The document provides examples and explanations of different types of dialogue punctuation and grammar structures, including: 1) Three ways to structure dialogue - with the speaker first, last, or in the middle. 2) Examples of correctly and incorrectly punctuated dialogue. 3) Explanations of past tenses like simple past, past continuous, and past perfect and their respective uses. 4) Examples of present tenses like simple present and their uses. 5) Other common grammar structures discussed include had + participle, modals + infinitive, to + infinitive vs gerunds, and sensory verbs + infinitive.

1. AFL for Stellar WS and Practice
Paper
Our intensive preparation for SA2

2. Editing
• Note that there are actually 3 basic ways to
write a dialogue.
• 1) Speaker in front.
• Eg. David said, “Let’s go to the bookshop after
lunch.”
• 2)Speaker at the back.
• Eg. “Let’s go to the bookshop after lunch,” said
David.

3. Editing
3) Speaker in the middle. (2 versions)
• “Let’s go to the bookshop,” said David,
“after lunch.”
• “Let’s go to the bookshop after lunch,”
said David. “Let’s try to avoid the crowd
during peak hours.”

4. Editing (Spot the mistakes here)
• “I will be going to school to receive
my PSLE results” said Claire.
• “I will be going to school to receive
my PSLE results,” said Claire.

5. Editing (Spot the mistakes here)
• “I wonder how would I fare for my
examinations,” Claire asked her Mum.
• “I wonder how would I fare for my
examinations?” Claire asked her Mum.
• (Be sensitive to the nature of the
dialogue is it a question or exclamation
or statement?)

6. Editing (Spot the mistakes here)
• “Let go of me,” Claire shouted!
• “Let go of me!” Claire shouted.
• (Be sensitive to the nature of the
dialogue is it a question or exclamation
or statement?)

7. Editing (Spot the mistakes here)
• “I wonder how would I fare for my
examinations,” Claire asked her
Mum. “do you think I will do well?”
• “I wonder how would I fare for my
examinations,” Claire asked her
Mum. “Do you think I will do well?”
(This signals a short pause in her dialogue)

8. Editing (Spot the mistakes here)
• “I wonder how would I fare,” Claire
asked her Mum. “for my
examinations?”
• “I wonder how would I fare,” Claire
asked her Mum, “for my
examinations?”
(This signals that her dialogue is completed in
one breath.)

9. Editing (Which makes more sense
here?)
1. “I like you,” Tom teased, “not!”
2. “I like you,” Tom teased. “Not!”
(The pause is necessary here)

10. Other common questions for editing
(Which sentence is punctuated correctly?)
1. The dog is injured. It’s tail is
bleeding profusely.
2. The dog is injured. Its tail is
bleeding profusely.
(Note: it’s = it is / it was)
This is unlike the usual way for us to show
possession when we use the apostrophe. Eg.
Tom’s dog is injured.

11. Tenses and their uses
An introduction

12. Do you know your past tenses and their
respective uses?
1. Simple past tense-
eg. He ambled to the park yesterday.
2. Past continuous tense-
Eg. While he was cooking, the door
bell rang.
3. Past perfect tense

13. Do you know your past tenses and their
respective uses?
Simple past tense-
eg. He ambled to the park yesterday.
Uses include:
To point out that the event happened
in the past.
Often used with a suitable time tag.

14. Do you know your past tenses and their
respective uses?
Past continuous tense-
Eg. While he was cooking, the door bell rang.
Eg. While the people were sleeping, they felt
the ground shaking.
Uses:
1) When the focus is on the duration of the
event.
2) A longer event was interrupted with
another event.

15. Do you know your past tenses and their
respective uses?
Past perfect tense
Eg. After he had taken a good rest, he felt better.
Uses:
It tells of a past event that had happened before
another past event.
Structure: Had + participle

16. Do you know your present tenses and their
respective uses?
Simple present tense-
eg. He ambles in the park daily.
Uses include:
1) Factual statement.
Eg. Whales are mammals.
2) Current truths
Eg. Nick is the chairperson of class 4-7.
3) Habitual events (routines)
Eg. Pupils in class 4-7 do their OMOP almost daily.
Woon Ning submits the attendance every day.

17. Other common grammar structures to note:
1) Had + participle.
Had eat or had ate or had eaten?
2) Modals + infinitive (base word)
Could ate or could eat or could eaten?
3) To + infinitive * gerunds
To eaten or to ate or to eat
4) Sensory verbs + infinitive
Do we say …. She made me ate the cake
yesterday.
Or…. She made me eat the cake yesterday.
Do we say …. I saw Tim ate the cake yesterday.
Or…. I saw Tim eat the cake yesterday.