These is a Powerpoint presentation that shows the heavy and light elements that formed on the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and supernova explosion. ~this is our science Project submitted to: Mrs. Grace B. Veridiano Submitted By: JD Panizal Elva De Asis and Roxanne Belgica

1. 01
Timeline of Historical
Developments of Atoms
and Chemical Elements
By:
John Daryl Panizal
Elva De Asis
Roxanne Belgica

2. 02
What is an Atom?02

3. 03
ATOM
The smallest
particle of a
substance that can
be combined with
other atoms to
form a molecule.

4. 04
WHAT IS A
CHEMICAL
ELEMENT?

5. 04
Is a species of atoms
having the same number
of protons in their atomic
nuclei.

6. Light Elements

9. Hydrogen (1766)
is a chemical Element with chemical
Symbol H and atomic number 1. With an atomic
weight of 1.00794 u, hydrogen is the lightest
element on the periodic table. Its monotonic form
(H) is the most abundant chemical substance in
the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of
all baryonic mass.] Non-remnant star are mainly
composed of hydrogen in the plasma state. The
most common isotope of hydrogen,
termed protium (name rarely used, symbol 1H), has
one proton and no neutrons.
Cavendish was the first to distinguish H
2 from other gases, although Paracelsus around
1500, Robert Boyle, and Joseph Priestley had

11. Helium is a Chemical Element
with symbol He and atomic
number 2. It is a colorless,
odorless, tasteless, non-toxic,
inert, monatomic gas, the first in
the noble gas group in the periodic
table. The He boiling
and melting points are the lowest
among all the elements.
(1868)

14. 1
7
6
6
Lithium- (from Greek: λίθος lithos, "stone") is
a chemical element with the
symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft,
silver-white metal belonging to the alkali
metal group of chemical elements.
Under standard conditions, it is the lightest
metal and the least dense solid element. Like
all alkali metals, lithium is highly reactive and
flammable. For this reason, it is typically
stored in mineral oil. When cut open, it
exhibits a metallic luster, but contact with
moist air corrodes the surface quickly to a
dull silvery gray, then black tarnish. Because
of its high reactivity, lithium never occurs
freely in nature, and instead, appears only
in compounds, which are usually ionic.
Lithium occurs in a number
of pegmatitic minerals, but due to its

15. Beryllium- is a chemical element with
symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is created
through stellar nucleosynthesis and is a
relatively rare element in the universe. It is
adivalent element which occurs naturally only
in combination with other elements in minerals.
Notable gemstone which contain beryllium
include beryl (aquamarine, emerald)
and chrysobereal As a free element it is a steel-
gray, strong, lightweight and brittle alkaline
metal.
(1798)

17. WHAT
IS
COSMIC
RAY SPALLATION?

18. •Is a form of naturally
occurring nuclear fission
(such as Supernova) and
nucleosynthesis.
•It refers to the formation
of elements from the
impact of cosmic rays on
an object.

21. Oxygen (1771)
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic
number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the
periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing
agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as
other compounds. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant
element in the universe, after hydrogen and
helium. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of
the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and
odorless diatomic gas with the formula O
2. This is an important part of the atmosphere and diatomic
oxygen gas constitutes 20.8% of the Earth's
atmosphere. Additionally, as oxides the element also makes up
almost half of theEarth's crust.
-Obtained it by heating mercuric oxide and nitrates in 1771,
but did not publish his findings until 1777. Joseph
Priestley also prepared this new airby 1774, but only Lavoisier

22. Nitrogen
(1772)
Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic
number 7. It is the lightest pnictogen and at room
temperature, it is a transparent, odorless diatomic gas.
Nitrogen is a common element in the universe, estimated at
about seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and
the Solar System. On Earth, the element forms about 78%
ofEarth's atmosphere and is the most abundant uncombined
element. The element nitrogen was discovered as a separable
component of air by Scottish physician Daniel Rutherford in
1772.
He discovered Nitrogen while he was studying at
the University of Edinburgh. He showed that the air in which
animals had breathed, even after removal of the exhaled
carbon dioxide, was no longer able to burn a candle. Carl
Wilhelm Scheele, Henry Cavendish, and Joseph Priestley also

23. Boron is a metalloid chemical element with
symbol B and atomic number 5. Produced entirely
by cosmic ray spallation and supernovae and not
by stellar nucleosynthesis, it is a low-abundance
element in the Solar system and in the Earth’s
crust. Boron is concentrated on Earth by the water-
solubility of its more common naturally occurring
compounds, the porate minerals. These are mined
industrially as evaporites, such as borax and kernite.
The largest known boron deposits are in Turkey, the
largest producer of boron minerals.
- On June 21, 1808, Lussac and Thénard announced
a new element in sedative salt, Davy announced the
isolation of a new substance from boracic acid soon
(1808)

24. Iron (Before 5000 BCE) Egypt
- is a Chemical Element with symbol Fe (from Latin: ferrum,
ultimately from ferre to bear or carry) and atomic number 26. It is
a metal in the first transition series. It is by mass the most
common element on Earth, forming much of
Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most
common element in the Earth's crust. Its abundance in rocky
planets like Earth is due to its abundant production by fusion in
high-mass stars, where the production of nickel-56 (which
decays to the most common isotope of iron) is the last nuclear
fusion reaction that is exothermic.
Consequently, radioactive nickel is the last element to be
produced before the violent collapse of

25. Gold (6000 BCE) Varna,
Necropolis, Bulgaria
Gold is a chemical element with the
symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and the atomic
number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly
reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal.
Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11
element. It is one of the least reactive chemical
elements, and is solid under standard conditions. The
metal therefore occurs often in free elemental (native)
form, as nuggets or grains, in rocks, in veins and
inalluvial deposits. It occurs in a solid solution series
with the native element silver (as electrum) and also
naturally alloyed with copper and palladium. Less

26. Silver (Before 5000 BCE) Asia Minor
Silver is the metallic element with the atomic number 47.
Its symbol is Ag, from the Latin argentum, from a Proto-
Indo-European language root reconstructed as *h₂erǵ-,
"grey" or "shining". A soft, white, lustrous transition metal,
it however, possesses the highest electrical
conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any
metal. The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form
(native silver), as an alloy with gold and other metals,
and in minerals such asargentite and chlorargyrite. Most
silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, lead,
and zinc refining.
-Estimated to have been discovered shortly

27. Copper was probably the first metal mined and
crafted by humans. It was originally obtained as a
native metal and later from the smelting of ores.
Earliest estimates of the discovery of copper
suggest around 9000 BCE in the Middle East. It
was one of the most important materials to humans
throughout the copper and bronze ages. Copper
beads dating from 6000 BCE have been found
in Çatal Höyük, Anatolia.
9000 BCE

28. Carbon (3750 BCE)
Carbon The earliest known use of
charcoal was for the reduction of
copper, zinc, and tin ores in the
manufacture of bronze, by the Egyptians
and Sumerians. Diamonds were probably
known as early as 2500 BCE.The first
true chemical analyses were made in the
18th century,and in 1789 carbon was
listed by Antoine Lavoisier as an element.

29. Nickel (1751)
Nickel is a chemical element with
symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-
white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge.
Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard
and ductile. Pure nickel, powdered to maximize the
reactive surface area, shows a significant chemical
activity, but larger pieces are slow to react with air
under standard conditions because an oxide layer
forms on the surface and prevents further corrosion
(passivation). Even so, pure native nickel is found in
Earth's crust only in tiny amounts, usually
in ultramafic rocks.]And in the interiors of
larger nickel–iron meteorites that were not exposed
to oxygen when outside Earth's atmosphere.

30. Cobalt (1732)
Cobalt-based blue pigments (cobalt blue) have
been used since ancient times for jewelry and
paints, and to impart a distinctive blue tint to
glass, but the color was later thought by
alchemists to be due to the known
metal bismuth. Miners had long used the
name kobold ore (German for goblin ore) for
some of the blue-pigment producing minerals;
they were so named because they were poor in
known metals, and gave poisonous arsenic-
containing fumes upon smelting. In 1735, such
ores were found to be reducible to a new metal

31. Sulfur( Before 2000 BCE) Chinese/Indians
A yellow element that has a strong,
unpleasant odor when it is burned
and that is used in making paper, Gun
Powder, Medicine, etc.
Sulfur is First used at least 4,000
years ago. Recognized as an element
by Antoine Lavoisier in 1777.

32. Thank You!!!

33. JD
Panizal
Elva De Asis
Roxanne Belgica