A relational database is a type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are related to one another. Relational databases are based on the relational model, an intuitive, straightforward way of representing data in tables.A relational database is a type of database that stores and provides access to data points that are related to one another. Relational databases are based on the relational model, an intuitive, straightforward way of representing data in tables.

1. Data Base Models

2. Agenda
vNeed for data modelling
vData models for IoT solution
vTypes of Data models

4. Need for data
models in IoT
environment
Dr.Sujatha-
ECE3502-
10-01-22
• When migrating data across platforms - it is
critically important to follow data models to
support the effort - with the relevant metadata.
• defines the data elements and the relationships
between the data element
• used to show how data is stored, connected,
accessed and updated in the database
management system
• Data models - will reduce time, costs, and effort
needed to perform the migration successfully.

5. Data Modelling purpose
•Structuring data base
•Nature of data
•Organize database
•Communication between the business people and the
technical people to handle the process
•Data modelling - information that is machine-
readable rather than human-readable.
•Data Model - abstract model that allows the
further building of conceptual models and to set
relationships between data items.

6. Data Modelling flow
6
v Collection – Structured, unstructured and semi-structured data from multiple things
v Ingestion – loading vast amounts of data onto a single data store
v Discovery & Cleansing – understanding format and content; clean up and formatting
v Integration – linking, indexing and data fusion
v Analysis – Intelligence, statistics, predictive and text analytics, machine learning
v Delivery – querying, visualization, real time delivery on enterprise-class availability
Collection Ingestion
Discovery
&
Cleansing
Integration Analysis Delivery
6
Need for Standardized Approaches At Each Step
12

7. Data Model
•Abstract model that organizes elements of data and
standardizes how they relate to one another and to the
properties of real-world entities.
•Data model - specify that the data element representing a
car - color and size of the car and define its owner.
•Relationships found in a particular application domain: for
example the customers, products, and orders found in a
manufacturing organization.

8. Data Models - are used to show
how data is stored, connected,
accessed and updated in the
database management system.
set of symbols and text - to
represent the information
so that members of the
organisation can
communicate and
understand it.

9. ANSI-SPARC Architecture - Three-level Data
Model architecture for DBMS
(American National Standards Institute, Standards Planning And Requirements Committee)
• Logical data model: describes the semantics
- consists of descriptions of tables and
columns, object oriented classes, and XML
tags, among things.
• <Name> vituniversity
• <address>vellore
• Physical data model: describes the physical
means by which data are stored.
• concerned with partitions, CPUs, storage
type etc

11. Relationship between data bases –
University DB Usecase
Dr.Sujatha- ECE3502- 10-01-22

12. Types of Data Models
1.Hierarchical Model
2.Network Model
3.Entity-Relationship Model
4.Object-Oriented Data Model

13. Hierarchical Model ( IBM’s information
management system –IMS)
• First DBMS model.
• organises the data in the hierarchical
tree structure.
• hierarchy starts from the root which
has root data and then it expands in
the form of a tree adding child node
Dr.Sujatha- ECE3502- 10-01-22

14. Features of a Hierarchical Model
• One-to-many relationship: data here is organised in a tree-like
structure where the one-to-many relationship is between the
datatypes. there can be only one path from parent to any node.
• Parent-Child Relationship: Each child node has a parent node but a
parent node can have more than one child node.
• Deletion Problem: If a parent node is deleted then the child node is
automatically deleted.
• Pointers: Pointers are used to link the parent node with the child
node and are used to navigate between the stored data.
Dr.Sujatha- ECE3502- 10-01-22

15. Hierarchical data represented as relational
tables
PARENT TABLE
Child node
table

16. Network Model (CODASYL (Conference on Data
Systems Languages) DBs.
• extension of the hierarchical
model.
• record can have more than one
parent.
• replaces the hierarchical tree
with a graph.
Dr.Sujatha- ECE3502- 10-01-22

17. Features of a Network Model
• Ability to Merge more Relationships: as there are more
relationships so data is more related.
• one-to-one relationships as well as many-to-many relationships.
• Many paths: As there are more relationships so there can be
more than one path to the same record.
• data access fast and simple as compared to the hierarchical
model.
• data integrity is present - Any change in parent record is
reflected in the child record.
Dr.Sujatha- ECE3502- 10-01-22

18. Summary
•Definition for a data model
•Purpose of data modelling for IoT
•Data modelling architecture
•Data model types- Hierarchical and
Network