The document examines the relationship between a metal's position in the reactivity series and when it was discovered by humans. It finds that generally, less reactive metals like gold and copper were discovered earlier, while more reactive metals tended to be discovered later as extraction methods advanced. Some exceptions include platinum, mercury, and iron. The document provides timelines of metal discoveries and discusses properties that made early metals identifiable and useful to ancient civilizations.
Labor migration in Bangladesh is an important livelihood strategy and source of remittances. There are several types of migration, including internal, international, and seasonal labor migration. International labor migration provides economic benefits like remittances, which contribute to poverty reduction, but faces challenges like low wages, long working hours, and safety issues abroad. The document recommends improving access to training opportunities and legal migration channels to maximize the benefits of labor migration.
Learning targets: This presentation will help you understand:
(1) The scope of human population growth
(2) The effect of population, affluence and technology on the environment
(3) Fundamentals of demography
(4) The demographic transition model
(5) Factors that affect population growth
(6) Three Technological Eras
(7) Basic Concepts of Population Growth
(8) Factors Affecting Human Population Size
(9) Factors Affecting Birth Rates and Total Fertility Rates
(10) Population Movements
(11) Population Trend Comparisons
(12) Human Population Issues
The document summarizes population trends in Bangladesh over time. It notes that Bangladesh currently has a population of 165.2 million, which is the 8th largest in the world. The population density is 1265/km2 and 35.7% live in urban areas. Fertility and mortality rates have declined over time while life expectancy has increased to 72.7 years. The population is forecast to continue growing in the coming decades according to UN projections.
This document contains 7 problems related to general chemistry. It provides chemical equations to balance, asks students to calculate formula weights and percent compositions of substances, defines key concepts like moles and molar mass, and has multi-step calculations involving moles, molar mass, and grams. The problems cover topics like stoichiometry, formula weights, percent composition, gas laws, and molar conversions.
Policy and implementation of mangrove strategic management planCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Muhammad Firman of the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 23–25 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Power point presentation in Fish diversity in Kankai river Jhapa district, Nepalumesh acharya
Fish are members of paraphyletic group of an organism that consist of all gills bearing aquatic carniates which lacks limbs with digits. Fish are considered as an important natural food resource, worldwide specially that of animal protein. Fishes are considered auspicious and symbolize as sign of fertility, power and prosperity in Nepal. There are about 185 fish species in Nepal belonging to 79 genera, 31 families and 11 orders (Shrestha. J.2001). 232 species of Fishes are found in Nepal (Shrestha T.K 2008). Among them 217 species are Indigenous and 15 species are exotic. The rivers of Nepal are really rich in fish fauna which need to be explored scientifically (shrestha. J.N.2001).
My study will deals with fish species present in kankai river of Jhapa district, which is largest and holiest river of jhapa district originated from george of mountains, flowing southward to low land of east terain. My research objective is to study the diversity of fish species in kankai River. To study the fish resources in kankai River, the condition of water will analyze with the help of water analysis kit. The fish will be collected with the help of local fishermen. The collected fish will be analyze in Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus Lab.
The document discusses the relationship between the reactivity of metals and when they were discovered. It finds that generally, less reactive metals like gold and copper were discovered earliest as they exist naturally. More reactive metals exist in compound forms and required advanced technology like electrolysis and smelting to be extracted. So there is a direct relationship between a metal's reactivity and the timeline of its discovery, with less reactive metals found earlier.
The document discusses the properties and reactivity of metals. It describes experiments to determine the reactivity series of metals by observing their reactions with water, steam, and dilute acids. Metals react differently in each test based on their positions in the reactivity series, from most reactive to least reactive. The reactivity series allows prediction of other reactions like reduction of metal oxides and decomposition of metal carbonates.
Labor migration in Bangladesh is an important livelihood strategy and source of remittances. There are several types of migration, including internal, international, and seasonal labor migration. International labor migration provides economic benefits like remittances, which contribute to poverty reduction, but faces challenges like low wages, long working hours, and safety issues abroad. The document recommends improving access to training opportunities and legal migration channels to maximize the benefits of labor migration.
Learning targets: This presentation will help you understand:
(1) The scope of human population growth
(2) The effect of population, affluence and technology on the environment
(3) Fundamentals of demography
(4) The demographic transition model
(5) Factors that affect population growth
(6) Three Technological Eras
(7) Basic Concepts of Population Growth
(8) Factors Affecting Human Population Size
(9) Factors Affecting Birth Rates and Total Fertility Rates
(10) Population Movements
(11) Population Trend Comparisons
(12) Human Population Issues
The document summarizes population trends in Bangladesh over time. It notes that Bangladesh currently has a population of 165.2 million, which is the 8th largest in the world. The population density is 1265/km2 and 35.7% live in urban areas. Fertility and mortality rates have declined over time while life expectancy has increased to 72.7 years. The population is forecast to continue growing in the coming decades according to UN projections.
This document contains 7 problems related to general chemistry. It provides chemical equations to balance, asks students to calculate formula weights and percent compositions of substances, defines key concepts like moles and molar mass, and has multi-step calculations involving moles, molar mass, and grams. The problems cover topics like stoichiometry, formula weights, percent composition, gas laws, and molar conversions.
Policy and implementation of mangrove strategic management planCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Muhammad Firman of the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry at the 3rd Asia-Pacific Rainforest Summit, on 23–25 April 2018 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Power point presentation in Fish diversity in Kankai river Jhapa district, Nepalumesh acharya
Fish are members of paraphyletic group of an organism that consist of all gills bearing aquatic carniates which lacks limbs with digits. Fish are considered as an important natural food resource, worldwide specially that of animal protein. Fishes are considered auspicious and symbolize as sign of fertility, power and prosperity in Nepal. There are about 185 fish species in Nepal belonging to 79 genera, 31 families and 11 orders (Shrestha. J.2001). 232 species of Fishes are found in Nepal (Shrestha T.K 2008). Among them 217 species are Indigenous and 15 species are exotic. The rivers of Nepal are really rich in fish fauna which need to be explored scientifically (shrestha. J.N.2001).
My study will deals with fish species present in kankai river of Jhapa district, which is largest and holiest river of jhapa district originated from george of mountains, flowing southward to low land of east terain. My research objective is to study the diversity of fish species in kankai River. To study the fish resources in kankai River, the condition of water will analyze with the help of water analysis kit. The fish will be collected with the help of local fishermen. The collected fish will be analyze in Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus Lab.
The document discusses the relationship between the reactivity of metals and when they were discovered. It finds that generally, less reactive metals like gold and copper were discovered earliest as they exist naturally. More reactive metals exist in compound forms and required advanced technology like electrolysis and smelting to be extracted. So there is a direct relationship between a metal's reactivity and the timeline of its discovery, with less reactive metals found earlier.
The document discusses the properties and reactivity of metals. It describes experiments to determine the reactivity series of metals by observing their reactions with water, steam, and dilute acids. Metals react differently in each test based on their positions in the reactivity series, from most reactive to least reactive. The reactivity series allows prediction of other reactions like reduction of metal oxides and decomposition of metal carbonates.
The document discusses the relationship between a metal's reactivity and when it was discovered. It analyzes metals discovered at different points in history and finds that generally, less reactive metals like gold were discovered earlier since they occur freely in nature, while more reactive metals discovered later once technology advanced to extract them from ores. There is not always a direct correlation, as in the case of copper being discovered before silver, but the pattern typically holds except over very short periods. The conclusion is that less reactive metals were discovered earlier due to being more easily accessible.
This chapter discusses the physical and chemical properties of metals. Metals are usually hard, shiny, malleable and ductile. They are good conductors of heat and electricity. Chemically, metals form positive ions and react with acids, oxygen, water and steam to form salts and release hydrogen gas. The reactivity of metals can be predicted based on their reactivity series, with more reactive metals displacing less reactive ones from their compounds. Alloys are stronger than pure metals due to disrupted atomic layers.
The Step by Step Process of Extracting Iron from its Ore using the Blast Furnace with details of Chemical Reactions. Question Answers based on the process of extraction of metals.
Gisenia is ruled by King Edward Stinson III and a Council of Aristocrats consisting of two Prime Ministers and seven council members. The official languages are French and English. Laws prohibit forming private organizations without approval, driving without a license after age 18, and not serving 3 years in the military between ages 18-25 for males. Other laws ban bomb making outside the military, homicide, rape, stealing, drug dealing, underage alcohol consumption, and not paying taxes. The national mission aims to create security, prosperity, and fast development for Gisenians and international residents. The national anthem pledges to fight and protect the homeland in brotherly love.
This document provides an outline for a paper on lead exposure and health risks. It begins with an introduction to lead's physical and chemical properties. It then discusses where lead is commonly found in the environment, such as in soil, water, paint, gasoline, and certain consumer products. The document outlines the various ways people can be exposed to lead and the health effects of lead poisoning, which can impact the brain, kidneys, and blood. It provides details on signs and symptoms of lead exposure and concludes by discussing the medical effects of lead on children and adults.
1) The document discusses whether there is a connection between the reactivity of a metal and when it was discovered.
2) It notes that the less reactive metals like gold and copper were among the first metals discovered, around 6000 BC and 4200 BC respectively, while more reactive metals were typically discovered later as technology advanced.
3) The conclusion is that more reactive metals were generally discovered later than less reactive metals because they required more advanced techniques to isolate from their ores, given their higher reactivity.
LG (Life's Good) was established in 1958 through the merger of two Korean companies, Lucky and Gold Star. It is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea and is a large multinational consumer electronics company that produces TVs, computers, home appliances, and other electronic devices. LG started as a small company in Korea but has expanded globally through strategic use of technology and advertising to promote its brands.
This document discusses concepts and theory in research. It provides definitions of key terms and outlines steps for conceptualizing a research concept. Specifically, it notes that clarifying concepts is important for theorizing. It then discusses defining concepts, reviewing prior operational definitions, developing an operational definition, gathering data, and using concepts for theory building and testing. The document provides guidance on explicating a concept by defining it, discussing its dimensions and key indicators, and relating it to theory.
Genes located on the same chromosome (linked genes) do not assort independently during meiosis. Linked genes are inherited together and do not follow Mendel's law of independent assortment. Recombination during meiosis can result in new combinations of linked alleles. Chi-squared tests are used to determine if differences between observed and expected phenotypic ratios are statistically significant. Polygenic traits like human height show continuous variation due to environmental influences and effects of multiple genes.
- Iron is extracted from its ore, haematite, in a blast furnace using coke, limestone, and hot air. The limestone removes impurities and produces slag.
- Iron rusts in the presence of oxygen and water to form iron(III) oxide. Rusting can be prevented by barriers like paint, grease, or sacrificial protection using more reactive metals like zinc.
- Recycling metals saves limited metal resources and reduces costs and pollution compared to extracting virgin metals. However, recycling has costs and challenges like obtaining scrap metals.
The document discusses the reactivity of metals, displacement reactions, and reactions of metals with acids and water. It explains that more reactive metals, like potassium, lose electrons more easily and form positive ions. Less reactive metals, like copper, have more valence electrons and are harder to oxidize. A displacement reaction occurs when one reactant replaces part of another. Single displacement reactions involve one reactant replacing part of the other, while double displacement reactions involve parts of two reactants being exchanged. The reactivity series can predict how vigorously a metal will react with acids based on its position on the series.
The document provides information about grade 10 IGCSE chemistry content related to properties and reactions of metals. It discusses distinguishing metals from non-metals, reactivity series, extraction of metals like iron from ores, and uses of metals such as aluminum and zinc. It also describes physical and chemical properties of metals, structure and properties of alloys, and reactions of metals with water, steam, and acids to determine reactivity order.
The document discusses the extraction and processing of various metals. It describes how most metals are found in ores and require concentration and extraction of the pure metal. The extraction method depends on the metal's reactivity. Less reactive metals can be directly extracted from ores, while more reactive metals require electrolysis or reduction using carbon or other reagents. Common extraction techniques are also outlined for a number of metals including iron, aluminum, and zinc.
The document discusses the relationship between when metals were discovered and their reactivity. Metals discovered earlier, before the 18th century, tended to be less reactive than those found more recently. As techniques for separating metals improved over time, such as electrolysis which was needed for highly reactive metals like magnesium, more complex and reactive metals could be isolated which led to more discoveries in the 19th century. Examples are given of specific metals like arsenic, bismuth, zinc, cobalt, and nickel to show how their discovery and production methods related to their reactivity and technological advances.
Timeline of Historical Development of Atoms and Chemical ElementsJD Panizal
These is a Powerpoint presentation that shows the heavy and light elements that formed on the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and supernova explosion.
~this is our science Project submitted to: Mrs. Grace B. Veridiano
Submitted By:
JD Panizal
Elva De Asis
and Roxanne Belgica
1) There are three main types of meteorites: iron, stone, and stony-iron. Iron meteorites contain over 90% iron and nickel and have a distinctive crystalline pattern.
2) Stone meteorites, which make up the largest group, contain less iron and some contain ancient chondrules. They can resemble terrestrial rocks.
3) Stony-iron meteorites contain roughly equal amounts of iron and stone and include pallasites with olivine crystals and mesosiderites with a silver and black appearance.
This document discusses the alkali and alkaline earth metals. It describes their location on the periodic table and their similar reactive properties. The alkali metals include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. They are soft, reactive metals that are good conductors. The alkaline earth metals include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. They have an oxidation state of +2 and are also very reactive. Both groups of metals are described in more detail with their discoveries, properties, and common uses. Melting and boiling points are also provided for each element.
The document discusses the relationship between a metal's reactivity and when it was discovered. It analyzes metals discovered at different points in history and finds that generally, less reactive metals like gold were discovered earlier since they occur freely in nature, while more reactive metals discovered later once technology advanced to extract them from ores. There is not always a direct correlation, as in the case of copper being discovered before silver, but the pattern typically holds except over very short periods. The conclusion is that less reactive metals were discovered earlier due to being more easily accessible.
This chapter discusses the physical and chemical properties of metals. Metals are usually hard, shiny, malleable and ductile. They are good conductors of heat and electricity. Chemically, metals form positive ions and react with acids, oxygen, water and steam to form salts and release hydrogen gas. The reactivity of metals can be predicted based on their reactivity series, with more reactive metals displacing less reactive ones from their compounds. Alloys are stronger than pure metals due to disrupted atomic layers.
The Step by Step Process of Extracting Iron from its Ore using the Blast Furnace with details of Chemical Reactions. Question Answers based on the process of extraction of metals.
Gisenia is ruled by King Edward Stinson III and a Council of Aristocrats consisting of two Prime Ministers and seven council members. The official languages are French and English. Laws prohibit forming private organizations without approval, driving without a license after age 18, and not serving 3 years in the military between ages 18-25 for males. Other laws ban bomb making outside the military, homicide, rape, stealing, drug dealing, underage alcohol consumption, and not paying taxes. The national mission aims to create security, prosperity, and fast development for Gisenians and international residents. The national anthem pledges to fight and protect the homeland in brotherly love.
This document provides an outline for a paper on lead exposure and health risks. It begins with an introduction to lead's physical and chemical properties. It then discusses where lead is commonly found in the environment, such as in soil, water, paint, gasoline, and certain consumer products. The document outlines the various ways people can be exposed to lead and the health effects of lead poisoning, which can impact the brain, kidneys, and blood. It provides details on signs and symptoms of lead exposure and concludes by discussing the medical effects of lead on children and adults.
1) The document discusses whether there is a connection between the reactivity of a metal and when it was discovered.
2) It notes that the less reactive metals like gold and copper were among the first metals discovered, around 6000 BC and 4200 BC respectively, while more reactive metals were typically discovered later as technology advanced.
3) The conclusion is that more reactive metals were generally discovered later than less reactive metals because they required more advanced techniques to isolate from their ores, given their higher reactivity.
LG (Life's Good) was established in 1958 through the merger of two Korean companies, Lucky and Gold Star. It is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea and is a large multinational consumer electronics company that produces TVs, computers, home appliances, and other electronic devices. LG started as a small company in Korea but has expanded globally through strategic use of technology and advertising to promote its brands.
This document discusses concepts and theory in research. It provides definitions of key terms and outlines steps for conceptualizing a research concept. Specifically, it notes that clarifying concepts is important for theorizing. It then discusses defining concepts, reviewing prior operational definitions, developing an operational definition, gathering data, and using concepts for theory building and testing. The document provides guidance on explicating a concept by defining it, discussing its dimensions and key indicators, and relating it to theory.
Genes located on the same chromosome (linked genes) do not assort independently during meiosis. Linked genes are inherited together and do not follow Mendel's law of independent assortment. Recombination during meiosis can result in new combinations of linked alleles. Chi-squared tests are used to determine if differences between observed and expected phenotypic ratios are statistically significant. Polygenic traits like human height show continuous variation due to environmental influences and effects of multiple genes.
- Iron is extracted from its ore, haematite, in a blast furnace using coke, limestone, and hot air. The limestone removes impurities and produces slag.
- Iron rusts in the presence of oxygen and water to form iron(III) oxide. Rusting can be prevented by barriers like paint, grease, or sacrificial protection using more reactive metals like zinc.
- Recycling metals saves limited metal resources and reduces costs and pollution compared to extracting virgin metals. However, recycling has costs and challenges like obtaining scrap metals.
The document discusses the reactivity of metals, displacement reactions, and reactions of metals with acids and water. It explains that more reactive metals, like potassium, lose electrons more easily and form positive ions. Less reactive metals, like copper, have more valence electrons and are harder to oxidize. A displacement reaction occurs when one reactant replaces part of another. Single displacement reactions involve one reactant replacing part of the other, while double displacement reactions involve parts of two reactants being exchanged. The reactivity series can predict how vigorously a metal will react with acids based on its position on the series.
The document provides information about grade 10 IGCSE chemistry content related to properties and reactions of metals. It discusses distinguishing metals from non-metals, reactivity series, extraction of metals like iron from ores, and uses of metals such as aluminum and zinc. It also describes physical and chemical properties of metals, structure and properties of alloys, and reactions of metals with water, steam, and acids to determine reactivity order.
The document discusses the extraction and processing of various metals. It describes how most metals are found in ores and require concentration and extraction of the pure metal. The extraction method depends on the metal's reactivity. Less reactive metals can be directly extracted from ores, while more reactive metals require electrolysis or reduction using carbon or other reagents. Common extraction techniques are also outlined for a number of metals including iron, aluminum, and zinc.
The document discusses the relationship between when metals were discovered and their reactivity. Metals discovered earlier, before the 18th century, tended to be less reactive than those found more recently. As techniques for separating metals improved over time, such as electrolysis which was needed for highly reactive metals like magnesium, more complex and reactive metals could be isolated which led to more discoveries in the 19th century. Examples are given of specific metals like arsenic, bismuth, zinc, cobalt, and nickel to show how their discovery and production methods related to their reactivity and technological advances.
Timeline of Historical Development of Atoms and Chemical ElementsJD Panizal
These is a Powerpoint presentation that shows the heavy and light elements that formed on the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and supernova explosion.
~this is our science Project submitted to: Mrs. Grace B. Veridiano
Submitted By:
JD Panizal
Elva De Asis
and Roxanne Belgica
1) There are three main types of meteorites: iron, stone, and stony-iron. Iron meteorites contain over 90% iron and nickel and have a distinctive crystalline pattern.
2) Stone meteorites, which make up the largest group, contain less iron and some contain ancient chondrules. They can resemble terrestrial rocks.
3) Stony-iron meteorites contain roughly equal amounts of iron and stone and include pallasites with olivine crystals and mesosiderites with a silver and black appearance.
This document discusses the alkali and alkaline earth metals. It describes their location on the periodic table and their similar reactive properties. The alkali metals include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. They are soft, reactive metals that are good conductors. The alkaline earth metals include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. They have an oxidation state of +2 and are also very reactive. Both groups of metals are described in more detail with their discoveries, properties, and common uses. Melting and boiling points are also provided for each element.
This document discusses the alkali and alkaline earth metals. It provides information on their properties and classification in the periodic table. The alkali metals are soft, reactive, and have one outer electron. They include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. The alkaline earth metals have a +2 oxidation state and include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. Each metal is then described individually, noting their discovery, physical properties, and common uses. Melting and boiling points are also listed for comparison.
After attending this module, the user would be able to know and explain the chemical classification of minerals and the types of minerals belonging to various classes and groups. The mineral kingdom is a very vast area in the subject of earth sciences. Mineralogy is a perfect physical science. About two thousand dominant minerals are popular and existing over the world, which are known for their unique properties. The study of the chemical classification of minerals is an essential topic in the subject of mineralogy.
The document provides an outline for a series of lectures on metals, minerals, mining and environmental problems. It discusses various topics including ore mineralogy, mining methods, ore processing, waste management, and environmental and social concerns. Specific problems examined include surface subsidence from underground mining, rockbursts, tailings dam failures, cyanidation wastes, radioactive wastes, and acid mine drainage. The document also provides background information on elements, minerals, rock types, and ore deposit geology.
1. The document provides details of a quiz competition including questions about famous scientists, elements, minerals, and alloys.
2. It includes questions about the Nobel Prize winning scientists Ernest Rutherford, Albert Einstein, Max Planck, and others in a word puzzle.
3. The competition consists of written rounds testing knowledge of stamps depicting metallurgists, photos of bridges and coins, and identifying elements from pictures.
Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) was a pioneering physicist known as the "father of nuclear physics". Some of his most significant contributions include:
1) Discovering and naming alpha and beta radiation emitted by uranium, and deducing that alpha particles are helium ions.
2) Proposing the first nuclear model of the atom with a small, dense nucleus based on results from the gold foil experiment.
3) Achieving the first artificial nuclear reaction by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles.
4) Predicting the existence of protons and neutrons as components of atomic nuclei.
- Early humans discovered native metals like gold and copper and used them for ornamental purposes before learning to work them into tools.
- The Copper Age began around 4500 BC with the working of native copper into cold-worked tools and artifacts. Smelting of copper ores, beginning with malachite, allowed larger-scale production.
- The Bronze Age began around 3200 BC with the production of arsenic-bronze and tin-bronze alloys which were harder than copper and better for tools. Ironworking began around 1500 BC but did not become widespread until 1200 BC.
Heavy metals and properties by ontorio univ.pptPradeepSuthar7
- Early humans discovered that native metals like gold and copper could be worked into tools and ornamental objects without smelting. This began the Copper Age.
- The development of smelting, which involved heating metal ores to extract the pure metal, allowed for expanded use of copper and later metals. Smelting likely began accidentally in pottery kilns.
- Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, was harder than copper and better for tools, launching the Bronze Age. Iron was harder to smelt but became widespread after methods for purifying and strengthening iron through carburization and tempering were developed.
The document discusses the periodic table and its organization into groups and periods. It provides details on the properties and trends of each of the 18 groups, including metals, nonmetals, metalloids and noble gases. It also covers the lanthanide and actinide series located below the main body of the periodic table.
The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic structure and properties. It has evolved over time as new elements were discovered and scientists like Dobereiner, Newlands, Mendeleev, and Moseley developed patterns in properties and arranged elements in increasing order of atomic number. The modern periodic table is divided into blocks including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, and nonmetals. Each block contains groups of elements with similar properties due to their valence electrons. The periodic table is a fundamental tool for chemists.
The document provides examples of descriptions of inventions and discoveries. It describes Whitcomb Judson's invention of the zipper in 1893. It also summarizes the discovery of radioactivity by Antoine Henri Becquerel in 1896, when he discovered that uranium salts emitted invisible and penetrating rays capable of exposing photographic plates even in the dark. Additionally, it discusses the discovery of DNA in the early 1950s by Francis Crick and James Watson at Cambridge University and Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin at King's College in London.
Ernest Rutherford was a pioneering scientist born in New Zealand in 1871. Through his experiments, he discovered that atoms have a tiny, dense nucleus and discovered different types of radiation. He established the Rutherford model of the atom with electrons orbiting a central nucleus. Rutherford also discovered the concept of nuclear half-lives and was the first to achieve nuclear transmutation. His discoveries fundamentally changed scientists' understanding of atomic structure and laid the foundations of nuclear physics.
The document introduces several people and their corresponding chemical elements. Naira's element is tellurium, a brittle, mildly toxic, rare metalloid. Ashy's element is copper, a soft, malleable, ductile metal with high conductivity. Rita's element is calcium, which is abundant in organisms and materials like bone.
Dierk Raabe M R S Fall X Lecture The X Files Of Materials ScienceDierk Raabe
The document discusses the history and mythology surrounding various metals used in materials science. It describes how ancient Greeks held drinking parties called symposiums where guests would discuss topics like love and poetry. It then provides brief histories of metals like gold, copper, steel, aluminum, titanium, and nickel, tracing their uses from ancient civilizations to modern applications. Key figures and myths involving metals are also summarized.
Similar to Relation between reactivity of a metal and the date it was discovered (20)
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple in 1976 in Cupertino, California after raising $1,300 by selling Jobs' van and some calculators. They started the company to build computers they could sell, originally calling it Apple Computer Inc. Apple grew to produce a variety of products and changed its name to Apple Inc. in 2007.
Pedro Álvares Cabral was a 15th century Portuguese nobleman who led an expedition to India in 1500 but ended up discovering Brazil; Cabral was well-educated and known for his courteous, prudent, generous, and tolerant nature; while intending to trade spices in India, Cabral's fleet landed in Brazil and he claimed the new territory for Portugal, dispatching a ship to inform the king.
Chinese lanterns originated in ancient China and are now used worldwide for decoration and festivals. There are several styles of lanterns from different regions in China, including sky lanterns, riddle lanterns, Beijing style, Suzhou style, and Wenzhou style lanterns. Lanterns are significant in Chinese culture and are symbols used in myths, legends, weddings, and funerals. However, sky lanterns can negatively impact the environment if they are not disposed of properly.
Football originated in China over 3000 years ago but developed into its modern form in 1863 in England. The Football Association established the first organized set of rules for football to eliminate inconsistencies between clubs. Football became popular worldwide due to its low cost and accessibility, fast-paced action-packed nature, and ability for anyone to play as a team sport. Different regions developed distinct styles of play based on player characteristics and tactics, such as the physical British style, skillful Italian style, possession-focused Latin style, and organized Northern style.
Areas of Interaction (AOIs) are topics applied in IB Middle Years Programme classes that relate to recognizing and interacting with the world. The AOIs help students learn about their environment and community. They include approaches to learning skills, community and service, human ingenuity, the environment, and health and social education.
The document is a student's answers to questions about diseases and the immune system. It discusses what diseases are, how they spread, features of viruses and bacteria, diseases they cause, how the body protects against pathogens, and differences between natural and artificial immunity. The student answers 20 multiple-choice and short-answer questions about these topics, scoring 9 out of 10 overall with one mistake.
Microbes are tiny organisms that are too small to see with the naked eye. They exist virtually everywhere on Earth, from deep underground to high in the atmosphere, and play important roles in ecosystems, human health and industry. Microbes help decompose organic matter, fix nitrogen in soil, and produce many foods and beverages. However, some microbes can also cause diseases in plants and animals.
The document appears to be a collection of collages and pictures made by students in Grade 7D, with captions describing each student's picture such as "I ♥ Art!", "Sims!", and logos or themes relating to nature, animals, vehicles, and entertainment. Most include the student's name but a few are unlabeled pictures. There are over 15 total student contributions displayed.
4. Majority of the known elements are metals. Today mankind knows of 86 metals out of a total of 112 elements. The first two metals to be discovered were gold and copper.
5. We have learnt that different important metals can be arranged in the order of their decreasing reactivity as: KNaCaMgAlZnFePbCuAgHgAu Most Reactive Metals Least Reactive Metals
6. And here is the timeline representing the discovery of different metals included in this reactivity series…
7.
8. However, a more comprehensive list can be recognized as:- Most Reactive Metals Least Reactive Metals
9. And here is the information about the dates of discovery for each of these metals
10. The First Metal to be Discovered - Gold Gold has been used since 6000 BC Gold is virtually placed at the bottom of the Reactivity series.
11. Gold came into use the first because of some special properties…
12. Gold – Facts: Shining Yellow Color: The symbol for gold is Au, which represents abbreviated form of the Latin word – ‘Aurum’, meaning ‘shining dawn’. In case of the earliest metals, their color was a very important property as this is what allowed the metals to be recognized in the surrounding rock, stones, gravel and dirt (and evoked interest) as well as enabled their separation from them in the earliest days. Gold is found uncombined in nature >> this fact also helped its discovery and subsequent use. Gold is virtually noncorrosive and tarnish free (as it does not get oxidized) >> this made it attractive to man.
13. All these facts and properties of Gold are related to (and can be explained based on) the lack of reactivity of Gold.
14. The Next Metal to be Used by Man: Copper Copper was discovered in 4200 BC The first metallic tools, implements and weapons were made from copper. Copper also is found free besides also being found in the form of minerals like cuprite, malachite, azurite, chalcopyrite and bornite.
15. In the Reactivity-Series (in the order of reactivity) Copper again comes in the bottom block (amongst the elements with low reactivity)
16. Until the end of the 17th century (and for a large span of some 7700 years), only 12 metals were known. Gold Silver Copper Lead Mercury Iron Tin Platinum Antimony Bismuth Zinc Arsenic
17. Seven out of these twelve metals were the metals upon which the ancient civilizations were based. They were: Gold (discovered in 6000BC) Copper (discovered in 4200BC) Silver (discovered in 4000BC Lead (discovered in 3500BC) Tin (discovered in 1750BC) Iron (discovered in 1500BC) Mercury (discovered in 750BC) So, these metals are known as Metals of Antiquity.
18. All of them find a place in the lower part of the reactivity series (with the exception of Iron that is towards the middle of the series).
19. The other four of these twelve metals - arsenic, antimony, zinc and bismuth, were discovered in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Arsenic, antimony and bismuth are not shown in the reactivity series but Zinc is included in the reactivity series and occupies a place just a little higher than Iron (appropriately). Platinum which was discovered in the 16th century – so far forms the only big exception from the trend (the lower the reactivity of the metal, the earlier was it discovered).
20. The next 12 metals were discovered in the 18th Century Uranium (1789) Zirconium (1789) Titanium (1791) Yttrium (1794) Beryllium (1797) Chromium (1797) Cobalt (1735) Nickel (1751) Manganese (1774) Molybdenum (1781) Tellurium (1782) Tungsten (1783) These metals again appear at appropriate place in the reactivity series, with respect to the trend – the lower the reactivity of the metal, the earlier it was discovered.
22. These 41 metals include metals like Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium and Aluminum which show on the top of the reactivity series. Some of the elements discovered in the later part of this century are members of Lanthanide and Actinide series – both of which are known to be very reactive (and electropositive).
23. Metals Discovered in the 20th Century Europium (1901), Lutetium (1907), Protactinium (1917), Hafnium (1923), Rhenium (1924), Technetium (1937), Francium (1939), Promethium (1945), Transuranium elements - Neptunium, Plutonium, Curium, Americum, Berkelium, Californium, Einsteinium, Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, Lawrencium (1940-61) More members of Lanthanide and Actinide series get discovered – both of which are known to be very reactive (and electropositive).
24. Relationship of the discovery time with the position in the reactivity series
25. So the observations suggest a strong trend – that the lesser the reactivity of a metal, the earlier was its discovery and conversely the more the reactivity of a metal, the later was its discovery.
26. Conclusion From the scientific logic, a metal that was reactive was expected to be occurring in a combined state (in form of its compounds with other elements), posing a challenge for its extraction from the ores and needing extra effort both in form of man’s ability and his knowledge. And as the reactivity of the metal increased, the level of this challenge also increased. Naturally with man’s ability having evolved over the years, he was able to discover the more and more difficult (from extraction point of view) metals (that were actually more and more reactive metals) as well as find their virtues and applications.
27. Conclusion The trend does not have to be followed strictly by each and every metal in relation to each and every metal adjacent to it, since there may have been certain other determining factors also (including the chance factor), besides the effect of this strong scientific factor. But generally if we consider the metals arranged in the reactivity-series in form of chunks, then this trend was more or less observed everywhere with the exception of Platinum (which got discovered too late), Mercury (which got discovered a bit late) and Iron (which got discovered a bit too early for the trend).
28. BIBLIOGRAPHY Petrucci, Ralph H.. General chemistry: principles and modern applications. 10th ed. Toronto: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010. Print. Nile, 3600 BC the first copper smelted artifacts were found in the. "History of Metals ."Department of Materials Science & Engineering . N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. <http://neon.mems.cmu.edu/cramb/Processing/history.html>. "Metals Timeline Card Sort KFB – Resources - TES Connect ."TES Connect - Teaching Jobs, Teaching Resources & Community . N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. <http://www.tes.co.uk/ResourceDetail.aspx?storyCode=6024085>. "Metals timeline."www.ic.arizona.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. <http://www.ic.arizona.edu/ic/mse257/class_notes/metals_timeline.html>. “Rare Earth Metals May Trigger Trade Wars : Discovery News."Discovery News: Earth, Space, Tech, Animals, Dinosaurs, History . N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. <http://news.discovery.com/earth/rare-earth-metals-trade-wars.html>. "Chemical Elements.com - Discovery Date." Chemical Elements.com - An Interactive Periodic Table of the Elements. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. <http://www.chemicalelements.com/show/dateofdiscovery.html>.