This document discusses PRIA's initiatives to promote community-based research and social responsibility in higher educational institutions in India. It outlines six categories of engagement: 1) linking formal learning to local communities, 2) researching with communities, 3) sharing knowledge with communities, 4) designing new curriculum, 5) involving local practitioners as teachers, and 6) building capacities in participatory research. Examples provided include student surveys and internships in communities to understand issues like birth registration and women's empowerment. The document also discusses long-term research partnerships between institutions, communities, and organizations like PRIA on topics like occupational health and governance.
The document provides an overview of the Chronic Poverty and Education Policy Guide. It discusses the guide's aims to steer policymakers and practitioners through evidence on the relationship between education and chronic poverty. The guide is organized into four sections that cover: the intersections between chronic poverty and education; how to make schools more pro-poor; successful transitions for youth; and transformations brought about by education policies. It also includes a table mapping strategic education interventions to aspects of chronic poverty and contexts where they are especially needed. The document outlines the background, scope, and structure of the policy guide.
Comparative Analysis of Higher Education Policy in Large System CountriesLuciano Sathler
File made available by British Council at http://www.britishcouncil.org.br/sites/britishcouncil.br/files/a_comparative_analysis_challenges_and_opportunities_for_large_higher_education_systems.pdf.
This document summarizes a study that investigated integrating character education and higher-order thinking skills into history lessons at a high school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The study found that character education was already integrated into lesson planning, implementation, and evaluation through activities and assessments of religious, discipline, and other values. Higher-order thinking skills were integrated through assessments and questions that analyzed learning objectives and required analysis, evaluation and creation. Challenges included technical issues inserting character values and developing assessment instruments, which were addressed through teacher training. The integration of character education and higher-order thinking aimed to prepare students for global challenges with strong character and skills.
This research was aimed at describing how is the model of educational character in High School Al-Istiqamah Simpang Empat, West Pasaman, West Sumatera and what strategy that was used by High School Al-Istiqamah to keep the quality outputs which have character, then this research became a model in organizing educational character related to the sustainable development and capacity human building. To get the aim of the research, the researcher used qualitative ethnography methodology. This study carried out on the condition of natural and cultural nature, it is more descriptive, it emphasis on the process rather than the product or outcome, data analysis conducted inductively, and further emphasize the significance (data behind the observed). The techniques of collecting data consisted of interviewing, observation, documentation, and triangulation. The model of educational character was (1) religious; (2) moderate; (3) smart; and (4) independent. The Strategy which was done to keep the output was forming the school’s culture such behavior, tradition, daily life, and symbols which were applied by all members of school and society around school.
This document discusses the philosophy of education and its implications. It defines education and discusses various philosophies that have influenced education including idealism, naturalism, realism, and pragmatism. The key implications of these philosophies on education are that idealism focuses on spiritual development, naturalism views education as developing naturally according to the laws of nature, realism prepares students for reality, and pragmatism focuses on learning by doing. The document also examines the aims of education such as intellectual, social, and character development.
Cultural practices and education in ghana the effects of traditional culture...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the effects of traditional Ghanaian culture on parental involvement in education. The study used interviews and document analysis to examine perspectives of community elders, parents, teachers, and administrators at a community school. The study found that traditional cultural norms and beliefs strongly influence how parents allocate resources, with cultural conformity being prioritized over education. Specifically, parents provide little support for their children's education, like not providing books or school supplies. However, parents will spend money on cultural events. The study aims to understand this disconnect and how culture impacts the value parents place on education.
This research was aimed at describing how is the model of educational character in High School Al-Istiqamah Simpang Empat, West Pasaman, West Sumatera and what strategy that was used by High School Al-Istiqamah to keep the quality outputs which have character, then this research became a model in organizing educational character related to the sustainable development and capacity human building. To get the aim of the research, the researcher used qualitative ethnography methodology. This study carried out on the condition of natural and cultural nature, it is more descriptive, it emphasis on the process rather than the product or outcome, data analysis conducted inductively, and further emphasize the significance (data behind the observed). The techniques of collecting data consisted of interviewing, observation, documentation, and triangulation. The model of educational character was (1) religious; (2) moderate; (3) smart; and (4) independent. The Strategy which was done to keep the output was forming the school’s culture such behavior, tradition, daily life, and symbols which were applied by all members of school and society around school.
Brief Review for Quality of Education in Institutions of Gujarat Stateijtsrd
This document summarizes a study on the quality of education in institutions in Gujarat State, India. It provides statistical data on secondary and higher education from 2007-2014. The data shows that while the number of students and institutions increased over this period, the growth in teachers was not as substantial, resulting in pupil-teacher ratios higher than the ideal of 30. The document also identifies some hurdles to improving education quality in Gujarat, including issues with self-financed institutions like lack of permanent qualified teachers and infrastructure problems, as well as challenges with implementing the semester system without sufficient support.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis earned his BA in 1969 from Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. In 1971, he earned his M.Ed. from Seattle Pacific University. In 1976, he earned his PhD from the University of Iowa. In 1981, he was a Visiting Scholar at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, and in 1987 was a Visiting Scholar at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
In June 2008, Dr. Kritsonis received the Doctor of Humane Letters, School of Graduate Studies from Southern Christian University. The ceremony was held at the Hilton Hotel in New Orleans, Louisiana.
The document discusses quality of education from the perspectives of international agreements, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and determinants of quality for learners, teachers, content, processes, and environment. It outlines aims of education according to the Convention, including the development of the child's potential and abilities, respect for human rights, cultural identity and diversity, and preparation for life in a free society. A systems approach to quality education is possible if there is autonomy over decision making at the school level, accountability among stakeholders, and investment in early childhood development and education.
The document discusses issues with Pakistan's current education system that prevent learning. It outlines three main problems: 1) Three parallel systems (public, private, madrassas) create disparities in quality and access. 2) Madrassas discourage critical thinking and outdated teaching methods prevent employment. 3) Curriculums across systems are outdated, lacking revision and promote intolerance rather than skills for the modern world. Overall, the document argues Pakistan's education needs reform to address funding, access, teaching quality, and curriculum issues across its divided public and private systems.
This document provides information about US-China Education Review B, a monthly academic journal covering various topics in education. It discusses the aims and scope of the journal, which includes higher education, educational psychology, teacher education, and other education-related topics. It also lists the members of the editorial board and provides manuscript submission guidelines. It concludes by listing databases where the journal is abstracted or indexed. The key details are:
1) US-China Education Review B is a monthly professional academic journal covering various topics in education published by David Publishing Company.
2) The journal covers topics like higher education, educational psychology, teacher education, curriculum and more.
3) It has an international editorial board and accepts manuscript
The Association for Contemplative Mind in Higher Education (ACMHE) is a multidisciplinary nonprofit that advocates for integrating contemplative practices into higher education. It aims to cultivate personal and social awareness, support meaningful inquiry, and educate citizens who promote compassion. The ACMHE emerged from the Association for Contemplative Mind in response to the growing field of contemplative education. It brings together educators and scholars to develop a culture of contemplation and integrate all aspects of learning.
Rahul Pachori presented on promoting quality and sustainable schools in India. The presentation focused on improving the quality of education beyond just access, with an emphasis on learning outcomes, pedagogy, and developing well-rounded students. It discussed making schools more sustainable by caring for student and teacher well-being as well as the environment. Key initiatives discussed include the Samagra Shiksha Scheme 2.0, STARS program, developing 15,000 exemplar schools, and adopting a whole-school sustainability framework. The ultimate goal is for schools to continuously improve and benefit students both now and in the future while minimizing environmental impact.
These slides are about Quality Education, this presentation will help you to find the factors, dimensions and approaches of quality education, and will make you aware of issues and problems which are affecting the quality of education
Selected Head Teachers Leadership Styles and Their Influence on Pupils Academ...paperpublications3
Abstract: The Kenya Government has invested resources on Free Primary Education in order to improve on the pupil’s academic performance. Despite the high investment in training school heads, the performance in Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) in many schools is still low especially in Tindiret Sub-County. This may be attributed to several influences of headteachers leadership styles among other factors. Poor academic performance in some schools has resulted to public outcry, protests by parents. This study investigated the extent to which selected headteachers’ leadership styles influences pupils’ academic performance. The study adopted descriptive research design. The target population comprised of 76 headteachers and 532 teachers in Tindiret Sub-County. Two-self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain data on headteachers’ and teachers’ perceptions on school leadership styles in relation to academic performance. Document analysis of KCPE results gathered information about the school KCPE performance from 2011 to 2014. The results of the study’s findings were that, the autocratic and laissez faire leadership styles had significant negative relationship with school performance in schools. Democratic and transformational leadership styles had significant positive relationship (p<0.05) with academic performance of schools. The study recommends that school head teachers to involve other stakeholders in decision making, they should involve teachers and pupils in setting school targets, they should hold regular meetings and champion the application of transformational leadership ideals.
This document provides an overview of comparative education. It defines comparative education as a field of study that focuses on organized learning across international boundaries and utilizes comparative methods. Comparative education examines the education systems of one country using insights from other countries. It is offered as a course of study in many universities worldwide. The objectives of comparative education include describing education systems and processes, assisting education development, highlighting relationships between education and society, and establishing generalized statements about education. Key terms discussed include educational systems, international education, comparative analysis, comparative method, and investigator (comparative analyst).
The document summarizes gender and education in Pakistan. It notes that the country has a population of over 173 million, with 64% living rurally. There is a gender imbalance, with 27 males for every 25 females. Literacy rates are much lower for females (45%) than males (69%). Barriers to female education include poverty, low education budgets, cultural norms restricting girls' movement, shortage of female teachers, and conflict in some areas. To improve equality, the document recommends spending more on education, building more schools, making primary education free and compulsory, and improving advocacy and monitoring of policies.
A follow up on the performance of monks teaching moralityAlexander Decker
- The study examined the actual and expected performance of monks teaching morality in basic educational institutes in Thailand across four areas: curriculum, teaching, use of instructional media/materials, and evaluation.
- Survey results found the actual performance of monks was lower than expected in all areas except one regarding teaching assignments matching their aptitude.
- Monks and school administrators agreed monks understood curriculum objectives and were skilled in teaching and media selection, but monks wanted more understanding of curriculum structure while administrators expected evaluation and teaching improvements.
- Students and parents understood curriculum structure/objectives and found media appropriate, but students wanted monk-led activities to match learning objectives while parents wanted a modernized, relevant curriculum.
A follow up on the performance of monks teaching moralityAlexander Decker
The document discusses a study on the performance of monks who teach morality in basic educational institutes in Thailand. It finds that the actual performance of the monks is lower than expected in most areas, except for teaching subjects that match their strengths. Monks, administrators, students, and parents generally agree that monks understand curriculum objectives and teach effectively. However, they expect improvements in curriculum understanding, use of evaluation tools, and teaching tailored to student needs. Suggestions include updating curriculum, increasing teaching hours, and better instructional materials.
Curriculum implementation in religious education in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document discusses curriculum implementation in religious education in Nigeria. It begins by defining curriculum as the planned learning experiences offered to students under school guidance. Curriculum implementation refers to engaging students with planned learning opportunities through appropriate teaching methods. The key implementers of any curriculum are teachers, who must translate curriculum plans into real classroom activities. Specifically for religious education, teachers must focus on syllabi to determine the recommended topics and learning experiences to provide students from year to year. Factors that can enhance or inhibit effective implementation of religious education curriculum are also examined.
This document discusses a study on the role of madrasah service learning in enhancing human development in Banten, Indonesia. It finds that madrasah service learning can promote human development in several ways. There are three main types of madrasah service learning identified: direct service, indirect service, and advocacy. The study analyzes data from 30 madrasahs in Banten and finds that most service learning elements have high relevance for promoting students' capabilities. The conclusion is that madrasah service learning is relevant for enhancing human development in Banten by linking education to community needs and designing activities with community partners.
Quality Assurance and Acreditation in Religious Higher Education:Indonesian C...inventionjournals
This study aims at examining whether the Higher Religious Education (Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan/PTK) as an educational sub-system in Indonesia has implemented a quality assurance system. Practically, the quality control system in the Higher Religious Education illustrates that its units have udertaken synergic and systematic performance and have completed it according to the agreed standards. In addition, they have implemented and have continuously assessed the quality indicators, and have used the results of the assessment to the quality standards as basis for policy making. In the meantime, the Religious Higher Education management has undergone proper quality management which is implemented as it should be and has become a culture. According to the study of documents, accreditation data, and the Higher Education Database (PDDIKTI), the study shows that most Religious Higher Educations have applied a good quality assurance system and have made quality control as a culture. Similarly, they have realized that the accreditation is important for the reputation of their Higher Education itself and their study programs. They have even regarded accreditation as a way to give a guarantee on their services in the terms of educational systems to students and community. Overall, the increasing awareness of quality among Higher Educations and Religious Higher Educations in Indonesia has not only started achieving national standards for Higher Education, but has also begun adopting international standards as given opportunity by the state (Indonesia).
Influence of Financial Support Services on Academic Performance of Secondary ...QUESTJOURNAL
Financial support services provided by religious sponsors influence the academic performance of secondary schools in Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya. A study found that Catholic sponsors were more likely than Protestant sponsors to pay school fees for needy students, which had a significant impact on performance. However, no sponsors provided personal effects or uniforms for needy students. While some sponsors gave pocket money, most did not provide direct financial support services to needy students. A lack of support services negatively impacted student performance by increasing dropout rates and involvement in risky behaviors. The study recommends that sponsors provide more direct financial support to needy students to improve their wellbeing and academic achievement.
its all about the content and methods of comparative eduction,
meaning
scope
national system of education
philosophical factor
religious factor
geographical factor
economic factor
Al Qaed A Radical Islamic Militant Groups Of Islam And The...Jennifer Baker
The document discusses the holistic approach of an Indigenous education. It emphasizes connecting individual learning to community, family, land and spiritual entities. An Indigenous education sees students as having existing knowledge and focuses on developing understanding through relationships between teacher, student and knowledge. It encourages finding equilibrium with non-human aspects of the natural world. Overall, the document presents Indigenous education as developing the whole person through interconnected relationships within the community and environment.
The document discusses global education and how schools can better incorporate global perspectives. It introduces the Global Learning Centre (GLC) which supports schools through professional development, resources, and consultation. The GLC helps schools align their teaching with the principles of global education in the Australian Curriculum. It provides various examples of how schools can teach global topics across subjects like English, math, science, and geography. The document advocates for a whole-school approach to global learning centered around themes of social justice, sustainability, and global citizenship.
Children’s Participation in Schooling and Education in Pastoralist Woredas of...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Pastoralists are among the marginalized groups of society who live in a marginalized environment and whose livelihood is exposed to the vagaries of climate and harsh environmental conditions. This study explores into impediments of pastoral children’s participation into schooling and education with particular emphasis on the primary school of selected Woreda, Afar Zone. To achieve this purpose, a qualitative research method was employed. Participants of the study were selected by employing purposive sampling mainly on the basis of their roles related to schooling. Seven members of parent teacher associations, 20 teachers, 4 school principals, 14 education experts and officials, a total of 45 respondents took part in the study. Data were collected through the use of different instruments: Strutted interview, focus group discussion, and document review and observation checklist. The data obtained through these data collection instruments were analysed thematically. The steps involved were organizing and preparing data for analysis, reading through all data, coding, generating a description of the settings and people and identifying categories or themes for analysis, representing descriptions and themes in the qualitative narrative and interpretation. The study identified several cultural and economic barriers such as early marriage, lack of interest for modern education, parental level of education, mobility, child labor, poverty and finance. The results also showed that existence of both supply and demand side constraints. Problem of funding, inability to attract and retain qualified teaching staff, poorly equipped schools and community perception of modern education as a threat to pastoralist way of life were the major supply related shortcomings. The demand side limitations were identified as dispersed settlement patterns, demand for child labour, bride-price and peer pressure. Mandatory seasonal mobility, frequent conflicts and conflict induced displacement were cited as the most pronounced disenabling features.Drought and harsh weather were the driving forces of mobility. Competition over water sources and pastureland coupled with border dispute and cattle raid were identified as the long standing causes of armed conflict which in turn result in school activity disruption. Thus, based on the findings, recommendation is made to planners and policymakers so as to alleviate the observed shortcomings. Improving quality of school facilities, sensitization campaign on the benefits of education, blended mode of delivery, peace dialogue to arrest recurring conflicts, self-proof of schools about their worthiness to the local community and rethinking of teacher incentive mechanisms are some of the important propositions made in view to avert the long standing legacy of educational under representation of the Afar pastoralist communities in Ethiopia.
This document provides an introduction and background to a study evaluating teachers' and students' knowledge, attitudes, and skills regarding Population/Family Life Education (Pop/FLE) in Nigeria. It discusses how Pop/FLE aims to improve quality of life by educating citizens, especially youth, about population issues and their relationship to social and economic development. The program started in Nigeria in 1980 and seeks to develop rational attitudes and responsible behaviors toward population-related problems. The study aims to assess Pop/FLE in secondary schools in Abuja to identify weaknesses and ways to improve the program's effectiveness.
pramodbhatta_lilaadhikari_manuthada_rameshrai(3)Manu Magar
This summary analyzes student representation in Nepal's higher education system based on a study of enrollment data from 26 constituent campuses of Tribhuvan University:
- Hill Brahmin-Chhetris and Newars are overrepresented, making up 68.4% and 12.3% of students respectively, despite accounting for only 30.89% and 5.48% of Nepal's total population.
- Janajatis (excluding Newars), Madhesis (excluding Tarai groups), Dalits, and Muslims are underrepresented, accounting for 12.7%, 4.0%, 1.4%, and 0.2% of students respectively.
- There are also significant gender gaps, with 62
The document discusses nation building and education in India, focusing on a study comparing curriculum between public and private schools in Kolkata. It notes the challenge of providing quality, values-based education in India. The study aims to determine which type of school (public or private) is more effective in developing students' skills, and analyze differences in curriculum construction, infrastructure, teaching methods, and institutional structure between the two.
This document outlines a school plan to address declining enrollment and budget issues at Our Lady of La Salette School in Berkley, MI. It proposes implementing a new multi-age elementary program to attract students and cutting costs by reducing staff. A budget is presented based on 95 students with increased tuition that requires no parish subsidy. The plan aims to strengthen the school's reputation and ensure its continued excellence and financial sustainability.
The document discusses key concepts of diversity and inclusion in educational settings. It defines diversity as differences among people in terms of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, and other attributes. It also discusses approaches to addressing diversity as an educational manager, such as fostering an inclusive culture, hiring a diverse staff, integrating inclusive curricula, implementing inclusive policies, and providing student support. The document provides examples of how to implement these approaches, such as encouraging knowledge of other cultures and taking action against discrimination.
Recently, there has been a concern in many parts of the world about the teaching strategies employed at higher education institutions (HEI). Empirical evidence shows that pedagogical practices affect the student engagement and academic excellence. Despite progress on the new innovative pedagogies globally, Somaliland HEI are still struggling with the old didactic teaching method which impedes students lifelong learning and future endeavors. Traditional teaching methods of HEI in Somaliland prevented students to unleash their potentials. Guided by the human capital theory, this study examined the status of lecturers’ application to modern pedagogical practices. The 35 lecturers at the University of Hargeisa, Somalia from the different faculties who had received postgraduate diploma in education provided by the university participated in this study. Employed by micro-teaching observation protocol of quantitative research design, the study found out lecture method as the most prevalent in their teaching practicum, with very low student cognitive engagement, inconsistencies with the instructional behavior and inadequate instructional aids. The study therefore proposed a cooperative jigsaw method as a veritable strategy for effective classrooms and better student engagement. The study recommends Somaliland higher education to adopt the policies, guidelines and regulations that guide the universities across the country.
This document outlines a research proposal on factors affecting female participation in higher education programs at Hawassa University in Ethiopia. The study aims to identify reasons for low female enrollment in postgraduate programs, particularly in the Department of Governance and Development Studies. It will employ qualitative and quantitative methods like interviews, focus groups, and enrollment data analysis. The study seeks to understand socioeconomic, cultural, and institutional barriers to gender parity in education. It ultimately aims to inform policymakers on improving female access and participation in higher education.
Despite decades of reform efforts and funding to address low academic achievement levels associated with class and ethnic differences, there is little evidence of progress in closing achievement gaps. Standardized approaches to curriculum and instruction have made only limited gains in some schools. Effective reform requires changing school and classroom culture based on basic pedagogical principles and leveraging the cultural resources of families and communities. Participatory action research can help develop more effective educational programs that are compatible with the diverse social and cultural realities of different student groups.
Similar to Religious Pariyati Education and Mathematics Performance of Students Case Study of International Buddha Pariyati Uday Vihar (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
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There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
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significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
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The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
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providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
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Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
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and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
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these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33526 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2020 Page 942
government of Nepal, these types of schools are under the
mainstreaming education system and the government of
Nepal has a funding policy in these types of institutions and
follow ups and monitors. But municipality states that this
Vihar Pariyati institute is not under the policy of
government. In this context, how the institution is running
on? What are the educational activities Uday Vihar
operating? What is the management system of this Vihar?
What facilities are students getting by the institute to
support academic career? What is the quality status of
education in this Vihar? Does religious education effect
mathematical achievement of the students? Many questions
are in front of the local community, education related
concern peoples and local government.
Various researches indicate such as Jeynes (2002) asserts
that religious schools may be better than public schools in
urban settings in promoting greater racial harmony and
reducing violence. In addition, Morris (2009) identified
Catholic schools as generally providing an environmentthat
students perceive as being more supporting, mission
focused, and oriented towards academic success. Similarly,
Geary & Stoet (2017) in their researchfoundthatstudentsin
countries with higher levels of religiosity perform lower in
science and mathematics. Luebke (2019) did a non-
experimental quantitative research and found a small
statistically significant relationship between mindset and
religiosity (p<.01). However,, religiosity and mindset were
not correlated withmathachievement.Further,hesuggested
that Brofenbrenner's ecological model could not be used to
predict math achievement as he used. In an exploratory
research on academic performance of school students with
reference to religion (Ghimire, 2018) found that students in
Budhist religious schools secured A+ 30.0%, secured A
20.0%, secured B+ 0.0%, secured B 32.5%, secured C+
10.0%, secured C 7.5%, secured D 0.0% grades but the
researchers have not studied on separate particularly
subjects. The researcher is eager to know the entire
education system of this institution, managerial aspects,gap
of government policy of bringing mainstreamingsystem and
such types of institutions, actual academic performance of
students in mathematics who are in the mainstream of
education on the theoretical basis of equity policy in
education. In this context, this study has a great importance
to make further policies for such institutions in different
dimensions.
Research questions
The study remains in two folds, the first one is to explorethe
entire education management and the second one is to
identify whether the Thervad religious Pariyati education
hamper mathematics achievement of the students. So, the
following are the research questions of this study:
How is the entire management and educating system of
Pariyati Uday Vihar conducting?
To what extent Thervad religious Pariyati education
hamper mathematics achievement of students?
Method
The main paradigm of this research will be social
development paradigm. When we all say the word
“education”, it means the main stream education, which is
under the banner of the “Social Development Paradigm”,
where the parts are studied with holistic approach. This
study is performed in qualitative case study design.
Qualitative case study methodology provides tools for
researchers to study complex phenomena within their
contexts. When the approach is appliedcorrectly,itbecomes
a valuable method for social science research to develop
theory, evaluate programs, and develop interventions.
Further, case studies in qualitative design displays an
interactive, dynamic, and emergent character in which the
aims, strategies, data, analysis, and validity are woven
together in the process of the study (Hammersley &
Atkinson, 1995; Maxwell, 1996; Becker, 1996). The purpose
of this paper is to find out the entire education systemofthis
institution, managerial aspects, gap of government policy of
bringing mainstreaming system to suchtypesofinstitutions,
actual academic performance of students in mathematics.
Case study research involves intensive study of a single unit
for the purpose of understanding a larger class of single
similar units by observing at a single point in time or over
some delimited periodoftime(Gerring,2004,p.342).Assuch
case studies provide an opportunity for the sresearcher to
gain a deep holistic view of a research problem and may
facilitate describing, understanding and explaining the
research problem or situation (Barter & Jack, 2008).
Qualitative researcher is the key instrument in the design
process, continually deploying reflexivity and evaluative
skills to data analysis and to the decisions making in
research. Interview questionnaires were developed for
students, vikshyus, Bhante and starring committee of Vihar
Pariyati institution. Check list was formed for focus group
discussionandstudents'performancerecordinmathematics
was observed from office. From the collected data, analysis
was done through explanatory qualitativecasestudydesign.
Findings and Discussion
I start with regarding the statusofeducationsystemofNepal
at first. Then I adjudge the religious education in Vihar with
the themes of research questions of this case study.
Structure of Education in Nepal
There are mainly four types of formal education in Nepal.
They are: basic education, secondary education, secondary
level technical education, technical andvocational education
conducted by CTEVT, higher education by universities. The
basic level education is introduced for the children of
minimum entry age of 5 years. Earlier primary education or
the first level of education comprising of five years of
schooling has currently been extended to additional three
upper grades to make 8 years (grade 1-8 and ages 5-12) as
basic education at first. The second level education is
secondary level which comprises in the past of two sections,
secondary (grades 9-10) and higher secondary (grades 11
and 12) but now these two levels are merged in one and
called as secondary education. A national level centralised
examination (SEE) is conducted at the end of grade ten. This
examination is popularly known as theSecondaryEducation
Examination (SEE) examination. Furthermore, National
Examination Board conducts both SEE and examinations of
grade 11 and 12. There is also a provision of secondary level
technical education under the Council for Technical
Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT). Currently,
technical schools affiliated to the CTEVT offer skill training
courses either to tenth grade pass students or to those
having Technical Secondary Education Examination.
Similarly, in Nepal there are currently eleven universities
and four autonomous, specialised institutions of higher
education. Tribhuvan University (TU) is the first university
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
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in the country that started in 1959 as a teaching and
affiliating university. It has constituent and affiliated
campuses all over the country.
Besides the formal education, there are provisions of non-
formal educationatprimary, lowersecondaryandsecondary
level education with policy and planning frameworks for
reaching all the unreached. Outofschool adolescents,youths
and adults who could not attend primary school due to
various reasons join the Out-of-school programme (OSP).
There are also provisions for open school programmes for
those who could not join regular hour schools and School
Out-Reach Programme for those who do not have access to
regular schools. Various forms of adult education
programmes, such as basic and functional adult literacy and
open school programmes are organised by Non Formal
Education Centre (NFEC) with provision of equivalency to
school education up to secondary level (grade 1-10).
Grasping the responsibility of the slogan "Education for All"
(EFA) inside the Country Context since 2000, The World
Conference on Education for All (Justine, Thailand, March 5-
9, 1990) put great stimulus on the advancement of
instruction in the nation. The current pattern of instructive
advancement in Nepal concerning essential/fundamental
training is continuation of the long term campaign for EFA.
In the World Education Forum on EFA (Dakar, Senegal, 26-
28 April, 2000), Nepal received the Dakar Framework for
Action (DFA) for Education for All: Meeting Our Collective
Commitments. The DFA included six significant EFA
objectives alongside twelve systems to accomplish
completely by 2015. It is appropriate to make referencethat
Nepal added a seventh objective to address the goal of
guaranteeing the privilege of indigenous individuals and
etymological minorities through primarylanguage.Ascalled
attention to over, the DFA concentrated on aggregateduties,
broadly just as universally, to guarantee that no nation must
be abandoned of getting qualityeducation.Furthermore,The
School Sector Reform Program (SSRP) started from 2009,
aims to strengthen equity in the education sector. For this,
there is a need for developing a broaderframework of equity
and inclusion in the education. In order to ‘participate
equally’ and ‘attain equitable results’ all children should
have equitable access toeducation,equitableparticipationin
education, leading to equitable attainments.
To implement these commitments, the governmentofNepal
has a provision of delivering Gumba, Vihar, Madrasa and
Gurukul formal education. Theyhavebeenimplementing the
formal education programs in two ways; on their own and
government initiatives.Recently,thegovernment’sattention
has gone towards the education systems of these religious
institutions. Considering the relevance of the monastic and
formal education to achieving the goals of EFA, the
government made a decision to bring this education to
mainstream education. Under the decision facilities to be
provided to the religious institutions for the development of
formal education is included.
Religious Schools
Religion is a system of beliefs, values andnorms.Language is
saturated with similes and metaphors,moral stories,literary
references to scriptures, religious epics and shared history.
Education provides learners not only with facts and factual
knowledge, but with beliefs, values and norms held by the
teachers and inserted in thelanguageofinstruction,teaching
and learning materials. In Nepal, the Interim Constitution,
2007 has declared a secular state and treating all citizens
equally. According to the constitution of Nepal, citizens of
religious belief can establish their own schools that enable
their children with beliefs, values and cultural norms. Such
types of schools are mainly Gurukul, Vihar/Gumba and
Madrasa in count according to the population of Nepal.
Schools in the Lens of Government and It's Effort
The government has executed a few change programs for
guaranteeing childrens' admittance to instruction. To
accomplish this target, the administration looks for the
assistance of the non-government sectors. There is a claim
that a portion of the religious schools offer education to the
offspring of religious networks however some are not
included in the statistical data of the government. There is
additionally the contention that the attempts of these
establishments must be perceived by the state. The
Department of Education (DOE) has just begun
mainstreaming the instruction gave by the religious
organizations, which istaken asa pieceofinstructivechange.
There have been a few attempts to standard the instruction
gave by such religious schools.TheCurriculumDevelopment
Centre has been developing educational plans for offspring
of religious schools, which are founded on the public
educational program structure.
Critical Analysis
The decision by the government to mainstream the
education provided in the religious institutions is
praiseworthy. The government hasmadea decisiontowaive
the registration fee charged for the conductingprimarylevel
education in the religious institutions. This decision has
encouraged the religious institutions, especially Madrasas,
for registration. But some religious institutions areunaware
of such decision. Many religious institutions are conducting
formal classes starting from the lower secondary level. Such
is the case of Vihar and Gurukul. But Uday Vihar has been
taking admission of students from 1st grade to 10th grade.
As Vihars themselves have been providing hostel facility,
feeding facility, uniform dress facility and other facilities,
there is no meaning of waving the registration fee for them
in such institutions. This has affected the governments'
policy of mainstreaming education.
Study of International Buddha Pariyati Uday Vihar
There are two principal schools of Buddhism: southern
known as Thervada School andnorthernknownasMahayan.
Both the schools aim to work forpeace,happiness,social and
harmony in human society. Uday Vihar was established in
Tilottama-4 Dingarnagar to provide Pariyati education
(Buddhist education in Theravada) and academic education
for Shrawaners and Anagarikas. It is being run under the
policy of " All Nepal Vikshu Mahasangha". It was established
on 3 March, 2003 under the active leadership of
Saddhammajotikadhaja Bhadanta MahaasthabirVikshuJatil
who came from Burma. Land for theVihar was donated by a
devoted local community on the leadership of Surje lal
Gurung and Dev Prasad Gurung and local government as a
Bhogadhikar and has a property 2-1-0 (Two Bigaha and one
Kaththa covered) without Red Book (Lal Purja). By
Impression of the Vihar's activities, Dammar Bahadur
Suryabamsi of Tilottama-3 and Sher Bahadur Tarami Magar
of Butwal-12 Tamnagar contributed donationtopurchase0-
4-10 (four kaththa ten dhur) nad now in total it has 2-5-1
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33526 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2020 Page 944
(Two bigaha 1 kaththa one dhur) land in area for
strengthening Theravada Buddhist Education and
meditation practices and in the expectation that theVihars
would eventually develop into a center for Buddhist studies
and researches. Countries like Thailand, Burma and
Shrilanka have contributed to produce human resources for
upgrading and propagating Theravad Buddhism.
The present study was focused on Vihar’s Buddhist
Education and mathematics achievement of students.
Buddhist and formal educations, grades1to10,areprovided
for Shrawaners. Shrawaners are children who have come
from the different parts of the country. Theformal education
part completely followsthegovernmentcurriculuminpublic
and boarding schools since this Vihar has not yet been
recognized by the government. Shrawaners have the facility
for acquiring academic cources in three schools: Butwal
Public School, Sidhdhartha Boarding School and Janajyoti
Secondary Scool near Vihar. The Vihar provides an extra
English language course for Shrawanes which is taught by
Vikhus of Vihar if possible by foreign volunteers.Knowledge
of English is necessary for Shrawaneswhowanttogoabroad
(Thailand, Burma and Sri Lanka)forfurther education.Some
products of this school study in Nepali Universities to get
higher education. The Vihar mainly conducts Pariyati
education and extra-curricular activities related to this
education.
Activities of theVihar
The researcher collected information on the various
activities of the Vihar including education. The information
was collected through interviews with monks (Bhikshus),
Shrawanes, Anagarikas, Guru Aama, Guru and the Vihar
management committee. Under the religious education the
Pariyati education and Pali education (Theravada Shikshya
and Palhi language) were provided for Shrawanes and
Anagarikas in addition to Prabrajya. Under the Pariyati
education leading up to grade 3 Prarambhik Sikshya, up to
grade 6 Prabesh Sikshya,7thgradeSadhammapalaka andfor
8,9,10th grade Kobid could be received. The Vihar is alsothe
contacting centre for Nepal Boudha Pariyati Education. So
far, according to the published Bulletin 'Pariyati' up to2014,
a total of 43 students have passed the Pariyati education
(different levels), 2 Vikhsushad passed Kovid level from this
Vihar. As being the centre of examination of Pariyati
education, other 3 students from Rudrapur, Dipnagar and
Padmachaitya Vihar of Butwal were passed out from this
centre. In the same way every year students are passing out
Pariyati examination in the ratio of 30-40. Moreover, the
Vihar is also providing special classes on Pali grammar and
JatakPali. There is a meditation camp inside the Vihar. The
chief monk had conducted a short tem (10/15/30 days) and
long term of two month's mediation retreat for Buddhist
devotees. The Bhikshus and Shrawaners are sent to villages
and towns to teach Pariyati to interested people. The
activities of Vihar have also helped the community by
making resource materials such asbooks,encyclopediasand
dictionaries available in the library for the monks and for
those who have interest in Buddhism. Publication of a
bulletin and Smarika are another activities of the Vihar.
Chairperson of Uday Vihar stated that every year new
Shrawaners from different parts of Nepal come to theVihar
for Buddhist and formal education. The Shrawaners are of
different ethnicities. The Vihar makes no discrimination in
terms of caste and economic status.Children from poor
status can get high priority to enrol in Shikshalaya. At
present, there are Shrawaners from different districts of
Nepal such as Dolpa, Sindhuli, Pyuthan, Lalitpur, Palpa,
Sindhupalchok, Palpa, Rupandehi, Nawalparasi, Kapilvastu,
Arghakhanchi and Dang. Popularization of Buddhism is also
a major activity of the Vihar. FGD participants told that
Pariyati education is very essential forShrawanersaswell as
for other students because it teaches moral education. They
therefore suggested that the government should develop a
Pariyati curriculum and implement it in the schools so that
people could be motivated to study Buddhism.
Educational System
There are two types of courses (religious and formal
education) for Shrawaners. Under the religious course the
Pariyati curriculum is followed which is developed by All
Nepal Vikshu Mahasangha. The formal course is taughtfrom
grade1-10 in schools that is approved by Curriculum
Development Centre (CDC) Nepal. Pariyati Curriculum and
Pariyati education was formally started in 1962 in Nepal to
provide knowledge of Buddhist religion, culture,historyand
philosophy. Initially, the Pariyati curriculum was developed
for grades1-3. Now curricula havebeendevelopedforhigher
grades. The curriculum is organized in a systematic way in
terms of subjects, papers, grades, full mark, and teaching
hour and soon. The content of the Pariyati curriculum
course, Pariyati Prarambhik (for the first year) is equivalent
to grade1course. It is the first paper with 100 fullmarks and
requiring 40 hours of teaching. Similarly Prabesh Shkshya is
equivalent to 6th grade, Sadhamma Palaka is equivalentto 7
and Kovid is equivalent to 10. In a question to Bhante who
have passed the level of Kovid told that it took about 17/18
years to pass Kovid. This means it is not equivalent to SEE
exactly. Their claim to the government of Nepal that
government shouldprovide equivalencyofKovidforBachlor
level. The course of Pariyati education has the formal class
standard. There is also an examination system. Thestudents
have to take written answers as well as oral examination.
Students have to pass previous courses to qualify for the
higher level. For example, a student must be in grade 5 in
order to appear in Pariyati Prabesh Shikshya examination of
the second year. At the end of Kobid final year, the students
have to performa10-day long meditation in the Bipashyana-
Bhawana Shivira (meditation camp). The Vihar conducts
alms begging every full moon day. The monks of the Vihar
said that Vihar sustains on alms and donations from other
foreign countries. Request is made for donation to devotees
and interested people in foreign countries. The Vihar board
members expressed the views thattheViharisself-sustained
and so conducts educational program and provides hostel
and food facilities to its students. The school provides
residential facility to the students who comefrominsideand
outside the Tilottama.
Discipline in Vihar
The Shrawaners have to remaininstrictdiscipline. TheVihar
has its own norms and culture. The students who
meticulously follow the rules and disciplines of Vihars for
the Prabajya program and are given Chibar Vastra for
Shrawaners' religion uniform of yellow or maroon or brown
colour and white and purple colored Chivar for girls and
women (Anagarikas). In an interview with Bhante, students
of Vihar use Arun Bhojan in the early morning after dawn
and take lunch (Diwa Bhojan) before noon (12 o'clock) but
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there is a strict rule to them not to take lunch in the evening.
Furthermore, about three months (jun/July-
September/October) of every year, there is a strict rule for
students. They are not allowed to go far from Vihar. This
type of system is called varsha vash. All the vikshus and
students requests to other Grihasthis that they should visit
and remain their Vihar at least for ten days. It was known
through FGD that the students unable to follow the rules are
sent back to their homes (Grihasti).
Formal Education
Pariyati Uday Vihar has been providing formal education to
the students as tuetoring classes along with Pariyati
education from grade 1 to10 for Shrawanes.Butthereareno
teachers available in Vihars to teach all subjects. The
medium of instruction in formal education are Nepali and
English. Special English was taught grades 7-10. The FGD
participants (Shrawaners) said that they did not feel
overloaded in doing the formal and Buddhistcoursesside by
side. They were motivated to learn English because if they
had English languageproficiencythentheycouldgetchances
to study advancedBuddhist educationcoursesabroad.There
were 25 students studying in various grades (1-10). The
number of students cannot be predicted. The number of
students in each grade was very low. While talkingaboutthe
less number of students in differentgrades,the management
committee members of theVihar said that it is not that there
should be equal number of children in school and Vihar. So,
the government system of certain number of children
required for a particular grade is not possible in Vihar. The
daily routine was planned on the Vihar's convenience. The
supervisor said that the Vihar had its own regular activities,
which should not be disturbed by other external factors. He
also talked about Vihar's autonomy in designing the
program. The management committee of the Vihar felt the
need of government recognition of the school for 1up to
grade10. If the government recognition was obtained, Vihar
would not send students to other schools. The problem of
sending students to other school is tomaintainthediscipline
and moral values of them because students are from diverse
families and communities in public and private schools. The
government must grant autonomy. They said that if the
government initiatives disturb the religious aspect of the
Vihar then they will not go for educational mainstreaming of
the Vihar.
Facilities
Different types of facilities were availableintheVihar:extra-
curricular activities, good physical facility, scholarships and
opportunities for going abroad.
Physical facilities
TheVihar had two RCC buildings and the classrooms were
good. One of the building is called Simagriha whichwasbuilt
for educating purpose and taking oaths (Upasad)toVikshus.
At the period when the number of studentsgettinglarge,this
building is utilized as class rooms. Otherwise it is used for
guest vikshus' resident home. There is another small
building named Kuti which contains two rooms. This Kuti is
utilized by senior Vikshyus of the Vihar. There isonekitchen
and dining hall temporary building (not RCC). Municipality
had supported to construct these building. There is another
open hall which is also temporary where students use this
building for prayer and extra class. The Vihar was all clean
and peaceful. Vihar also provided foodandhostel facilities to
its children. Three kitchen staffs were hired to prepare food
for the children but they were volunteers. They are also
called Upashak and Upashikas. Water supply was
satisfactory. The Vihar took sick children to hospitals. The
children got textbooks andeducational materialsfreeofcost.
The Vihar also provided the uniform called Chibar to the
students. The Shrawaners said that there were a lot of
religious books available in their library. But the numbers of
formal courses textbooks were limited. They felt the need of
a separate library for formal course books. There was space
for playing outdoor games in the Vihar. So they played
indoor and outdoor games both. Their chibars were of
different colours. It was so because different countries had
donated them. It means that different Buddhist countries
contributed in providing Chibar for the students.
Scholarship and Awards
The Vihar provides scholarships and awards as incentives
for Shrawaners (Pravrajita Shrawanes) and Anagaikas
(nuns) who pass the SEE examination, get distinction in
Pariyati and perform well in extra-curricular activities.In an
interview a Bhiskshu saidthatthereweremanyscholarships
established in the Vihar by national and international
sponsors. Scholarships were provided for individual
students of grades 1 to10 and of higher education in
Buddhist studies. The sponsors were from Myanmar,
Shrilanka and Thailand. Some Nepalese also supported the
children of the Vihar indifferent ways. Extra-curricular
activities and study visits Extra-curricular activities were
conducted to develop personality and talent. Moreover,
students were sent to many religious places andeducational
sites such as Vihar, Gumbas, national museum andhistorical
sites. The students regarded extra-curricular activities and
study visits as very important for their leadership
development. Extra activities such as quiz contest,
extempore storytelling, andsanitation wereconducted.Such
activities would make them competent globally. In an
answer to the question of Principal of school said that they
are very talent in oratory competition in school.
Study abroad
The Vihar had link with educational institutions in foreign
countries. Some of the Shrawaners were in Thailand,
SriLanka and Burma to study Buddhism. Shrawaners would
be Bhikshus after the age of 20. According to the Senior
Bhikshus, students go to foreign countries (e.g.Thailand and
Myanmar) for10-12 years for higher education inBuddhism
then come back to the Vihar.
Management of the Vihar
Various committees were formed at the beginning of
establishment for the smooth operation of the Vihar. The
main committees were two at the starting period: Central
Committee of International Buddha Pariyati Uday Vihar and
District Committee. But now, there is only one committee
that is cetral committee composed by is composed of 11
members including three women as members. Scholars of
Buddhist studies supervise the activitiesofthePariyatiUday
Vihar.
Human Resources
Six Bhikkhus and eight Anagarikas are working full time in
the Vihar. There is no special provision of selecting teachers
for religious and formal tutoring classes in Vihar. They are
selected on the basis of qualification and seniority basis.
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Overall activities including religious and formal education
are supervised by central committee. There is no provision
of paying for teachers.
Financial Resources
The Vihar depends largely on the kindness andcharityofthe
donors and devotees for expenses. It is sustained on
donations by local people and international doners and on
educational sponsorships by foreigners. There is fixed bank
deposit made on donation by devotees within and outside
the country (especially Burma). Some of the devotees help
the Vihar with medicines and stationery for the students.
Some of the students are provided educational support by
individual sponsors for school andhigher educationinNepal
and abroad.
Local Participation in Vihar Management
The Vihar is able to fulfil its noble goals with the active
participation of the devotees (UpasaksandUpashikas)inthe
community. In an interview with the Bhikshu of Vihar said
that the community is contributing in several ways; for
instance, by providing sponsorships, stationery, books,
furniture, medical equipment and other materials, and
freeships for the students. There are also monthly donors
who provide food and educational materialsforthestudents
in the Vihar. Funds for compounding and dining hall
construction was helped by Tilottama municipality.National
and international donors have also made fixed deposits in
banks for the Vihar.
Autonomy and Decentralization
In theVihar only Pravrajita (convened) studentarestudying.
The children had renounced their worldly life. In a
discussion organized with the management committee
members the issue of Vihar’s autonomy was raised. People
said that the Vihar has its ownnorms,values,philosophy and
culture. So the Viharhas provided more subjects related to
Buddhism. They stressedthe needofmoreBuddhistcourses.
They demanded autonomy to develop religious courses and
in certification awards (DharmaUpadhi). Students must get
the opportunity for further education in Buddhism.
Regarding the decentralization, they said the government
should not interfere with the management activities of the
Vihar. Now, this Vihar has provided affiliation to operate
another Vihar in the same name of International Buddha
Pariyati Uday Vihar in Pokhara.
Expectation of government support for mainstreaming
education
There is need of government support for the mainstreaming
of education provided in Vihars. Vihars expect formal
education for their monks not in the school but in the Vihar
because the devotees come to Vihar to offer foods for the
Shrawaners and Bhikshus. If they go to the public school,
then they will not have to offer foods. Students may not be
able to maintain discipline in the school as strongly as the
Vihar. They think that the environments of Vihar and the
school are very different. Vihar environments cannot be
created in the school. The Vihar felt the need of more
religious subjects to be taught. The people of Vihar expects
that the religious course be recognized as a formal course
equivalent to SEE level with only a few subjects of the
government course and that beprovided bythegovernment.
The government should not interfere in religion and must
ensure its security. The Vihar expects material support and
laboratory equipment from the government. The FGD
participants expressed the opinion that Theravada
Buddhism should be included as an optional or extra subject
in the school curriculum. There is a lot of literature in
Theravada in Nepal. The Vihar also desire to have the
authority to select and appointteacherfortheVihar.Teacher
appointment by the government may not matchreligionand
philosophy.
Contribution of the Vihar
Buddhist education aims at mental and social character
development of the students. It produces competent
Buddhist monks and nuns as human resources for
strengthening Theravada Buddhism in Nepal. The Vihar
provides Pariyati education leading to Saddhamma
Palaka/Kovid level. It also conducts research and publishes
bulletins and journals. Moreover, it organizes regular
meditation programs for students,residentsoftheVihar and
interested people outside it. Field visits and meditation
camps are also parts of the activity.
Possibilities and Challenges in Mobilizing Vihar for
Mainstreaming
Since theVihar is conducting different programs in its own
initiative and expenses there is no such difficulty in
mainstreaming its formal education. But the study also
showed that although the Vihar isconductingformal courses
in other institutions for its followers there are no such
challenges in bringing it to the mainstream education. The
Vihar already has a infrastructure and physical facilities,
there will be no problem in the mainstreaming of the formal
education providedinthisVihar.Monitoringandsupervision
are done by the central committee. The government should
recognize the education system of the Vihar. In this
connection, consultation withtheBuddhistscholarscouldbe
made. The government should approve such curriculum. If
flexible policy regarding certification could be introduced
then such education system in Vihar can materialize. The
government should provide certificate of both the
government and religious courses. There should be a
religious course introduced as an optional subject in school
so that children interested in particular religion can acquire
knowledge on the subject that they are interested.Thestudy
shows that all aspects of management of the Vihar are taken
care of by the Vihar itself. So the problems of human
resources finance should be managed by government after
the mainstreaming. But the Vihar may have to face the some
challenges: The Vihar will have to follow all the government
courses. Since the Vihar is a religious institution it should
focus more on Buddhist education than onformal education.
So the management committee members were of the view
that more weightage should be given to the Buddhist
education course (40% for the government course and 60%
for the Buddhist education course). According to the
government rules and regulations the teacher-student ratio
should be1:30. If the Vihar is mainstreamed, it will have to
face a problem in Vihar because it has a limited number of
students. Vihar can adopt government rules and regulations
but not at the cost of its cultural values and norms.
Mathematical Performance of Students
The main objectiveofexploringmathematicsperformanceof
Vihar students by the researcher is whether the mind-set by
religious environment makes disturb in acquiring scientific
knowledge of mathematics or the heavy routineofViharand
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the heavy homework of schools make disturbance for
sufficient time affording for mathematics.
Although,Buddhism is “also extremely empirical in its
approach, suggesting that followers try the experiment of
dharma for themselves to see if it improves their inner
freedom, adding:“BecausethephilosophyofBuddhismtakes
this pragmatic approach favouring education and
experiment, Buddhism has little to no formal disagreement
with science (as evidenced by the Dalai Lama’s ongoing
collaboration with neuroscientists).”
To explore the performance of students in mathematics, I
asked students and teachers (Vikshus and Shrawaners). In
what extent religious Pariyati education hampers to the
achievement of mathematics? Answering this question, the
chairperson of central committee asserts;
This is genuine question to me. I also wasfailedoncein
SEE examination in mathematics subject. We people,
followers of Budhdha dharma, are mostly concentrate
on religious education rather than formal education.
When we take Prabrajya, the main concentration is
how fast we take the qualification of Kovid. Moreover,
there are some opportunities of getting schlorship to
study foreign countries. To get scholarship,
Shrawaners have to do hard labour in Pariyati
education. If Shrawaners get chance tostudyinforeign
countries, obviously there is a disturbance of their
formal education. So most of the students of Viharls
are weak in science and mathematics.
A Vikshyu who was taking tutorial class was asked same
question and his opinion was;
I have an experience of studying different schools
when I was admitted in this Vihar. Somepublicschools
do not take admission for the students of Vihar. I
changed four schools during SEE. In different schools,
the teaching styles and pedagogies were different for
teaching mathematics. So, the different pedagogical
styles disturbed me to secure good performance in
mathematics, although I secure grade A. In
mathematics, IsecureonlyB+.Furthermore,myformal
education was disturbed when I was sent to Burma to
study in scholarship. My success of SEE by securing A
level goes to the credit of Vishwa Shanti Vihar of
Baneshwar because there are qualifiedteachers.Inmy
opinion, it hampers more or less in mathematics
achievement.
I asked same question to four students of Vihar. The theme
of their answer was as follows;
We most of the students are from backward and rural
societies and poor family background. Before the time
of admitting Vihar, we were admitted in local village
schools of remote areas like Dolpa, Sindhupalchok etc.
There were also not qualified teachers to teach
mathematics. Although, we are studying rural schools,
the problem we have to understand the English
language in boarding schools. In the comparison of
average students of public school in mathematics
performance, we feel poor than them. So, extra class is
necessary for us but in this Vihar, there are no such
qualified teachers majoring mathematics. If the Vihar
get recognition, government will arrange suchtypesof
teachers.
I got a chance of observing the tutorial class for the students
of 6, 7, and 8 mixed together. The teacher was teaching
simplification of arithmetictothem.Theproblemwassimple
to calculate but students had a problem in fraction.Theyhad
no conceptual knowledge of division rule of fraction
although it is taught in 5th grade. After the class, the
mathematics teacher came with me and told that although
they had a routine of getting up early in the morning at 4
o'clock and sit in meditation for one hour, students of this
age would not have any concentration. So I used to order
them only for 45 minutes to sit in meditation. If the students
get time, they engage in sports and game. All the senior
Vikshus and Shrawaners coach them frequently,itisdifficult
to control them up to the age of 14/15.
Conclusion
There are some considerations for the importance of
religious education. Religion has been a determining factor
in history and in our cultural heritage. Major decisions have
been made in light of religious teachings. While it istruethat
at times religions have been responsible for conflicts in the
world it is also true that they have served to bring about
resolutions, peace, and social justice.Ourstudentsneedtobe
aware of the role religion has playedhistorically.Aneffective
religious education program will enable the student to
understand and appreciatetherelationship betweenreligion
and history. Religion is also a large contributing factor in
current national and international events. By coming to a
realization of the importance of religion in these events the
student will better understand some of the underlying
causes and complexities. So, the consideration of such
religious schools are necessary at first. To accomplish these
types of goals, International Buddha Pariyati Uday Vihar is
conducting programs and activities related to religion as
well as formal classes as tutorials. It has adopted the
government curriculum in tutorial classes but there are no
qualified teachers except two or three subjects to teach
formal government curriculum although there are qualified
Vikshus, Shrawaners and Bhante to teach Pariyatieducation
well. The main problems found in this Vihar were financial
problem. So, Vihar wants government recognition to this
institute and expect the regular support. Without the
government support,onecannotsaythesustainabilityof this
institute. The negotiation is necessary between the
government and Vikshu association to bring the Vihar in
education mainstream such that government should show
flexibility on determining the number of students and
determine curriculum. The Vihar will not be ready to adopt
the government curriculum if things endanger its religious
pulse. Government must admire the religious Buddha
community for the contribution of preparing infrastructure
by public level without the significant government support.
To fulfil the EFA goal and for addressing the human right,
religious schools must be sustained. If this is done, nation
can preserve its own religion, ethics, norms and values for a
long period. Another academic aspect in mathematics
performance in Vihar found poor. The cause of students in
mathematics being poor are instability of schools,
pedagogical differences of mathematics teachers, lack of
subject teachers in Vihar to teach mathematics as tutorial
class, more concentration on Pariyati education and
ambition of scholarship to study aboard.
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