1. The document discusses different types of relative clauses including defining and non-defining relative clauses. It provides examples of relative clauses using who, whom, which, that, whose, why, where, when. 2. Relative pronouns are used to join two sentences together where the second sentence provides more information about the noun mentioned in the first sentence. Different relative pronouns are used depending on whether the relative clause refers to a person or thing. 3. The document provides examples of relative clauses and practice questions for the reader to test their understanding of using relative pronouns correctly in sentences.

1. Relative Clauses

2. 1. WHO: ….. N (person) + WHO + V + O
E.g. I want you to meet the woman.
The woman taught me how to
drive.
 I want you to meet the woman
who taught me how to drive.
2. WHOM: …..N (person) + WHOM + S + V
E.g. I’ve talked to the boy.
The boy is a very successful
student
 The boy to whom I have talked
is a very successful student.

3. Who /Whom
• Mr. Pike, -------------- is our boss, has just come
back from Paris.
• The girl ---------is sitting on the bench is my new
friend.
• The woman ………. you saw on the street is my
aunt.
• It is him -------------- helped me last night.

4. 3. WHICH:
….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O
….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V

5. • The composition ------------- was written by Jane
was really interesting
• Fleming’s discovery of penicillin, --------------, had
a major influence on the lives of people in
the 20th century.
A. which was awarded the Nobel Prize
B. which awarded the Nobel Prize
C. that he was awarded the Nobel Prize
D. for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize

6. 4. THAT
We use “that”:
 to replace the positions of “Who”, “Whom”, “which” in the
defining clauses.
E.g. She talked about the people and places that she had
visited
 For superlative sentences
E.g. He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.
 To go after only, the first, the last
E.g. It was the first time that I heard of it.
 to go after some pronouns: no one, nobody, nothing,
anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something,
somebody, all, some, any, little, none
E.g. These books are all that my sister left me.

7. 5. WHOSE:
• …..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V ….
E.g. This is the painter.
I admire his picture so much.
 This is the painter whose picture I admire so
much.

8. 6.WHY:
…..N (reason) + WHY + S + V …
E.g.: I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to
school for that reason.
→ I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go
to school

9. 7. WHERE
….N (place) + WHERE + S + V ….
(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ex: a/ The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed at
that hotel.
→ The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
→ The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t very
clean.

10. 8. WHEN:
….N (time) + WHEN + S + V …
(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
E.g. : Do you still remember the day? We first met on that
day.
→ Do you still remember the day when we first met?
→ Do you still remember the day on which we first met?
I don’t know the time. She will come back then.
→ I don’t know the time when she will come back.

11. Relative clauses
Defining relative clause Non-defining relative clause
E.g. The city which I visited
last summer is very beautiful.
E.g. Dalat, which I visited last
summer, is very beautiful.

12. Practice:

13. • Vietnam, _________is in the south-east Asia,
exports rice coffee and rubber.
A. who B. that C. which D. where

14. • They are the children __________won the
match yesterday.
A. whose B. whom C. who D. they

15. • They live in the house _______ they bought
last year.
A. whom B. which C. where D. whose

16. • The girl ______ you met yesterday is a famous
pop singer.
A. whom B. whose C. what D. which

17. • It’s going to rain in Canberra, ____________ is
the capital city of Australia.
A. which B. where C. that D. when

18. • That’s the house _________Shakespeare was
born.
A. which B. that C. in that D. where

19. • The scientist _________discovered a new
planet has won the Nobel Prize.
• A. which B. what C. who D. whom

20. • The book _______ is on the table belongs to
my teacher.
A. who B. it C. which D. where

21. • I have a friend _____ran in the New York
Marathon last year.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose

22. • The Southam Chess Club, __________has
more than 50 members, meets weekly on
Friday evening.
A. that B. which C. who D. where

23. • Dr Rowan, ______secretary resigned two
weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
A. who B. that C. whose D. Ø

24. • The shoes ______ I bought were made in Italy.
• A. whereB. which C. who D. it

25. • I wrote a letter to the girl________ I met at
the meeting.
A. whom B. whose C. which D. her

26. • The speech ______we listened last night was
informative.
A. which B. that C. to which D. to that

27. • Dr. John is the professor ____________I told
you.
A. about who B. about that C. about whose
D. about whom

28. • The student _________parents you just met is
in one of my classes.
• A. whose B. who’s C. whom D. of
whom

29. • The pianist ____at the concert last night is
internationally famous.
A. playing B. played C. who played D.
whom played

30. • That is the place ____the accident occurred.
A. which B. in that C. where D. in where

31. • I've lost the paper_________ I had written her
phone number on.
A. who B. whom C. which D. it

32. • That is the place _______ Max works.
A. which B. whose C. where D. whom

33. 3
We don’t know the reason -------------- Peter is
absent today.
A. who B. which C. that D. why

34. 2
• I remember the day _______ I met her like it
was just yesterday.
A. which B. who C. when D. where

35. 1
• Frank Smith, ____ son works for us, can
provide an estimate.
A. who B. which C. whose D. that