This presentation digs into the questions: How can world religions inform business ethics and are religious countries better places for business ethics?
This document discusses business ethics from several religious perspectives. It begins by defining business ethics and outlining some key considerations from an Islamic perspective, such as self-control and social responsibility. It then discusses the philosophical foundations of business ethics in Christianity, Hinduism, and the Bhagavad Gita. Across religions, themes of honesty, fairness, social welfare, and spiritual discipline are emphasized as important for ethical business conduct.
Business ethics refers to written and unwritten codes that govern decisions and actions within a company. An organization's culture determines what is considered right and wrong conduct. If businesses focus on long-term stability and growth over short-term goals, their decisions are more likely to be ethical. Managers play a key role in establishing an organization's ethical standards and culture. Upholding strong business ethics is important for public trust, preventing harm, and protecting employees and the company.
This document provides an overview of ethical issues in business. It begins by defining business ethics as moral principles that guide how a business behaves. It then discusses various ethical issues businesses may face, such as fairness, honesty, diversity, decision-making, compliance, social media use, and harassment. The document also covers advantages of practicing business ethics like increased goodwill and productivity, as well as potential disadvantages like reduced freedom and extra costs. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of ethical leadership and behavior for businesses.
This document discusses the differences between business ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Business ethics deals with moral principles that guide decision making and behavior within organizations. CSR focuses on a corporation's responsibilities and obligations to external stakeholders in society. While business ethics covers all ethics issues throughout a company's functions, CSR specifically concerns corporate responsibility to the community. The document provides examples of the Tata Group and Ultratech Cement carrying out CSR projects in India like community programs, women's empowerment, education, and environmental conservation.
This document discusses ethics and organizational ethics. It defines ethics as involving guidelines for human behavior, studying moral choice and values, and choosing between right and wrong. Organizational ethics refers to how an organization responds ethically to internal and external situations and expresses its values to employees. The document notes that leadership plays a key role in developing an ethical organization by balancing operational goals with moral obligations. It provides questions for leaders to consider in building an ethical organization and strategies like written ethics codes, training, and confidential reporting systems.
This document discusses business ethics and values. It defines values and ethics, and distinguishes between instrumental values which are behaviors and terminal values which are desirable end states. Ethics establishes moral standards for judging right and wrong conduct. Business ethics comprises the principles that guide behavior in business. Encouraging ethical conduct involves ethics training, protecting whistleblowers, having an ethics advocate, and establishing a clear code of ethics.
Business ethics and social responsibilitychimecheng
Business ethics examines the morality of business practices and decisions. While profit is important, businesses also have responsibilities to customers, employees, and society. The profit motive can encourage productivity but also rivalry and a narrow focus on money over other concerns. Overall, business ethics provides a framework for resolving dilemmas between moral and legal obligations in a way that promotes the common good.
Here are 10 business ethical values acquired from religion and an explanation of each:
1. Honesty - Most religions emphasize the importance of honesty in business dealings such as not falsifying weights and measures.
2. Fair pricing - Religions promote fair pricing where both buyers and sellers are not taken advantage of through underpaying or overcharging.
3. Avoiding exploitation - Religions prohibit exploiting others through unfair interest rates or wages.
4. Customer satisfaction - Religions emphasize fulfilling promises made to customers and providing quality products and services.
5. Respect - Religions teach respecting others including customers, employees and competitors through dignified conduct.
6. Charity - Relig
This document discusses business ethics from several religious perspectives. It begins by defining business ethics and outlining some key considerations from an Islamic perspective, such as self-control and social responsibility. It then discusses the philosophical foundations of business ethics in Christianity, Hinduism, and the Bhagavad Gita. Across religions, themes of honesty, fairness, social welfare, and spiritual discipline are emphasized as important for ethical business conduct.
Business ethics refers to written and unwritten codes that govern decisions and actions within a company. An organization's culture determines what is considered right and wrong conduct. If businesses focus on long-term stability and growth over short-term goals, their decisions are more likely to be ethical. Managers play a key role in establishing an organization's ethical standards and culture. Upholding strong business ethics is important for public trust, preventing harm, and protecting employees and the company.
This document provides an overview of ethical issues in business. It begins by defining business ethics as moral principles that guide how a business behaves. It then discusses various ethical issues businesses may face, such as fairness, honesty, diversity, decision-making, compliance, social media use, and harassment. The document also covers advantages of practicing business ethics like increased goodwill and productivity, as well as potential disadvantages like reduced freedom and extra costs. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of ethical leadership and behavior for businesses.
This document discusses the differences between business ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Business ethics deals with moral principles that guide decision making and behavior within organizations. CSR focuses on a corporation's responsibilities and obligations to external stakeholders in society. While business ethics covers all ethics issues throughout a company's functions, CSR specifically concerns corporate responsibility to the community. The document provides examples of the Tata Group and Ultratech Cement carrying out CSR projects in India like community programs, women's empowerment, education, and environmental conservation.
This document discusses ethics and organizational ethics. It defines ethics as involving guidelines for human behavior, studying moral choice and values, and choosing between right and wrong. Organizational ethics refers to how an organization responds ethically to internal and external situations and expresses its values to employees. The document notes that leadership plays a key role in developing an ethical organization by balancing operational goals with moral obligations. It provides questions for leaders to consider in building an ethical organization and strategies like written ethics codes, training, and confidential reporting systems.
This document discusses business ethics and values. It defines values and ethics, and distinguishes between instrumental values which are behaviors and terminal values which are desirable end states. Ethics establishes moral standards for judging right and wrong conduct. Business ethics comprises the principles that guide behavior in business. Encouraging ethical conduct involves ethics training, protecting whistleblowers, having an ethics advocate, and establishing a clear code of ethics.
Business ethics and social responsibilitychimecheng
Business ethics examines the morality of business practices and decisions. While profit is important, businesses also have responsibilities to customers, employees, and society. The profit motive can encourage productivity but also rivalry and a narrow focus on money over other concerns. Overall, business ethics provides a framework for resolving dilemmas between moral and legal obligations in a way that promotes the common good.
Here are 10 business ethical values acquired from religion and an explanation of each:
1. Honesty - Most religions emphasize the importance of honesty in business dealings such as not falsifying weights and measures.
2. Fair pricing - Religions promote fair pricing where both buyers and sellers are not taken advantage of through underpaying or overcharging.
3. Avoiding exploitation - Religions prohibit exploiting others through unfair interest rates or wages.
4. Customer satisfaction - Religions emphasize fulfilling promises made to customers and providing quality products and services.
5. Respect - Religions teach respecting others including customers, employees and competitors through dignified conduct.
6. Charity - Relig
Unit 2: Business Ethics & Social Responsibilitycelsesser
Businesses can exhibit social responsibility through providing quality products and services to customers, treating employees fairly through practices like equal pay and safe working conditions, and being environmentally conscious. Some ways businesses demonstrate this include following regulations from agencies like the FDA and EPA, having mission statements about environmental protection, and ensuring truthful financial reporting to creditors and owners through laws like Sarbanes-Oxley. Social responsibility is an important part of business ethics.
The document provides an outline for a lecture on corporate social responsibility (CSR). It discusses the types and nature of social responsibilities, CSR principles and strategies, models of CSR, best practices, the need for CSR, and arguments for and against CSR. Examples of CSR programs and initiatives from companies like Tesco, Vodafone, and HSBC are also summarized. The document aims to educate about the concept of CSR and how companies can integrate social and environmental concerns into their business operations and interactions with stakeholders.
Foundations of the principles of business ethicsGemmar Lumot
This document discusses classical ethical philosophies and their implications for business principles and practices. It begins by defining ethics and distinguishing it from morality. It then profiles several influential philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, Kant, and Aquinas and discusses their philosophical perspectives. Next, it examines how Catholic and Christian philosophies have influenced socially-oriented enterprises in the Philippines like Gawad Kalinga and Bangko Kabayan. It concludes by outlining the general ideas of the Economy of Communion model of business.
Business ethics is the study of moral principles and values that govern decisions and actions within a company. It focuses on standards of behavior that promote human welfare and good decision making. There are three key aspects of business ethics: compliance with laws, contributing to society, and considering the consequences of decisions and actions. Business ethics deals with human conduct in a way that creates goodwill, earns loyalty, and brings together moral values and corporate interests for long term success.
Philosophy seeks to explain everything through human reason alone. There are three main approaches to ethics in philosophy: teleological ethics judges actions based on their results; deontological ethics judges actions based on their inherent goodness; and virtue ethics judges character not actions. Additionally, there are two main theories of ethics: absolutism holds that some things are objectively right or wrong regardless of culture; relativism holds that morality is relative to culture and time period. Relativism can justify bad actions while absolutism can lead to intolerance.
This document provides an introduction to business ethics. It discusses how business ethics prescribes standards for how business should be conducted, with responsibilities to stakeholders. Ethical behavior is defined as behavior that is morally good and right. Benefits of ethical behavior include higher revenues, improved brand recognition, and better employee motivation and recruitment. The relationship between business and ethics is discussed, noting that businesses with strong ethics are more prosperous. The importance of ethics in business is outlined, including ensuring goodwill, profitability, and sustainability. Different types of ethics like normative and applied ethics are mentioned. The distinctions between morality, legality, and ethics are introduced. The concept of rights and duties are discussed. Factors that make an organization ethical are
History of corporate social responsibilityRajThakuri
The document outlines the three phases of corporate social responsibility (CSR): Phase 1 from 1960-1990 when CSR began; Phase 2 from 1990-2000 when CSR initiation took place; and Phase 3 from 2000 onward as the post-CSR phase. It traces the origins and evolution of CSR concepts from the 1900s to present day, including early works, increased environmental awareness in the 1960s, mandatory social reporting in the 1970s, and influential theories from Friedman and Freeman.
Concept of business ethics, the importance of ethics in business, myths about business ethics, morale reasoning, the morality of profit motive, ethics and philosophy, ethics and morality, benefits of business ethics, code of conducts; meaning and importance of social responsibility, the evolution of CSR, a morale argument of CSR, increasing relevancy of CSR, social responsibility and ethics, CSR domains.
This document provides an overview of ethical decision making in business. It discusses several theories of ethics, including consequentialist theories like utilitarianism and ethical egoism, and non-consequentialist theories like deontology, virtue ethics, and the Golden Rule. It also outlines frameworks for analyzing ethical problems and making ethical decisions in business. The document aims to help business leaders evaluate decisions through a moral lens by considering various stakeholders and outcomes.
This document discusses business ethics and values. It begins by asking whether companies truly apply their ethical values and codes of conduct. It then defines business ethics as the moral principles or guidelines that govern organizational conduct. The document notes that while making money is not wrong, how a business treats individuals and other organizations is important. It argues that good business ethics should be part of every business and discusses factors like a business's responsibility in its relationships with other entities. Overall, the document examines the concept of business ethics and their role and importance in organizations.
This document discusses the importance of business ethics. It notes that ethical behavior and corporate social responsibility can boost sales, reduce employee turnover, attract more talented employees, and attract investors, protecting a company's share price. Unethical behavior may damage a company's reputation and lower profits. The document outlines foundations of ethical behavior like treating others well and outlines some common ethical issues businesses face like honesty, fair compensation, and respecting others. It discusses how ethics can contribute to employee commitment, investor loyalty, customer satisfaction, and relationships with stakeholders. The conclusion emphasizes that an integrity approach to business can strengthen competitiveness and improve work life and relationships.
This document discusses ethics and business ethics. It defines ethics as the study of good and bad behavior and morality. Business ethics refers to applying ethical standards to business practices and decisions. The document outlines several approaches to ethical standards like utilitarianism and virtue ethics. It also discusses ethical dilemmas that can arise in business when there are conflicts between ethical decisions and business interests. Overall, the document provides an overview of ethics and emphasizes the importance of following ethical practices in business.
This document discusses ethical decision making and resolving ethical dilemmas. It begins by defining ethical behavior and identifying common myths about business ethics. An ethical dilemma is described as a complex situation with no clear right or wrong answer that involves balancing different interests. The document then outlines several approaches for resolving dilemmas, including using utilitarian, rule-based, and care-based thinking. It also discusses the whistleblowing process and provides a 10-step framework for ethical decision making. Finally, the document analyzes different tests that can be applied to potential decisions, such as considering benefits and costs, and whether the action could withstand public scrutiny.
Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with questions about morality and values. It examines what actions are right or wrong and how we should decide which values to pursue. Ethics helps us resolve conflicts about values and determine the proper course of action for humans. It provides guidance for organizing our goals and acting successfully to accomplish our most important values. The study of ethics explores different types of values like intrinsic and extrinsic values, and considers how ethics relates to other domains like religions and science.
This document discusses business ethics and provides definitions, importance, practices, and theories related to business ethics. It defines business ethics as the study of moral rules and regulations governing business situations and decisions. It highlights the importance of business ethics in protecting reputation, ensuring fair practices, and determining obligations. Unethical practices like dishonesty can harm a business through costs like requiring an ethics monitor. Factors influencing business ethics include leadership, personality, policies, and the external environment. Ethical dilemmas may arise when choosing between benefiting people or the business. Common ethics theories explored are utilitarian, rights, justice, and virtue approaches. Globalization requires considering diverse cultural values in business policies.
1. Ethics is the philosophical study of morality and involves analyzing human conduct from the perspective of morality.
2. Philosophy seeks to explain reality and human experiences through reason alone, and ethics is the philosophical science that studies morality in human acts.
3. There are differing views on the nature of morality, including ethical relativism which holds that moral truths are relative to cultures, and universalism which believes in objective moral truths.
Power point used by Kai and Ibrahim during their presentation for the master of international business and corporate social responsibility in 2008 at de montfort University
Business ethics is a branch of social science that deals with moral principles and values in business situations. It helps classify what is good and bad, and tells businesses to do good things and avoid harm. Business ethics provides a framework for conducting business within social, cultural, economic and legal limits. It is based on concepts like self-control, consumer protection, fair treatment, and not exploiting others. While business ethics should be voluntary, education and guidance are needed for its effective implementation.
Business ethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations.
This document provides an overview of ethics and Islamic business ethics. It defines ethics as determining what is right and wrong. Islamic business ethics refers to what is good or bad in business based on Islamic principles. The philosophy of Islamic ethics emphasizes concepts like tawhid (unity), adl (equilibrium), free will, responsibility, and ihsan (benevolence). Islamic business ethics also focuses on fairness, avoiding prohibited practices like monopoly or interest, and contributing to society through job creation and charity. The document discusses theories of ethics and outlines social responsibilities in Islam related to stakeholders like employees, investors, customers, and the public.
The document discusses the need for an Islamic business model based on Tawhid principles. It argues that existing economic models have failed to optimize human well-being. While Islamic economics focuses on finance and morals, Islam offers a complete management framework. An Islamic model could address issues like poverty, inequality, and lack of happiness. However, there is a lack of theoretical and empirical analysis showing how Islamic strategies can solve economic problems in Muslim countries. The paper aims to present a Tawhid approach as an alternative business paradigm based on Quranic principles.
Unit 2: Business Ethics & Social Responsibilitycelsesser
Businesses can exhibit social responsibility through providing quality products and services to customers, treating employees fairly through practices like equal pay and safe working conditions, and being environmentally conscious. Some ways businesses demonstrate this include following regulations from agencies like the FDA and EPA, having mission statements about environmental protection, and ensuring truthful financial reporting to creditors and owners through laws like Sarbanes-Oxley. Social responsibility is an important part of business ethics.
The document provides an outline for a lecture on corporate social responsibility (CSR). It discusses the types and nature of social responsibilities, CSR principles and strategies, models of CSR, best practices, the need for CSR, and arguments for and against CSR. Examples of CSR programs and initiatives from companies like Tesco, Vodafone, and HSBC are also summarized. The document aims to educate about the concept of CSR and how companies can integrate social and environmental concerns into their business operations and interactions with stakeholders.
Foundations of the principles of business ethicsGemmar Lumot
This document discusses classical ethical philosophies and their implications for business principles and practices. It begins by defining ethics and distinguishing it from morality. It then profiles several influential philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, Kant, and Aquinas and discusses their philosophical perspectives. Next, it examines how Catholic and Christian philosophies have influenced socially-oriented enterprises in the Philippines like Gawad Kalinga and Bangko Kabayan. It concludes by outlining the general ideas of the Economy of Communion model of business.
Business ethics is the study of moral principles and values that govern decisions and actions within a company. It focuses on standards of behavior that promote human welfare and good decision making. There are three key aspects of business ethics: compliance with laws, contributing to society, and considering the consequences of decisions and actions. Business ethics deals with human conduct in a way that creates goodwill, earns loyalty, and brings together moral values and corporate interests for long term success.
Philosophy seeks to explain everything through human reason alone. There are three main approaches to ethics in philosophy: teleological ethics judges actions based on their results; deontological ethics judges actions based on their inherent goodness; and virtue ethics judges character not actions. Additionally, there are two main theories of ethics: absolutism holds that some things are objectively right or wrong regardless of culture; relativism holds that morality is relative to culture and time period. Relativism can justify bad actions while absolutism can lead to intolerance.
This document provides an introduction to business ethics. It discusses how business ethics prescribes standards for how business should be conducted, with responsibilities to stakeholders. Ethical behavior is defined as behavior that is morally good and right. Benefits of ethical behavior include higher revenues, improved brand recognition, and better employee motivation and recruitment. The relationship between business and ethics is discussed, noting that businesses with strong ethics are more prosperous. The importance of ethics in business is outlined, including ensuring goodwill, profitability, and sustainability. Different types of ethics like normative and applied ethics are mentioned. The distinctions between morality, legality, and ethics are introduced. The concept of rights and duties are discussed. Factors that make an organization ethical are
History of corporate social responsibilityRajThakuri
The document outlines the three phases of corporate social responsibility (CSR): Phase 1 from 1960-1990 when CSR began; Phase 2 from 1990-2000 when CSR initiation took place; and Phase 3 from 2000 onward as the post-CSR phase. It traces the origins and evolution of CSR concepts from the 1900s to present day, including early works, increased environmental awareness in the 1960s, mandatory social reporting in the 1970s, and influential theories from Friedman and Freeman.
Concept of business ethics, the importance of ethics in business, myths about business ethics, morale reasoning, the morality of profit motive, ethics and philosophy, ethics and morality, benefits of business ethics, code of conducts; meaning and importance of social responsibility, the evolution of CSR, a morale argument of CSR, increasing relevancy of CSR, social responsibility and ethics, CSR domains.
This document provides an overview of ethical decision making in business. It discusses several theories of ethics, including consequentialist theories like utilitarianism and ethical egoism, and non-consequentialist theories like deontology, virtue ethics, and the Golden Rule. It also outlines frameworks for analyzing ethical problems and making ethical decisions in business. The document aims to help business leaders evaluate decisions through a moral lens by considering various stakeholders and outcomes.
This document discusses business ethics and values. It begins by asking whether companies truly apply their ethical values and codes of conduct. It then defines business ethics as the moral principles or guidelines that govern organizational conduct. The document notes that while making money is not wrong, how a business treats individuals and other organizations is important. It argues that good business ethics should be part of every business and discusses factors like a business's responsibility in its relationships with other entities. Overall, the document examines the concept of business ethics and their role and importance in organizations.
This document discusses the importance of business ethics. It notes that ethical behavior and corporate social responsibility can boost sales, reduce employee turnover, attract more talented employees, and attract investors, protecting a company's share price. Unethical behavior may damage a company's reputation and lower profits. The document outlines foundations of ethical behavior like treating others well and outlines some common ethical issues businesses face like honesty, fair compensation, and respecting others. It discusses how ethics can contribute to employee commitment, investor loyalty, customer satisfaction, and relationships with stakeholders. The conclusion emphasizes that an integrity approach to business can strengthen competitiveness and improve work life and relationships.
This document discusses ethics and business ethics. It defines ethics as the study of good and bad behavior and morality. Business ethics refers to applying ethical standards to business practices and decisions. The document outlines several approaches to ethical standards like utilitarianism and virtue ethics. It also discusses ethical dilemmas that can arise in business when there are conflicts between ethical decisions and business interests. Overall, the document provides an overview of ethics and emphasizes the importance of following ethical practices in business.
This document discusses ethical decision making and resolving ethical dilemmas. It begins by defining ethical behavior and identifying common myths about business ethics. An ethical dilemma is described as a complex situation with no clear right or wrong answer that involves balancing different interests. The document then outlines several approaches for resolving dilemmas, including using utilitarian, rule-based, and care-based thinking. It also discusses the whistleblowing process and provides a 10-step framework for ethical decision making. Finally, the document analyzes different tests that can be applied to potential decisions, such as considering benefits and costs, and whether the action could withstand public scrutiny.
Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with questions about morality and values. It examines what actions are right or wrong and how we should decide which values to pursue. Ethics helps us resolve conflicts about values and determine the proper course of action for humans. It provides guidance for organizing our goals and acting successfully to accomplish our most important values. The study of ethics explores different types of values like intrinsic and extrinsic values, and considers how ethics relates to other domains like religions and science.
This document discusses business ethics and provides definitions, importance, practices, and theories related to business ethics. It defines business ethics as the study of moral rules and regulations governing business situations and decisions. It highlights the importance of business ethics in protecting reputation, ensuring fair practices, and determining obligations. Unethical practices like dishonesty can harm a business through costs like requiring an ethics monitor. Factors influencing business ethics include leadership, personality, policies, and the external environment. Ethical dilemmas may arise when choosing between benefiting people or the business. Common ethics theories explored are utilitarian, rights, justice, and virtue approaches. Globalization requires considering diverse cultural values in business policies.
1. Ethics is the philosophical study of morality and involves analyzing human conduct from the perspective of morality.
2. Philosophy seeks to explain reality and human experiences through reason alone, and ethics is the philosophical science that studies morality in human acts.
3. There are differing views on the nature of morality, including ethical relativism which holds that moral truths are relative to cultures, and universalism which believes in objective moral truths.
Power point used by Kai and Ibrahim during their presentation for the master of international business and corporate social responsibility in 2008 at de montfort University
Business ethics is a branch of social science that deals with moral principles and values in business situations. It helps classify what is good and bad, and tells businesses to do good things and avoid harm. Business ethics provides a framework for conducting business within social, cultural, economic and legal limits. It is based on concepts like self-control, consumer protection, fair treatment, and not exploiting others. While business ethics should be voluntary, education and guidance are needed for its effective implementation.
Business ethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations.
This document provides an overview of ethics and Islamic business ethics. It defines ethics as determining what is right and wrong. Islamic business ethics refers to what is good or bad in business based on Islamic principles. The philosophy of Islamic ethics emphasizes concepts like tawhid (unity), adl (equilibrium), free will, responsibility, and ihsan (benevolence). Islamic business ethics also focuses on fairness, avoiding prohibited practices like monopoly or interest, and contributing to society through job creation and charity. The document discusses theories of ethics and outlines social responsibilities in Islam related to stakeholders like employees, investors, customers, and the public.
The document discusses the need for an Islamic business model based on Tawhid principles. It argues that existing economic models have failed to optimize human well-being. While Islamic economics focuses on finance and morals, Islam offers a complete management framework. An Islamic model could address issues like poverty, inequality, and lack of happiness. However, there is a lack of theoretical and empirical analysis showing how Islamic strategies can solve economic problems in Muslim countries. The paper aims to present a Tawhid approach as an alternative business paradigm based on Quranic principles.
This chapter discusses the ethical issues that arise in human resource management. It explores how standards of ethics have become complex in modern society. The chapter examines different approaches to analyzing ethics, such as utilitarianism and deontological ethics. It also discusses the ethical dilemmas that HR managers face in areas like recruitment, rewards, and treatment of employees. The chapter argues that while businesses need to be profitable, they also have a responsibility to maintain good ethical standards in their employment practices.
This document summarizes key topics in business ethics including general business ethics, corporate social responsibility, ethics of finance, ethics of the finance paradigm, operational areas of financial ethics, and ethics of human resource management. It discusses issues like a company's purpose, stakeholder interests versus shareholder interests, creative accounting, insider trading, executive compensation, and employees' workplace rights. It also analyzes different perspectives on ethics in fields like finance and human resource management.
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Business ethics : decision-making for personal integrity and social responsibility,
(p. 63-109). Boston : McGraw-Hill/Irwin, c2008.
The Relevance and Value of Confucianism
in Contemporary Business Ethics Gary Kok Yew Chan
ABSTRACT. This article examines the relevance and
value of Confucian Ethics to contemporary Business
Ethics by comparing their respective perspectives and
approaches towards business activities within the modern
capitalist framework, the principle of reciprocity and the
concept of human virtues. Confucian Ethics provides
interesting parallels with contemporary Western-oriented
Business Ethics. At the same, it diverges from contem-
porary Business Ethics in some significant ways. Upon an
examination of philosophical texts as well as empirical
studies, it is argued that Confucian Ethics is able to pro-
vide some unique philosophical and intellectual perspec-
tives in order to forge a richer understanding and analysis
of the field of contemporary Business Ethics.
KEY WORDS: business ethics, Confucian ethics, reci-
procity, hierarchy, The Doctrine of the Mean, human
virtue
Introduction
Confucianism as a body of philosophical ethical
thought and the discipline of Business Ethics appear,
at first blush, to be strange bedfellows. In terms of
origins and sources, Confucianism emerged in the
4–5th century BC prior to the industrial age and the
modern knowledge economy. Business Ethics today,
on the other hand, is largely Western-oriented. It is
also influenced by and is discussed primarily with
reference to the capitalist framework. As we will see
below, though some of the ethical theories regularly
taught and examined in contemporary Business
Ethics such as Aristotelian ethics may originate from
the Axial Age
1
(as did Confucianism), a large
majority of the major moral philosophers featured in
the texts hail from the West. Indeed, it is not sur-
prising that Confucianism as a philosophy did not
recognise the discipline of Business Ethics as such
(Wang, 2004, p. 55).
Ironically, notwithstanding the different origins
and sources, one commonality between Confucian
Ethics and Business Ethics is that both have under-
gone and are currently undergoing crises of sorts.
Yet, the problems faced by each of the disciplines or
areas and the respective socio-historical backgrounds
against which these disciplines are situated are indeed
quite disparate.
Confucianism has had to weather the onslaught of
criticisms
2
in the wake of the Asian economic crisis of
the 1990s arising from or in connection with the
allegations of cronyism and nepotism in some Asian
countries. Confucianism had undergone a tumultu-
ous history in China and its significance in its birth-
place had fluctuated. During the May Fourth
Movement of 1919 and the Maoist Cultural Revo-
lution from 1966–1976, fo ...
Islamic Ethical Business Practices among Muslim Entrepreneurs: A Case Study i...inventionjournals
:Entrepreneurship is part of the Islamic economic system and business. Islam urges its followers to always strive to be innovative and active entrepreneurs. The objective of this study is to review the implementation of Islamic ethical business among the Muslim entrepreneurs. This study used a qualitative approach through case studies conducted on Muslim entrepreneur namely Syarikat FAIZA Sdn. Bhd. to share their practices in Islamic ethical business. The findings of this study indicate that Syarikat FAIZA Sdn. Bhd. have a system of ethics which is a combination of various elements including faith and worship of God, in good faith and correct, choose the lawful and good, trustworthy, attentive to the needs of others and so on. Compliance and practice of these values makes them different from other entrepreneurs.
This document provides a review of Indian philosophy and business ethics. It discusses how ethics was once seen as irrelevant to business but is now seen as critical to success. It explores the meaning of business ethics in the context of major Indian philosophical traditions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Arthashastra. The paper is divided into sections on the characteristics of Indian philosophy and ethics, management ethos in these traditions, relevance to modern governance, and individual ethics. Overall, it aims to establish links between ancient Indian ethics and modern business ethics concepts.
This document provides an overview of ethics and values in business. It discusses how business ethics is an important part of managing organizations and addresses relationships with stakeholders. The document outlines several key areas of business ethics including general business ethics, professional ethics, and ethics in various industries such as manufacturing, education, IT, food, and media/advertising. It also discusses theoretical approaches to ethics and benefits of managing ethics in the workplace.
GROUP 4.pptx report presentation businessgiselleruiz29
The document discusses how different belief systems can impact business practices. It outlines 5 major world religions - Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism - and summarizes some of their core beliefs and principles related to business ethics. For each religion, it highlights teachings around fair treatment of customers and workers, honesty, compassion, justice, and respect for people and the environment. Overall, the document shows how an individual's or society's religious beliefs can shape their approach to business and commerce.
This document discusses and compares Western and Islamic views of corporate social responsibility (CSR). It provides an overview of several Western perspectives on CSR, including Milton Friedman's view that a corporation's sole responsibility is to increase profits. It also discusses stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory as Western approaches. In contrast, the document outlines that the Islamic worldview sees CSR from a holistic perspective grounded in Islamic principles of tawhid (unity of God) and sharia law. It argues that from an Islamic perspective, CSR stems from the fundamental belief that humans were created to serve God alone.
Today's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social IssuesQamar Farooq
This document discusses business ethics and social responsibility. It defines business ethics and explains how they are influenced by factors like laws, public acceptance, and trust between businesses and consumers. Organizations shape ethical behavior through codes of conduct, training, and leadership that demonstrates ethical values. Businesses have social responsibilities to the public, customers, employees, and investors. They must consider issues like health, safety, diversity, and the environment. Regulations protect stakeholders, and ethics are important for maintaining society's trust in business.
This document provides an overview of business ethics and codes of ethics. It begins with an abstract discussing how codes of ethics guide decision making and reflect an organization's values. It then defines key terms like ethics, morals, and normative vs. descriptive ethics. The document discusses the history and development of business ethics from the 1960s onward. It notes increased focus on topics like the environment, discrimination, and financial fraud over time. The document also explains why organizations implement codes of ethics, including to communicate values, ensure efficient operations, and maintain trust with stakeholders. Overall, the summary provides useful context on the purpose and evolution of business ethics codes.
This document provides an overview of Islamic business ethics. It defines ethics and discusses factors that influence ethical behavior in Islam, including legal interpretations, organizational factors, and individual factors. It then outlines the Islamic ethical system and compares it to other systems. Key axioms of Islamic ethical philosophy are discussed. The document also covers halal and haram areas of business, developing an ethical organizational climate, social responsibility in Islam, and guidelines for managing ethics in Muslim businesses.
This document provides an overview of Islamic business ethics. It defines ethics and discusses factors that influence ethical behavior in Islam, including legal interpretations, organizational factors, and individual factors. It also outlines the Islamic ethical system and compares it to other systems. The document discusses halal and haram business areas, developing an ethical organizational climate, and an Islamic perspective on social responsibility of organizations. It provides general ethical guidelines for Muslims in business and discusses punishment and repentance for unethical behavior.
This document provides an overview of Islamic business ethics. It discusses factors that influence ethical behavior in Islam, including legal interpretations guided by sharia law, organizational factors like codes of ethics, and individual factors like personal values and life experiences. The document also outlines the Islamic ethical system and compares it to other systems. It provides guidelines for Muslims in business, including developing an ethical organizational climate, treating stakeholders responsibly, and engaging in lawful and beneficial activities.
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Religion and business ethics
1. RELIGION AND BUSINESS
ETHICS
Business ethics through the lens of Buddism,
Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Hinduism: between
theology and practice
How can world religions inform business ethics and
are more religious countries better places for
business ethics?
Huub Ruël
Professor of International
Business & Diplomacy –
Global Talent Management
Hotelschool The Hague
The Netherlands
h.ruel@Hotelschool.nl
4. THE STORY LINE TO SHARE
Intro: business ethics in today’s global economy: rough times?
Research questions:
How can world religions inform business ethics and are more
religious countries better places for business ethics?
The religious sources of world religions for business ethics
World religions’ views on business ethics
Business ethics in practice
World religions and business ethics – any chance to make a
difference?
5. BUT FIRST: WHAT ARE BUSINESS ETHICS?
Business ethics, therefore, is the study of good and evil, right and wrong, and just and unjust
actions in business. In general, ethical traditions that apply to business favor truth telling,
honesty, protection of human and animal life and rights, respect of law, and operation in
accord with policies adopted by society to achieve justice for all.
Some of these touchstones go back thousands of years. Other ethical standards, such as the
principle that a corporation is responsible for worker safety and health, have emerged only
recently.
These ethical values in business are considered to come from four major sources: religion,
philosophy, culture, and law
Source: Steiner, J. F., & Steiner, G. A. (1994). Business, government, and society: a managerial perspective: text and cases.
McGraw-Hill.
6. SOURCES FOR BUSINESS ETHICS IN
WORLD RELIGIONS
Buddism Christianity Islam Hinduism Judaism
Religious
sources of
world
religions
The ancient
Sutras
divided into
Nikayas
or Agamas.
All part of the
Tripitakas
Old & New
Testament of
the Bible.
The Quran
and the
Hadith (life
and sayings of
the Prophet
Mohammed
The Bhagavad
Gita ("The
Song of God.
In short: the
Gita: a 700
verse in
Sanskrit scrip
ture (500-200
BCE)
Thora &
Talmud
(consisting of
Mishnah and
Gemara)
8. BUDDHISM AND BUSINESS ETHICS
For a Buddhist, ethics is an integral part of the whole practice of
achieving full Buddhahood.
"Good" or "right" actions are defined as behaviors that are
beneficial toward realization of enlightenment.
"Bad" or "wrong“ actions are defined as behaviors that are
harmful to the practice of becoming a Buddha
Source: Chang, O. (2003). Humanistic Buddhism and business ethics. Hsi Journal of
Humanistic Buddhism, 4, 181-188.
9. BUDDHISM AND BUSINESS ETHICS
Six principles derived from Buddism for business ethics (Chang, 2003)
Business is a vehicle for the deliverance of self and other sentient beings.
The purpose of business should be "fair profit"--fair in the sense that it allows
the business, as well as all its stakeholders, a chance to grow and prosper.
Business should be operated in a friendly way to the environment. Nature is
the origin of all beings and non-beings.
Business should be a place of equal opportunity. Equality is one of the most
important principles in Humanistic Buddhism.
Business should be a place to practice all the bodhisattva virtues of loving
kindness, compassion, respect, giving, loyalty, empathy, and caring.
Business should be held accountable for continuous improvement. The path
to enlightenment is a continuous process of self-renewal
11. CHRISTIANITY AND BUSINESS ETHICS
SOURCE: QUDDUS, M., BAILEY III, H., & WHITE, L. R. (2009). BUSINESS ETHICS: PERSPECTIVES FROM JUDAIC,
CHRISTIAN, AND ISLAMIC SCRIPTURES. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, SPIRITUALITY AND RELIGION, 6(4), 323-334.
..the Ten Commendments do not directly address issues of work, their moral dimension has various
implications for the business world. The spiritual message, if understood properly, has a powerful
impact on people (Quddus et al. 2009)
The following examples arise inspired by the Ten Commendments:
• negotiated settlement for solving business problems is a virtue;
• compromise, listening and understanding partners’ views facilitate business relations;
• contracts and agreements among partners shall be observed and shall not be nullified
except by mutual agreement;
• violation of an agreement is a sin and causes an unhealthy business environment; fairness
and due process are expected;
• tolerance for autocratic style is essential for the continuity of an organization; conflict may
have negative consequences;
• evolution rather than revolution is the right path for survival and growth;
• a friendly environment and harmonious relations in the work place are essential for
organizational existence and development.
12. CHRISTIANITY AND BUSINESS ETHICS
Business ethics foci:
Bribery (Acts 8:17-22; Acts 24:24–26): bribery is considered highly
unethical in the Christian tradition, even in cases in which it would
not be used for competitive advantage.
Fraud and cheating (Romans 16: 17–18; Ephesians 4:48): “the
Christian scriptures soundly condemn fraud, deception and theft”
Discrimination (James 2:2–4, 8–9; Romans 3:10–12): “discrimination
cannot be justified by referenceto Christian scriptures”
Employee compensation (James 5:4) “Failure to pay those hired for
a task is abhorred”
Source: Ali, A. J., & Gibbs, M. (1998). Foundation of business ethics in contemporary religious thought: The
Ten Commandment perspective. International Journal of Social Economics.
14. ISLAM AND BUSINESS ETHICS
SOURCE: QUDDUS, M., BAILEY III, H., & WHITE, L. R. (2009). BUSINESS ETHICS: PERSPECTIVES FROM JUDAIC,
CHRISTIAN, AND ISLAMIC SCRIPTURES. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, SPIRITUALITY AND RELIGION, 6(4), 323-334.
“Islamic Ten Commendments have a central place in Islamic
teaching and were often emphasized in the Prophet Mohammed’s
sayings. The most significant part of the Islamic Ten
Commendments, that set them apart from the other Ten
Commendments, is the emphasis on business conduct and day-to-
day dealing”.
15. ISLAM AND BUSINESS ETHICS
SOURCE: QUDDUS, M., BAILEY III, H., & WHITE, L. R. (2009). BUSINESS ETHICS: PERSPECTIVES FROM JUDAIC,
CHRISTIAN, AND ISLAMIC SCRIPTURES. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, SPIRITUALITY AND RELIGION, 6(4), 323-334.
Implications of the Islam Ten Commendments (Quddus et al. 2009):
• Unity of direction;
• Differentiating products and services are essential for business conduct;
• A respect for competent and accepted authority;
• Senior employees should be treated with dignity;
• Subsidiaries should observe the parent company instructions;
• Spin offs should be done in a way that does not cause chaos;
• Business should not engage in price wars to drive others out of business;
• Employee layoffs and downsizing should be considered as a last resort to maintain business
survival and should not be done for the purpose of increasing profit;
• Codes of ethics and moral standards in corporations should be applicable to everyone;
• Promotional materials that are indecent and may inflict emotional distress on people should
be avoided;
• Respect for human dignity in the workplace;
• Treat employees grievances seriously and fairly;
• Justices and equity are virtuous.
16. ISLAM AND BUSINESS ETHICS
Business ethics foci:
Bribery (Abu-Dawud, Book 24, Number 3573): “There seems to be a great deal of
consistency in the condemnation of bribery as an unethical and immoral
practice” (Ali & Gibbs, 1998, p. 326)
Fraud and cheating (Quran 11:85; Quran 33:70): “honest dealings in commerce
and business transactions have been greatly emphasized in Islamic scriptures and
teachings. Fraud and cheating are soundly condemned”
Discrimination (Quran 4:16; 49:13): “quotations from the scriptures are informative
in that they uniformly speak against discrimination”
Employee compensation (Hadith 3, Book 46, No. 721:Hadith Vol. 3, Book 34, No.
430): “These admonitions from the Prophet make it particularly clear that the
workers are to be paid a fair wage relative to their employer”.
Source: Ali, A. J., & Gibbs, M. (1998). Foundation of business ethics in contemporary religious thought: The Ten
Commandment perspective. International Journal of Social Economics.
18. HINDUISM AND BUSINESS ETHICS
SOURCE: GRĂDINARU, A., & IAVORSCHI, M. (2013). THE HINDU ECONOMIC SYSTEM. HUMAN &
SOCIAL STUDIES. RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, 2(2), 41-58.
DUNN, S. L., & JENSEN, J. D. (2019). HINDUISM AND HINDU BUSINESS PRACTICES. INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, 10(1), 33-48.
One early writer with much influence to this day was the
politician and economist Kautilya Arthashastra (300 BCE)
Arthashastra laid down many principles that influence today‟s
business and political practices.
“Among Arthashastra‟s other principles included monopolies
were to be discouraged; prices and profits were to be kept fair;
there should be a tax system which would have reasonable rates,
should be inexpensive it its administration, and does not
negatively impact economic growth; and there should be high
taxation on luxury goods. Another principle maintained that
laborers should be given fair wages, depending on their skills and
productivity.” (Dunn & Jensen, 2019, p. 40)
19. HINDUISM AND BUSINESS ETHICS
SOURCE: DUNN, S. L., & JENSEN, J. D. (2019). HINDUISM AND HINDU BUSINESS
PRACTICES. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, 10(1), 33-48.
“The five restraints (truthfulness, not to steal, non-violence, sexual
moderation, non-possession) and the five observances (surrendering to
god, satisfaction, purity, austerity, self-knowledge) of Hinduism inform
the practice of business (Ramakrishna, n.d.). “
The Gita also considers that the person and the person‟s job should be
aligned.
Business managers must discern the skills and abilities of each worker
and assign that worker to a job the worker can handle. Workers so
assigned must work with a good attitude. Managers and workers must
practice the seven duties of “forgiveness, self-control, non-stealing,
steadiness, truthfulness, wisdom, and learning” (Chattopadhyay, 2012, p. 117).
Business governance must exhibit the five basic human values of
peace, love, truth, righteousness, and good conduct. Leaders of
businesses must know him or herself, and must manage him or herself
before managing other people. (Dunn & Jensen, 2019, p. 41)
21. JUDAISM AND BUSINESS ETHICS
SOURCE: ALI, A. J., & GIBBS, M. (1998). FOUNDATION OF BUSINESS ETHICS IN CONTEMPORARY
RELIGIOUS THOUGHT: THE TEN COMMANDMENT PERSPECTIVE. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
SOCIAL ECONOMICS.
“The Ten Commendments in the Old Testament are a reflection, at
that time, of prevailing tribalistic principles, [but] they, and rightly,
can set the foundation for business conduct. Their moral message is
timeless and their utility as a standard of conduct has several
implications.”
22. JUDAISM AND BUSINESS ETHICS
SOURCE: ALI, A. J., & GIBBS, M. (1998). FOUNDATION OF BUSINESS ETHICS IN CONTEMPORARY RELIGIOUS
THOUGHT: THE TEN COMMANDMENT PERSPECTIVE. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ECONOMICS.
Implications of the Jewish Ten Commendments (Quddus et al.
2009):
Loyalty to authority, emphasis on appearance and the value of good impressions;
Emphasis of literal meaning, on contractual agreements, the role of promotion
and advertising in enhancing product differentiation and competitive position;
Setting specific time for work; encouragement of active promotion and
stimulation during the work day;
Identifying various programs and activities to be pursued just before the Sabbath,
designing products for the benefit of parents;
Promoting respect for seniority in an organization;
Promoting honesty as a virtue;
Promoting conflict resolution in a frank and businesslike environment;
Treating partnerships as necessary for business growth;
Promoting a commitment to customers, suppliers and partners; and engaging in
activities that strengthen community linkage.
23. JUDAISM AND BUSINESS ETHICS
SOURCE: QUDDUS, M., BAILEY III, H., & WHITE, L. R. (2009). BUSINESS ETHICS: PERSPECTIVES FROM
JUDAIC, CHRISTIAN, AND ISLAMIC SCRIPTURES. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, SPIRITUALITY AND
RELIGION, 6(4), 323-334.
Business ethics foci:
Bribery (Psalms 26:9–10; Exodus 23:8): “bribery is strongly discouraged
in Judaism and is looked down upon. It is seen as perverting justice.”
Fraud and cheating (Leviticus 19:11; Leviticus 19:35–36; Proverbs
11:1): “fraud and cheating are abhorrent in the Jewish religious
tradition. Those who practice such things are promised punishment
from the Lord”.
Discrimination (Exodus 23:9; Leviticus 19:15): “Jewish scriptures
generally do not support discrimination”
Employee compensation (Leviticus 19:13; Deuteronomy 24:14–15):
“in these passages we see a requirement for employees to be paid
promptly for their work in Jewish scripture”
26. CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX 2019
The most
corrupt
countries are in
Africa, Middle
East, Asia and
Latin America
27. GLOBAL RIGHTS INDEX 2019
Countries with
workers’ rights
violations
predominantly
can be found
in Africa,
Middle East,
Asia, the
United States
and Latin
America
28. INEQUALITY INDEX 2018
Wealth and
income
inequality is the
highest in
countries in
Africa, Middle
East, South Asia
and Latin
America
29. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX 2018
Human
development is
the lowest in
countries in
Africa, Middle
East, South Asia
and Latin
America
30. CONCLUSIONS
All major world religions’s sources provide clear inputs or have
clear references to business ethics
All major world religions support adherence to business ethics
which ‘boils’ down to: fairness, justice, fair wages, no theft, no
discrimination, no bribery, no fraud.
In practice: corruption is widespread, human development the
lowest, workers’ rights violations the highest and wealth
distribution the most unequal especially in countries where
people express that religion is important in their daily lifes: Africa,
Middle East, Asia and Latin America.
Explanations? Poverty, Education, Institutional development,
Autocracy/democracy, Types of capitalism, Culture, Religion?
31. CONCLUSIONS
The interfaith declaration on business ethics
Released in 1994, “An Interfaith Declaration: A Code of Ethics on
International Business for Christians, Muslims, and Jews” is
comprised of two parts: principles and guidelines.
The four principles (justice, mutual respect/love, stewardship and
honesty) are described predominantly in religious terms, devoid
of any connection to business.
In contrast, the guidelines invoke the principles in their ethical
sense, devoid of any religious connotation.
32. REFERENCES:
Ali, A. J., & Gibbs, M. (1998). Foundation of
business ethics in contemporary religious
thought: The Ten Commandment
perspective. International Journal of Social
Economics.
Chang, O. (2003). Humanistic Buddhism and
business ethics. Hsi Journal of Humanistic
Buddhism, 4, 181-188.
Quddus, M., Bailey III, H., & White, L. R. (2009).
Business ethics: perspectives from Judaic,
Christian, and Islamic scriptures. Journal of
Management, Spirituality and Religion, 6(4),
323-334.
Grădinaru, A., & Iavorschi, M. (2013). The Hindu
Economic System. Human & Social Studies.
Research and Practice, 2(2), 41-58.
Steiner, J. F., & Steiner, G. A. (1994). Business,
government, and society: a managerial
perspective: text and cases. McGraw-Hill