The document outlines a research project focusing on ethical and legal considerations in long-term care and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It emphasizes the need to analyze case studies, resource allocation ethics, and legal frameworks governing healthcare practices under pandemic conditions. The project requires a comprehensive examination of challenges in the long-term care continuum and a structured essay documenting findings and recommendations in APA format.

1. Reexamine the three topics you picked last week. Research and
find case studies related to your topics. Now, break out each
case into a list of ethical and legal considerations that might
help to analyze each case—summarize the considerations in two
paragraphs for each case.
For each case, also ask one legal and one ethical question that
might present. Consider the principles of ethics from Week 1
and the laws addressed this week. You should also use outside
references to dig deeper into each case for your list.
Please read research article relating to the current challenges in
the long-term care continuum and their impact on the current
long-term care industry.
· Introduction and background of the research paper
· addressing the main challenges discussed in the paper
· Stakeholders interested in the study
· Challenges in the long-term care continuum
· Impact of the challenges on the long-term care system
(specifically on staffing, funding, and regulation)
· Recommendations to address the challenges
Essay paper in APA format, and citations in APA format.

2. Law and Ethics in COVID-19 Pandemic
Angelica F Davis
South University Online
HCM3004 Ethics and Law for Administrators
Week 1 Project
Professor Sherri Spencer
Running Head: LAW AND ETHICS IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC
1
5/3/2020
Health Care Ethics and Covid-19
Previous Resource Allocation Ethics
Different ethical frameworks allocate resources during
pandemics (Hübner et al., 2020). These frameworks are useful
in guiding the present health situation of COVID-19. However,
the application of ethical frameworks should take into
consideration the pandemic stage, health care resource type, and
context of the health care system. Should the allocating
resources for COVID -19 utilize previous frameworks for
control of influenza pandemics is an ethical question that needs
clarification? The reason for exploring the application of ethical
principles and allocation of resources in COVID-19 is due to
the various contextual circumstances and decisions required in
resource allocation for different pandemics. For instance,
COVID-19 is known to have significant implications on those
aged beyond sixty years, an essential characteristic for
prioritizing the COVID-19 resource allocation.
The legal framework governing resource allocation in
COVID-19 includes the obligation of hospitals in the provision
of health care to everyone needing their services, which is
dependent on illness severity (DePergola, 2020). For instance,
the NRW, section two of the hospital design act, stipulates the

3. health care worker's obligation in the treatment of patients.
Additionally, hospitals are also under the obligation to complete
treatment on their patients following the obligation contract for
monopolistic positions on individual case circumstances. Also,
according to section 7 of MBO-A, individual doctors are legally
obligated to treat ill individuals during emergencies.
Ethics of Random Allocation
LAW AND ETHICS IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC
5
The ethical and legal considerations for medical
countermeasures consisting of personal protective equipment
and therapeutics may be different. Therefore exploring the
different values
and principles that apply for PPE, vaccines, and therapeutics
should help in justifying their use in the control of the COVID -
19 pandemic (Hübner et al., 2020). For instance, the discovery
of an effective and safe vaccine should prioritize its application
within populations at the highest risk and health care workers.
The ethical question that needs clarification is whether
utilization of random allocation is justified with limited medical
resources in a given group assuming the recipients receive equal
benefits within that group. However, the allocation of resources
may be different from the use of ventilators, with some
individuals receiving more benefits than others.
In circumstances where the needs of patients affected with
Covid-19 exceeds that of the available scarce resources, conflict
of duty, and emergency is justified (DePergola, 2020). For
instance, with the spread of COVID-19 in many countries, the
intensive care patient population is likely to exceed the in-
patient care at various hospitals. Therefore, in emergencies
where medical practitioners sacrifice the life of an individual
for the benefit of the other person may lead to the death of one
due to withdrawing ventilation. Hence killing a person by
omission presents legal implications stipulated in section 212 of
the criminal code.

4. Ethics of Decision and Priority Resource Access
The principles of equality, utility, and risk are useful in
deciding individuals that need high priority for the access of
limited resources (Hübner et al., 2020). The equality principle
states that every individual should receive equal treatment
unless there is enough evidence to justify differential resource
prioritization. Also, an individual’s characteristics, such as
gender, ethnicity, race, should not serve as the foundation for
differential resource allocation. The utility principle justifies
resource allocation according to the provision of benefits and
the ability to cause no harm. The reason for exploring principles
of risk, utility, and equality is necessary for understanding
population, which requires urgent allocation of scarce
resources. For instance, in case of short supply of vaccines and
PPE for COVID-19 pandemic, presents an ethical question for
health care workers and individuals with severe illness.
For the successful treatment of COVID -19 patients, the
decisive criteria recommendations include comorbidities,
disease severity, and general state of patients (DePergola,
2020). However, in cases where there is a shortage of funds,
doctors take into consideration the age, cost-effectiveness,
social contribution, and medical criteria. The general, equal
treatment implemented by the central ethics committee rules out
age differentiation; however, two legal aspects need sufficient
explanation. For instance, regulations prohibiting the unequal
treatment of individuals on account of disability, race, and
ethnicity needs additional clarification as stipulated under
section 33c of social code. Also, regulations on unequal
treatment due to age require further amendments to cater for
equal treatment
References
DePergola, P. A. (2020). Ethical Guidelines for the Treatment
of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Novel Coronavirus
Disease (COVID-19).
Hübner, J., Schewe, D. M., Katalinic, A., & Frielitz, F. S.
(2020). Legal Issues of Resource Allocation in the COVID-19

5. Pandemic-Between Utilitarianism and Life Value Indifference.