The document discusses various issues around identifying and addressing fake news. It provides examples of fake news stories and comments from survey participants on how they would respond. It notes that quickly scrolling through social media makes critically analyzing the credibility of information difficult. Addressing fake news requires changing how audiences behave. Fact-checking sites can help verify the truth of stories but combating fake news remains an uphill challenge.

1. Digital information
literacy in Libraryland
Have we been spending so long ignoring fake
news as a thing that we have lost the skills
necessary to help our own library members
develop those skills for themselves?
Reference @ the Metcalfe
survey participant’s comment

2. https://tinyurl.com/VALAfakenews

3. What is fake news?
Fake news can include
misleading visual memes
and videos. In the digital
environment a video,
photo, quote or comment
taken out of context,
misattributed,
misconstrued or
manipulated can go viral
and be accepted as
accurate information or
news.

4. What is fake news?

6. What is fake news?
Parody news stories from satire
sources, and stories from similar
(but unfunny) fauxtire sites, can
be read and shared as real, thus
joining the fake news
continuum. Some of these sites
do not include a disclaimer
noting their status as satire.
Some, like Info Wars, you just
can’t tell.

7. What is fake news?

8. https://www.theverge.com/2017/11/1/16593346/house-russia-facebook-ads
Astroturfing

9. US President Donald
Trump has popularised
the reframing of the term
to mean anything
negative or critical to
your interests or which is
contrary to the reality
that you accept or want
others to accept.

10. What is fake news?
A Field Guide to Fake News
emphasises that “fake news
may be considered not just
in terms of the form or
content of the message, but
also in terms of the
mediating infrastructures,
platforms and participatory
cultures which facilitate its
circulation.”

11. All media work us over completely. They
are so pervasive in their personal, political,
economic, aesthetic, psychological, moral,
ethical, and social consequences that they
leave no part of us untouched, unaffected,
unaltered. The medium is the massage.
Any understanding of social and cultural
change is impossible without a knowledge
of the way media work as environments.
Marshall McLuhan and Quentin Fiore
The Medium is the Massage : An Inventory
of Effects
Key observations

12. Key concepts
A cursory glance, typical of scrolling through social media
feed, is unlikely to yield a critical analysis of whether a source
is credible. But the impact can be lasting.
Barbara Alvarez
The only way to change the way fake news creators behave, is
to change the behaviour of the audience.
Nick Enfield, Professor of Linguistics, University of Sydney
Supposedly, librarians are going to help the world deal with
“fake news.”... It’s going to be an uphill battle, though.
Annoyed Librarian

13. The survey
R@M: 179 responses
VALA: 179 responses

14. Ignore, scroll, delete?
Probably none of the above…
you have not provided all the options available to me as a Facebook user.
Not interested - so no response. This question forces me to answer
incorrectly - I would take no action at all - more likely to delete and or
request no more like this which is an option on Facebook So my answer
should be disregarded.

15. R@M:
Like: 10.43%
Dislike: 87.12%
Share: 2.45%
PAPERMAG.COM is a giveaway here
Yeah right. Nostradamus probably predicted Trump too!
False but creative.
By splicing clips together you can make your own story. It
changes context, meanings and intent.
would need to do more research to check if this was true or not
Snopes says that this is true but I still wouldn't share it
True and hilarious. Anyone got the full episode?
VALA:
Like: 7.78%
Dislike: 91.02%
Share: 1.20%

16. VALA:
Like: 7.78%
Dislike: 91.02%
Share: 1.20%
https://www.snopes.com/trackdown-trump-character-wall
You can watch the entire
episode on YouTube!
R@M:
Like: 10.43%
Dislike: 87.12%
Share: 2.45%

17. R@M:
Like: 21.71%
Dislike: 75.66%
Share: 2.63%
Why would that be news at all
Don't like the obvious class implications, and the danger that
your response could be used to gauge your right or left leanings
Sounds like bs to me.
The Shovel is a satirical site so it is clearly not true if you know
this. It could be misleading to people not aware of the site. If I
shared this it would be with a commentary about how it is
funny.
VALA:
Like: 25.81%
Dislike: 69.68%,
Share: 4.52%

18. VALA:
Like: 25.81%
Dislike: 69.68%
Share: 4.52%
http://www.theshovel.com.au/about
R@M:
Like: 21.71%
Dislike: 75.66%
Share: 2.63%

19. R@M:
Like: 13.38%
Dislike: 83.10%
Share: 3.52%
incorrect spelling a clue to fakery
that sounds like something the yanks would do.
I believe this photograph is real (even though a # is spelt incorrectly) but I
would not share it as is; it would need to be contextualised (eg: in a news
article).
There is no context to this image. I would do a google image search and
look it up on Snopes before sharing anything.
Snopes.com says "True"
VALA:
Like: 8.25%.
Dislike: 79.56%
Share: 2.19%

20. VALA:
Like: 8.25%.
Dislike: 79.56%
Share: 2.19%
https://www.snopes.com/image-shows-a-group-of-deported-veterans
R@M:
Like: 13.38%
Dislike: 83.10%
Share: 3.52%

21. R@M:
Like: 37.96%
Dislike: 59.85%
Share: 2.19%
VALA:
Like: 18.25%,
Dislike: 79.56%
Share: 2.19%
looks photoshopped, plus its unlikely the queen would be
photographed doing this. i might share for its humour value
The Queen is a well known "shooter" especially in Scotland
Due to protocols the Queen would never be photographed in
such a position…
According to Twitter @SASParaOps is a "British SAS book series –
Follow us to discover the bestselling SAS Para-Ops Series by bestselling
author @Casey_Christie"

22. VALA:
Like: 18.25%,
Dislike: 79.56%
Share: 2.19%
R@M:
Like: 37.96%
Dislike: 59.85%
Share: 2.19%

23. R@M:
Like: 50.37%
Dislike: 43.70%
Share: 5.93%
And?
Beautiful subjects and beautiful photography.
Again an inoffensive, probably photo shopped, post that is not in
any way detracting from the people pictured nor trying to create
conflict.
Using icons in propaganda. Creative but not my politics.
Intriguing? Yes Fact check with a quick Google search = Digitally
manipulated image Next step: Scroll on.
VALA:
Like: 43.20%
Dislike: 52.00%
Share: 4.80%

24. VALA:
Like: 43.20%
Dislike: 52.00%
Share: 4.80%
R@M:
Like: 50.37%
Dislike: 43.70%
Share: 5.93%

25. R@M:
Like: 15.27%
Dislike: 79.39%
Share: 5.34%
The headline is clearly from climate change denialists, and the first line
confirms that.
the tone is all wrong .... "climate alarmists"
Accurate fact - except that 2012 was a record low for Arctic sea ice mass,
so anything is larger than it! Sea ice mass is steadily declining.
Doesn't prove/disprove anything. Propaganda.
NaturalNews.com is run by Mike Adams, the "Health Ranger". A Google
search reveals he is generally regarded as a quack and a pseudo-scientist.
VALA:
Like: 17.80%
Dislike: 78.81%
Share: 3.39%

26. VALA:
Like: 17.80%
Dislike: 78.81%
Share: 3.39%
https://www.snopes.com/does-arctic-ice-doubt-reality-climate-change
R@M:
Like: 15.27%
Dislike: 79.39%
Share: 5.34%

27. R@M:
Like: 49.61%
Dislike: 43.41%
Share: 6.98%
VALA:
Like: 51.38%,
Dislike: 29.36%
Share: 19.27%
this seems like a reasonable statement on events in the US
Activism at its best. Nothing changes if not challenged.
It may be true, but I am not entitled to speak on behalf of these
people.
Protest is a fundamental right. Interesting that it only features
afro-americans. wonder who produced this?
Photos & themes real, but 'Blacktivist' is a Russian troll account

28. VALA:
Like: 51.38%,
Dislike: 29.36%
Share: 19.27%
https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-kremlin-crafted-takeaknee-memes-for-more-than-a-year
R@M:
Like: 49.61%
Dislike: 43.41%
Share: 6.98%

29. R@M:
Like: 22.76%
Dislike: 74.80%
Share: 2.44%
VALA:
Like: 26.47%,
Dislike: 70.59%
Share: 2.94%
What the? This makes no sense
Probably would have been more in
the news
obviously fake with the mention of the croissant
I would share this as a satirical post but make it clear it was not true.
Found on the Australian Conservatives own official web site. Why
would anyone share it unless they are an Australian Conservative?

30. VALA:
Like: 26.47%,
Dislike: 70.59%
Share: 2.94%
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-16/bernardi-making-provocative-motions-hanson-young-fires-up/9158076
R@M:
Like: 22.76%
Dislike: 74.80%
Share: 2.44%

31. R@M:
Like: 6.56%
Dislike: 92.62%
Share: 0.82%
VALA:
Like: 8.91%,
Dislike: 90.10%
Share: 0.99%
Who?
More information please.
known extreme social commentator
"Apparently" - another word that raises my suspicious. Plus the person
writing the post - likes to stir things up.
Milo Yiannopoulos is well-known for "doing and saying whatever gets me
the most publicity". Snopes reports "A video showing a religious procession
in Bradford, England, was misrepresented as a protest by those with an
anti-Muslim agenda."

32. VALA:
Like: 8.91%,
Dislike: 90.10%
Share: 0.99%
https://www.snopes.com/video-muslims-sharia-shoura/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social
R@M:
Like: 6.56%
Dislike: 92.62%
Share: 0.82%

33. Has potential to be true as these kinds of
things happen often but would need a lot
of follow up as I haven't heard of this
before.
H2O This one is clearly poking fun at chemical scare posts on social media
Nothing stated is actually false but a simple check would clarify that the
post seeks to ban water H20.
.
R@M:
Like: 21.85%
Dislike: 68.91%
Share: 8.57%
VALA:
Like: 20.62%,
Dislike: 64.95%
Share: 14.43%

34. VALA:
Like: 20.62%,
Dislike: 64.95%
Share: 14.43%
https://www.snopes.com/science/dhmo.asp
R@M:
Like: 21.85%
Dislike: 68.91%
Share: 8.57%

35. Any questions?