Regular expressions are patterns used to match character combinations in strings. They are used for search engines, validation, scraping, parsing, and more. Regular expressions use special characters like [], {}, (), | for matching sets, quantities, groups, and alternations. They also have flags like i for case-insensitive matching and g for finding all matches. Common regex tokens include \d, \s, \w for digit, space, word character classes and ., ^, $ for any character, start, end anchors.