The document discusses reinforcement as a learning technique rooted in psychology, emphasizing its importance in influencing student behavior and enhancing learning. It outlines Thorndike’s laws of learning, and highlights different types of reinforcers—positive and negative—that can be either verbal or nonverbal. The objectives of using reinforcement techniques include increasing student participation, motivation, and controlling undesirable behaviors.

1. Skill of Reinforcement
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Prof. S.S. Chepe

2. Need
 Reinforcement is a term taken from
Psychology of Learning. It is directly related
with the learning of students. The term
implies for the use of technique for
influencing behaviour of individuals in the
desired direction.
 The concept is based on Hedonistic principle
which states that an individual tends to
repeat the pleasant experiences and avoid the
unpleasant ones.
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Prof. S.S. Chepe

3. Thorndike’s Laws of Learning
1. Law of Readiness
2. Law of Repetition
3. Law of Effect
The third law is directly related to the
skill of reinforcement. The action having pleasant
results are learnt better.
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Prof. S.S. Chepe

4. Importance
 Reinforcement hence constitutes one of the essential
conditions of learning. It motivates and increases the
speed of learning. The behaviour of the learner can
be controlled and changed and thus can help
learning.
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5. Related Study ….
 Pavlov
 Skinner
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6. Pavlov’s Classical conditioning
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7. Skinner’s Operant conditioning
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8. Objectives
1. To arrest the attention of the pupils and increase
pupil’s verbal /nonverbal participation during
teaching-learning process.
2. To use reinforcers selectively.
3. To motivate the pupils.
4. To control the destructive behaviour of pupils.
5. To provide feedback about the appropriateness of
the feedback of the pupil.
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9. Reinforcers
 The stimuli that provide or contribute to the pleasant
experience are called positive reinforcers, while the
stimuli providing unpleasant experiences can be
termed as negative reinforcers.
 Positive reinforcers are used for strengthening the
responses or behaviours and negative are used for
eliminating the undesirable responses.
 Reinfocers can be verbal as well as nonverbal.
 The types of reinforcers are-
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10. Types of Reinforcers
1. Positive Verbal Reinforcers Ex-good, yes, correct
2. Positive Non Verbal Reinforcers Ex-Smile , nod,
patting
3. Negative Verbal Reinforcers Ex- No, Wrong,
incorrect
4. Negative Nonverbal Reinforcers Ex- Frowning,
shaking head.
5. Extra Verbal Reinforcers Ex-aah, hmm, unh-hun
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11. Desirable Components
1. Acceptance
2. Supportive Denial
3. Praise
4. Acceptance with Personal Reference
5. Positive Non- Verbal Cues
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12. Undesirable Components
1. Inappropriate use of verbal reinforcers.
2. Negative Verbal Cues
3. Lack of Reinforcement
4. Negative Non-Verbal Cues
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13. Thank You 
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Prof. S.S. Chepe