Regulatory Affairs is a profession which has developed from the desire of governments to protect public health, by controlling the safety and efficacy of products in areas including pharmaceuticals, veterinary medicines, medical devices, pesticides, agrochemicals, cosmetics and complementary medicines
Regulatory authority and organizations are responsible for effective drug regulation required to ensure the safety, efficacy and quality of drugs, as well as the accuracy and appropriateness of the drug information available to the public.
Discovery/development Team
Nonclinical pharmacology and toxicology Team
Clinical research Team
Regulatory affairs Team
Marketing Team
Legal Team
Management Team
After the successful completion of clinical research, if the drug candidate proven satisfactory to be safe and effective for its intended use, then drug sponsor can submit New Drug Application (NDA) to respective regulatory authority in order to get marketing license and start commercial production.
In these slides you can get the information of clinical trials which have four phase I,II,III, IV. before clinical trials, Pre-clinical studies should be completed.
This document provides an overview of clinical trials, including:
- Definitions of clinical trials and their importance in testing medical treatments.
- The various phases of clinical trials (Phases 0-IV) and their objectives in evaluating safety, efficacy, and effectiveness.
- The roles of institutional review boards, peer review, and regulatory approval in the clinical trial process and new drug application.
Clinical trials are research studies that test new medical treatments and drugs on human volunteers. They are important for discovering new treatments and determining what is safe and effective for human use. There are different types of clinical trials including observational studies that monitor participants' health over time without interventions, and interventional studies that test new drugs, therapies or treatments. Clinical trials go through several phases and are tightly regulated to protect participants and ensure scientific validity.
ICH-GCP (Aarti pal).pptx M PHARMACY Regulatory perspective of clinical trialsAartiPal23
This document provides an overview of clinical trials and ICH-GCP guidelines. It discusses the different phases of clinical trials from phase 0 to phase IV and the objectives of each phase. It also explains the drug development process and regulatory requirements for clinical research in India and internationally. The key principles of ICH-GCP guidelines are outlined which are designed to ensure safety and ethical standards are followed in clinical trials.
Introduction to drug discovery and development.pptxMingmaLhamuBhutia
The document provides an overview of drug discovery and development. It discusses the various stages including discovery, preclinical research, clinical trials (phases 1-4), regulatory approval, and post-approval surveillance. The discovery stage involves identifying drug targets and lead compounds. Preclinical research involves safety testing in animals. Clinical trials test safety and efficacy in humans in phases. Regulatory agencies approve drugs that are proven safe and effective. Post-approval surveillance monitors drugs after market release. The overall process aims to develop innovative therapies while ensuring patient safety.
This document provides an overview of training on Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and Schedule Y. It begins with the basics of clinical research and phases of clinical trials. It then covers the historical guidelines around medical ethics, including the Declaration of Helsinki and ICH GCP. An introduction to GCP discusses objectives, definitions, and principles. Schedule Y requirements for clinical research in India are also introduced. The roles of the regulatory authority, sponsor, investigator, and institutional ethics committee in clinical trials are outlined.
This document provides information about Investigational New Drug (IND) applications submitted to the FDA to request permission to study an unapproved drug in clinical trials. It discusses the types of INDs (investigational use, emergency use, treatment use), contents required in an IND submission, and circumstances where an IND is or is not required. The key purposes of an IND are to provide safety data from animal studies to begin human trials and to describe the initial proposed clinical study for FDA review before starting research.
1. The document discusses regulatory requirements for drug approval, including non-clinical and clinical studies that must be conducted and submitted to regulatory agencies like the FDA.
2. It describes the various teams involved in drug development, including discovery, preclinical, clinical, manufacturing, and marketing teams. The responsibilities and roles of each team are provided.
3. The approval process is outlined, including requirements for an Investigational New Drug (IND) application to the FDA. The IND must provide data from animal and other preclinical studies. It allows clinical trials to proceed if approved by the FDA within 30 days.
In these slides you can get the information of clinical trials which have four phase I,II,III, IV. before clinical trials, Pre-clinical studies should be completed.
This document provides an overview of clinical trials, including:
- Definitions of clinical trials and their importance in testing medical treatments.
- The various phases of clinical trials (Phases 0-IV) and their objectives in evaluating safety, efficacy, and effectiveness.
- The roles of institutional review boards, peer review, and regulatory approval in the clinical trial process and new drug application.
Clinical trials are research studies that test new medical treatments and drugs on human volunteers. They are important for discovering new treatments and determining what is safe and effective for human use. There are different types of clinical trials including observational studies that monitor participants' health over time without interventions, and interventional studies that test new drugs, therapies or treatments. Clinical trials go through several phases and are tightly regulated to protect participants and ensure scientific validity.
ICH-GCP (Aarti pal).pptx M PHARMACY Regulatory perspective of clinical trialsAartiPal23
This document provides an overview of clinical trials and ICH-GCP guidelines. It discusses the different phases of clinical trials from phase 0 to phase IV and the objectives of each phase. It also explains the drug development process and regulatory requirements for clinical research in India and internationally. The key principles of ICH-GCP guidelines are outlined which are designed to ensure safety and ethical standards are followed in clinical trials.
Introduction to drug discovery and development.pptxMingmaLhamuBhutia
The document provides an overview of drug discovery and development. It discusses the various stages including discovery, preclinical research, clinical trials (phases 1-4), regulatory approval, and post-approval surveillance. The discovery stage involves identifying drug targets and lead compounds. Preclinical research involves safety testing in animals. Clinical trials test safety and efficacy in humans in phases. Regulatory agencies approve drugs that are proven safe and effective. Post-approval surveillance monitors drugs after market release. The overall process aims to develop innovative therapies while ensuring patient safety.
This document provides an overview of training on Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and Schedule Y. It begins with the basics of clinical research and phases of clinical trials. It then covers the historical guidelines around medical ethics, including the Declaration of Helsinki and ICH GCP. An introduction to GCP discusses objectives, definitions, and principles. Schedule Y requirements for clinical research in India are also introduced. The roles of the regulatory authority, sponsor, investigator, and institutional ethics committee in clinical trials are outlined.
This document provides information about Investigational New Drug (IND) applications submitted to the FDA to request permission to study an unapproved drug in clinical trials. It discusses the types of INDs (investigational use, emergency use, treatment use), contents required in an IND submission, and circumstances where an IND is or is not required. The key purposes of an IND are to provide safety data from animal studies to begin human trials and to describe the initial proposed clinical study for FDA review before starting research.
1. The document discusses regulatory requirements for drug approval, including non-clinical and clinical studies that must be conducted and submitted to regulatory agencies like the FDA.
2. It describes the various teams involved in drug development, including discovery, preclinical, clinical, manufacturing, and marketing teams. The responsibilities and roles of each team are provided.
3. The approval process is outlined, including requirements for an Investigational New Drug (IND) application to the FDA. The IND must provide data from animal and other preclinical studies. It allows clinical trials to proceed if approved by the FDA within 30 days.
What is The Clinical Trial Approval Process In India.pdfPranshuCorpseed
Clinical trials are critical in the development of novel medications and cures, advancing medical science and patient care. The clinical trial ecosystem in India has grown dramatically, making it an appealing destination for pharmaceutical research. This article explores the regulatory framework, ethical concerns, phases of clinical trials, application processes, review, post-approval requirements, obstacles, case studies, and future prospects of clinical trial approval in India.
Genable Technologies is developing RhoNova, a gene therapy using two AAV vectors, for the treatment of rhodopsin-linked autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RHO-adRP), a genetic disorder causing progressive vision loss. RhoNova aims to overcome the diversity of over 200 RHO mutations by using RNA interference to destroy mutant RHO mRNA and replacing RHO through a gene resistant to mutations. Proof of concept has been shown in animal models. Orphan drug status has been granted and GMP manufacturing and preclinical toxicology studies are underway to enable clinical trials in 2017.
The document discusses the complex and unpredictable nature of the FDA drug approval process. While the steps of drug development may seem formulaic, including discovery, preclinical testing, and clinical trials, success is not guaranteed as programs face many risks and intangible factors. Understanding these challenges is important for mitigating risks and strategizing development approaches. The FDA approval process aims to ensure new drugs are safe and effective for patients.
The document discusses regulatory requirements for non-clinical drug development, including guidelines from the European Medicines Agency. It describes the types of non-clinical studies done in silico, in vitro, and in vivo to determine efficacy, safety, delivery methods, and manufacturing viability before clinical trials. Key submissions to regulators include the Investigational New Drug Application, New Drug Application, and Abbreviated New Drug Application.
Pharmacovigilance safety Mon. in clinical trials.pptxRoshan Yadav
Pharmacovigilance involves monitoring drug safety and adverse effects during clinical trials. Safety monitoring is critical and requires collaboration between stakeholders like sponsors, investigators, ethics committees, and regulators. Common safety monitoring practices include sponsors developing protocols detailing reporting procedures, investigators collecting data in case report forms, and ethics committees and data safety monitoring boards regularly reviewing accumulating trial data to protect participants.
The safety monitoring in a clinical trail accompanies by common practices in safety monitoring, communicating safety information among stakeholders in a clinical trail.
This document provides an overview of the scope of pharmacology. It discusses the history and evolution of pharmacology from materia medica and early pharmacy to its modern academic, industrial and research applications. Key areas of pharmacology discussed include drug development process, clinical pharmacology, special domains like pharmacovigilance, pharmacoeconomics and emerging areas like pharmacogenomics. The document outlines the past, present and future scope of pharmacology and how it aims to advance human health through rational and safe use of medicines.
Regulatory framework for new drug developmentDr. Mohit Kulmi
The regulatory framework for new drug development involves a lengthy multi-step process including drug discovery, pre-clinical research, and clinical trials on humans to test safety and efficacy. Key aspects of the framework include guidelines from the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) to harmonize technical requirements globally, oversight of clinical trials by institutional review boards, and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) standards to ensure trials are scientifically sound and respect participants. The overall goal is to develop new medications efficiently and ethically while protecting human subjects.
Application for New Drug Discovery (NDD) according to USFDA guidelines Bharathiar university
The document discusses the US FDA's process for approving new drug applications (NDAs). The FDA is responsible for ensuring drugs are safe, effective and quality-controlled. Developers must submit clinical data to FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research which reviews the data. If benefits outweigh risks, the drug receives approval. For serious conditions, accelerated approval is possible where post-market studies confirm initial findings. Designations like Fast Track can expedite review of innovative drugs that address unmet needs. A complete NDA includes manufacturing and clinical information. Advisory committees provide recommendations to FDA on approval.
Review on Pharmacivigilance and mucomycocis disease VaishnaviMore55
This document outlines the course structure and contents for a Practice School pharmacovigilance course. It includes an introduction to pharmacovigilance, definitions, clinical research principles, good clinical practices, adverse drug reaction identification and assessment. It also discusses ICH E2E guidelines, selection of the antifungal drug Amphotericin B for analysis, identification of its adverse effects through patient interviews and hospital visits.
GCP: An international ethical and scientific quality standard for designing, conducting, recording and reporting clinical trials that involve the participation of human subjects.
PV: The science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem.
Clinical Research is a most knowledge-intensive and interesting field in the pharmaceutical industry. There are more than 2, 50,000 positions unemployed in global Pharmaceutical industry.
The new drug approval process involves several phases of laboratory and clinical testing that can take over a decade and cost hundreds of millions of dollars. Only about 1 in 1000 compounds that enter pre-clinical testing are approved for human testing. After pre-clinical animal testing, companies submit an Investigational New Drug (IND) application to the FDA to request permission for human clinical trials. If approved, the drug then enters three phases of clinical trials involving several hundred to thousands of human subjects to evaluate safety, efficacy, and proper dosing. If phase 3 trials are successful, companies submit a New Drug Application (NDA) to the FDA for review and potential approval allowing marketing and post-market safety surveillance.
Clinical research teams have several important roles that work together to conduct clinical trials. The key roles include:
- The principal investigator oversees the entire clinical trial and is responsible for all study-related activities.
- Study coordinators manage the day-to-day operations of trials and ensure protocol compliance.
- Sponsors provide financial support and take overall responsibility for the trial.
- Clinical monitors directly evaluate clinical sites to ensure proper conduct and reporting.
- Contract research organizations provide additional operational and administrative support to help run trials. Together, these roles aim to safely and effectively evaluate new medical treatments.
Roles and Responsibilities in Clinical Trials of Investigator, Study Coordinator, Sponsor, Monitor, a Contract research organization.
The clinical trial, definition, description, Different types of clinical trials, phases of clinical trial.
The clinical trial study team.
Requirements of the clinical trial study team.
Clinical research team role.
GCP- Good clinical practices.
This document provides an overview of the Investigational New Drug (IND) application process. It discusses how an IND is required to begin clinical trials on new drugs and allows pharmaceuticals to be transported between states for research purposes. The document outlines the various stages of pre-clinical and clinical testing, including pre-clinical studies in animals to establish safety, and the three phases of human clinical trials. It provides details on the key components of an IND application, including chemistry and manufacturing information, clinical protocols, and safety data from non-clinical studies. The overall goal of an IND is to obtain permission from the FDA to begin human clinical trials by demonstrating the new drug and trial design will not place subjects at unreasonable risk.
This document provides an overview of the Investigational New Drug (IND) application process. It discusses how an IND is required to begin clinical trials on new drugs and allows pharmaceuticals to be transported between states for research purposes. The document outlines the various stages of pre-clinical and clinical testing, including pre-clinical studies in animals to establish safety, and the three phases of human clinical trials. It provides details on the key components of an IND application, including chemistry and manufacturing information, clinical protocols, and safety data from non-clinical studies. The overall goal of an IND is to obtain permission from the FDA to begin human clinical trials by demonstrating the new drug and trial design will not place subjects at unreasonable risk.
The document outlines the key aspects of Schedule Y, the law in India governing clinical trials. It discusses what Schedule Y is, its purpose, key amendments, and structure. It describes the application process for permission to conduct clinical trials and guidelines around phases of trials, special populations, informed consent, responsibilities of sponsors, investigators and ethics committees, and post-marketing surveillance. Appendices provide more details on required documents, reports, and data.
Clinical trials are conducted in phases to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new medical interventions in humans. Phase I trials involve small groups of subjects and focus on safety, tolerability and dosing of new drugs. Phase II trials involve larger groups of patients and aim to establish effectiveness and optimal dosing. Phase III trials involve thousands of subjects and compare the new medical intervention to the current standard of care or placebo under blinded conditions. The results of phase III trials are required for regulatory approval prior to widespread use and administration of the new medical intervention.
Clinical study on human subjects according to all guidelines to form a ideal protocol and requirement to conduct clinical trial with very efficient way mainly considering to India and ICH associated countries
What is The Clinical Trial Approval Process In India.pdfPranshuCorpseed
Clinical trials are critical in the development of novel medications and cures, advancing medical science and patient care. The clinical trial ecosystem in India has grown dramatically, making it an appealing destination for pharmaceutical research. This article explores the regulatory framework, ethical concerns, phases of clinical trials, application processes, review, post-approval requirements, obstacles, case studies, and future prospects of clinical trial approval in India.
Genable Technologies is developing RhoNova, a gene therapy using two AAV vectors, for the treatment of rhodopsin-linked autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RHO-adRP), a genetic disorder causing progressive vision loss. RhoNova aims to overcome the diversity of over 200 RHO mutations by using RNA interference to destroy mutant RHO mRNA and replacing RHO through a gene resistant to mutations. Proof of concept has been shown in animal models. Orphan drug status has been granted and GMP manufacturing and preclinical toxicology studies are underway to enable clinical trials in 2017.
The document discusses the complex and unpredictable nature of the FDA drug approval process. While the steps of drug development may seem formulaic, including discovery, preclinical testing, and clinical trials, success is not guaranteed as programs face many risks and intangible factors. Understanding these challenges is important for mitigating risks and strategizing development approaches. The FDA approval process aims to ensure new drugs are safe and effective for patients.
The document discusses regulatory requirements for non-clinical drug development, including guidelines from the European Medicines Agency. It describes the types of non-clinical studies done in silico, in vitro, and in vivo to determine efficacy, safety, delivery methods, and manufacturing viability before clinical trials. Key submissions to regulators include the Investigational New Drug Application, New Drug Application, and Abbreviated New Drug Application.
Pharmacovigilance safety Mon. in clinical trials.pptxRoshan Yadav
Pharmacovigilance involves monitoring drug safety and adverse effects during clinical trials. Safety monitoring is critical and requires collaboration between stakeholders like sponsors, investigators, ethics committees, and regulators. Common safety monitoring practices include sponsors developing protocols detailing reporting procedures, investigators collecting data in case report forms, and ethics committees and data safety monitoring boards regularly reviewing accumulating trial data to protect participants.
The safety monitoring in a clinical trail accompanies by common practices in safety monitoring, communicating safety information among stakeholders in a clinical trail.
This document provides an overview of the scope of pharmacology. It discusses the history and evolution of pharmacology from materia medica and early pharmacy to its modern academic, industrial and research applications. Key areas of pharmacology discussed include drug development process, clinical pharmacology, special domains like pharmacovigilance, pharmacoeconomics and emerging areas like pharmacogenomics. The document outlines the past, present and future scope of pharmacology and how it aims to advance human health through rational and safe use of medicines.
Regulatory framework for new drug developmentDr. Mohit Kulmi
The regulatory framework for new drug development involves a lengthy multi-step process including drug discovery, pre-clinical research, and clinical trials on humans to test safety and efficacy. Key aspects of the framework include guidelines from the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) to harmonize technical requirements globally, oversight of clinical trials by institutional review boards, and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) standards to ensure trials are scientifically sound and respect participants. The overall goal is to develop new medications efficiently and ethically while protecting human subjects.
Application for New Drug Discovery (NDD) according to USFDA guidelines Bharathiar university
The document discusses the US FDA's process for approving new drug applications (NDAs). The FDA is responsible for ensuring drugs are safe, effective and quality-controlled. Developers must submit clinical data to FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research which reviews the data. If benefits outweigh risks, the drug receives approval. For serious conditions, accelerated approval is possible where post-market studies confirm initial findings. Designations like Fast Track can expedite review of innovative drugs that address unmet needs. A complete NDA includes manufacturing and clinical information. Advisory committees provide recommendations to FDA on approval.
Review on Pharmacivigilance and mucomycocis disease VaishnaviMore55
This document outlines the course structure and contents for a Practice School pharmacovigilance course. It includes an introduction to pharmacovigilance, definitions, clinical research principles, good clinical practices, adverse drug reaction identification and assessment. It also discusses ICH E2E guidelines, selection of the antifungal drug Amphotericin B for analysis, identification of its adverse effects through patient interviews and hospital visits.
GCP: An international ethical and scientific quality standard for designing, conducting, recording and reporting clinical trials that involve the participation of human subjects.
PV: The science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem.
Clinical Research is a most knowledge-intensive and interesting field in the pharmaceutical industry. There are more than 2, 50,000 positions unemployed in global Pharmaceutical industry.
The new drug approval process involves several phases of laboratory and clinical testing that can take over a decade and cost hundreds of millions of dollars. Only about 1 in 1000 compounds that enter pre-clinical testing are approved for human testing. After pre-clinical animal testing, companies submit an Investigational New Drug (IND) application to the FDA to request permission for human clinical trials. If approved, the drug then enters three phases of clinical trials involving several hundred to thousands of human subjects to evaluate safety, efficacy, and proper dosing. If phase 3 trials are successful, companies submit a New Drug Application (NDA) to the FDA for review and potential approval allowing marketing and post-market safety surveillance.
Clinical research teams have several important roles that work together to conduct clinical trials. The key roles include:
- The principal investigator oversees the entire clinical trial and is responsible for all study-related activities.
- Study coordinators manage the day-to-day operations of trials and ensure protocol compliance.
- Sponsors provide financial support and take overall responsibility for the trial.
- Clinical monitors directly evaluate clinical sites to ensure proper conduct and reporting.
- Contract research organizations provide additional operational and administrative support to help run trials. Together, these roles aim to safely and effectively evaluate new medical treatments.
Roles and Responsibilities in Clinical Trials of Investigator, Study Coordinator, Sponsor, Monitor, a Contract research organization.
The clinical trial, definition, description, Different types of clinical trials, phases of clinical trial.
The clinical trial study team.
Requirements of the clinical trial study team.
Clinical research team role.
GCP- Good clinical practices.
This document provides an overview of the Investigational New Drug (IND) application process. It discusses how an IND is required to begin clinical trials on new drugs and allows pharmaceuticals to be transported between states for research purposes. The document outlines the various stages of pre-clinical and clinical testing, including pre-clinical studies in animals to establish safety, and the three phases of human clinical trials. It provides details on the key components of an IND application, including chemistry and manufacturing information, clinical protocols, and safety data from non-clinical studies. The overall goal of an IND is to obtain permission from the FDA to begin human clinical trials by demonstrating the new drug and trial design will not place subjects at unreasonable risk.
This document provides an overview of the Investigational New Drug (IND) application process. It discusses how an IND is required to begin clinical trials on new drugs and allows pharmaceuticals to be transported between states for research purposes. The document outlines the various stages of pre-clinical and clinical testing, including pre-clinical studies in animals to establish safety, and the three phases of human clinical trials. It provides details on the key components of an IND application, including chemistry and manufacturing information, clinical protocols, and safety data from non-clinical studies. The overall goal of an IND is to obtain permission from the FDA to begin human clinical trials by demonstrating the new drug and trial design will not place subjects at unreasonable risk.
The document outlines the key aspects of Schedule Y, the law in India governing clinical trials. It discusses what Schedule Y is, its purpose, key amendments, and structure. It describes the application process for permission to conduct clinical trials and guidelines around phases of trials, special populations, informed consent, responsibilities of sponsors, investigators and ethics committees, and post-marketing surveillance. Appendices provide more details on required documents, reports, and data.
Clinical trials are conducted in phases to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new medical interventions in humans. Phase I trials involve small groups of subjects and focus on safety, tolerability and dosing of new drugs. Phase II trials involve larger groups of patients and aim to establish effectiveness and optimal dosing. Phase III trials involve thousands of subjects and compare the new medical intervention to the current standard of care or placebo under blinded conditions. The results of phase III trials are required for regulatory approval prior to widespread use and administration of the new medical intervention.
Clinical study on human subjects according to all guidelines to form a ideal protocol and requirement to conduct clinical trial with very efficient way mainly considering to India and ICH associated countries
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Regulatory overview.pptx
1. Presented by: Ms. Kajal A. Pradhan
Assistant Professor, M. Pharm (Pharmaceutics)
Smt. R. D. Gardi B. Pharmacy College, Nyara, Rajkot
2. Content
What is Regulatory Affairs?
Historical Overview of Regulatory
affairs
Roles & Responsibility of
Regulatory Affairs Department
Roles & Responsibility of
Regulatory Affairs Professionals
Regulatory authorities
2
Part- 1:
3. Part- 2:
3
a) Drug Development Teams
b) Non-Clinical Drug Development
c) Investigational New Drug (IND)
Application
d) Investigator’s Brochure (IB)
e) Clinical research
f) Clinical Research Protocols
g) New Drug Application (NDA)
h) Abbreviated New Drug Application
(ANDA)
5. What is Regulatory Affairs?
Regulatory Affairs is a profession which has developed from the
desire of governments to protect public health, by controlling
the safety and efficacy of products in areas including
pharmaceuticals, veterinary medicines, medical devices,
pesticides, agrochemicals, cosmetics and complementary
medicines.
5
6. • To establish proper legalization covering all products with a
medicinal claim and all relevant pharmaceutical activities,
whether carried out by the public or the private sector.
• To increase worldwide regulatory growth to ensure the
safety of people.
6
Cont...
7. Historical overview of Regulatory
Affairs
Some notable cases in the history responsible for
requirement strict regulation for medicine were required
7
Cutter Incident
Thalidomide
tragedy
Elixir
Sulphanilamide
8. • In 1955, some batches of polio vaccine given to the public
contained live polio virus, even though they had passed
required safety testing.
• Over 250 cases of polio were attributed to vaccines produced
by one company: Cutter Laboratories. This case, which
came to be known as the Cutter Incident, resulted in many
cases of paralysis.
8
10. • Thalidomide was first marketed to health professionals as a
sedative. However, its use rapidly increased amongst
pregnant women due to the drug’s ability to alleviate
morning sickness.
• Soon after its rise in popularity, medical professionals began
to note a series of congenital mutations in children born
from mothers who used the drug during pregnancy, resulting
in the thalidomide tragedy known today.
10
12. Elixir Sulfanilamide Tragedy
• In 1937, S. E. Massengill Company, a pharmaceutical
manufacturer, created a preparation of sulfanilamide
using diethylene glycol (DEG) as a solvent, and called
the preparation "Elixir Sulfanilamide".
• Watkins was unaware that DEG was toxic to humans, even
though there were extant known cases of toxicity and that
studies were published several years prior which
concluded that DEG was a highly nephrotoxic agent and
should be avoided in humans.
12
14. Role and Responsibility of Regulatory
Affairs Department
• The regulatory bodies play a vital role in between the
companies and the government agencies.
• Regulatory affairs department plays a vital role to ensure
the safety and efficacy of the drugs available to the public
in the market.
• RA Department at its heart is all about Collecting,
Analyzing and Communicating the Risks and Benefits
of health care products to regulatory agencies and public
all over the world.
14
15. • Their role begins right from development of a product to
making, marketing and post marketing.
• They advice at all stages both in terms of legal and
technical requirements and restrains help companies
save a lot of time and money in developing the product
and marketing the same.
• The regulatory affairs department also handles the drug
pricing, prescribing, and also the special control if any
(narcotics).
15
Cont...
16. Responsibility of Regulatory Affairs
Professionals
• Prime responsibilities involves
preparation and presentation
of registration documents to
regulatory agencies
• To obtain and maintain
marketing authorization (MA)
for the products concerned.
16
17. • To keep a track on ever changing legislation in all
countries.
• To promote public health and protect the public from
harmful and dubious drugs.
• Their main role is to comply with Safety & Efficacy of
the products as per regulation laid down by the
government.
17
Cont...
18. Regulatory Authorities
• Regulatory authority and
organizations are responsible for
effective drug regulation required to
ensure the safety, efficacy and
quality of drugs, as well as the
accuracy and appropriateness of
the drug information available to
the public.
18
22. • Drug Development Teams
• Non-Clinical / Pre-Clinical
• Investigational New Drug (IND)
Application
• Investigator’s Brochure (IB)
• Clinical research
• Clinical Research Protocols
• New Drug Application (NDA)
• Abbreviated New Drug Application
(ANDA)
22
Topic to be covered.......
23. Drug Development Teams:
Discovery/development Team
Nonclinical pharmacology and toxicology Team
Clinical research Team
Regulatory affairs Team
Marketing Team
Legal Team
Management Team
23
24. Stages of Drug Development
Drug Discovery
Preclinical Studies
INDA(Investigational New Drug Application)
Clinical Studies
NDA(New Drug Application)
Post Marketing Surveillance
24
25. Pre-clinical/ Non-Clinical
• Pre-clinical trial: A laboratory test for a novel drug or
a new medical device is usually done on animal
subjects, to see if the hoped-for treatment really works
and if it is safe to test on humans.
25
26. • Pre-clinical Drug Development involves pharmacological
and toxicological assessment of the potential new drug in
animal models in order to establish its safety and efficacy
before the administration to human volunteers in clinical trial
phase.
• Rodent and non rodent mammalian models are used for
pharmacokinetic profile and general safety, as well as to
identify toxicity patterns.
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Cont...
27. INDA
• After the successful completion of preclinical research, Drug
developer or sponsor, must submit an Investigational New Drug
(IND) application to respective regulatory authority such as
FDA in US, CDSCO in India etc in order to start clinical
research.
• The IND filing is the formal process by which a sponsor
requests approval for testing of a drug in human subjects.
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29. In the IND application, following things are must included :
• Animal study data and toxicity data
• Manufacturing information
• Clinical protocols (study plans) for studies to be conducted
• Data from any prior human research
• Information about the investigator
• Any additional data
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Cont...
30. IB (Investigator’s Brochure)
• The Investigator’s Brochure (IB) is an important document,
of the IND
• The IB is a compilation of the clinical and nonclinical
data on the investigational product that is relevant to the
study of the product in human subjects.
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31. • Its purpose is to provide the investigators and others
involved in the trial with the information to facilitate their
understanding of the rationale for, and their compliance
with, many key features of the protocol, such as the dose,
dose frequency/interval, methods of administration: and
safety monitoring procedures
31
Cont...
32. Clinical Trial
• Clinical Phase of Drug Development: Pre-clinical research
provides a basic idea about drug’s safety in animal models,
but it is not a substitute for human subjects. “Clinical
research” refers to studies, or trials, that involve human
subjects to establish the safety and efficacy of drug.
• Clinical trials are part of clinical research that involve human
beings as a volunteer to determine safety and efficacy of
new drug.
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33. Who Conducts Clinical trials?
33
• Every clinical study is led by a principal investigator,
who is often a medical doctor. Clinical studies also have
a research team that may include doctors, nurses, social
workers, and other health care professionals.
• In some studies, you may be assigned to receive
a placebo (an inactive product that resembles the test
product, but without its treatment value).
•
35. • Informed consent is the process of providing you with
key information about a research study before you
decide whether to accept the offer to take part.
• The process of informed consent continues throughout
the study.
• To help you decide whether to take part, members of the
research team explain the details of the study.
• If you do not understand English, a translator or
interpreter may be provided.
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Informed Constent
36. Clinical Trial Protocols
• The clinical trial protocol is a document that describes how a
clinical trial will be conducted (the objective(s), design,
methodology, statistical considerations and organization of a
clinical trial,) and ensures the safety of the trial subjects and
integrity of the data collected
• Clinical trials follow a plan known as a protocol. The protocol is
carefully designed to balance the potential benefits and risks to
participants, and answer specific research questions.
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37. • A protocol describes the following:
The goal of the study
Who is eligible to take part in the trial
Protections against risks to participants
Details about tests, procedures, and treatments
How long the trial is expected to last
What information will be gathered
A clinical trial is led by a principal investigator (PI).
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Cont...
38. NDA(New Drug Application)
• After the successful completion of clinical research, if the drug
candidate proven satisfactory to be safe and effective for its
intended use, then drug sponsor can submit New Drug
Application (NDA) to respective regulatory authority in order to
get marketing license and start commercial production.
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39. S- Standard review: For drugs similar to currently available
drugs.
P- Priority review: For drugs that represent significant
advances over existing treatments.
• The NDA application form :FORM NDA 356 h
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The following letter codes describe the review
priority of the drug:
43. Pharmacovigilance
As per WHO:
“The science & activities relating to detection, assessment,
understanding & prevention of adverse effects or any
other drug related problem”
"Pharmacovigilance”
(Pharmakon -drug +Vigilare to keep watch)
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45. Generic Drugs Termed as – “abbreviated”
because they are generally not required to include
preclinical (animal) and clinical (human) data to establish
safety and efficacy instead, generics applicant must
demonstrate that there product is bioequivalent
ANDA(Abbreviated New Drug Application) contains
data submitted to regulatory agency for review and
ultimate approval of a generic drug product.
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49. Reference
• Reddy GTK, Reddy GNK; Significance of Pharmaceutical Regulatory
Bodies - A Review; PharmaTutor; 2017; 5(8); 15-22.
• D.K Sanghi & Rakesh Tiwal; Role of Regulatory affairs in a Pharmaceutical
Industry; International journal of pharmacy review and research.
• http://www.fda.gov
• Richard A. Guarino and Marcel Dekkar, New Drug Approval Process, 2nd
edition,1987,243-356.
• Remington, "The Science and Practice of Pharmacy”, 21st edition, Volume-
1,965.
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