Traffic sign recognition is one of the most important research topics for enabling autonomous vehicle driving systems. In order to be deployed in driving environments, intelligent transport system must be able to recognize and respond to exceptional road conditions such as traffic signs, highway work zones and imminent road works automatically. In this paper, Real time Myanmar Traffic Sign Recognition System RMTSRS is proposed. The incoming video stream is fed into computer vision. Then each incoming frames are segmented using color threshold method for traffic sign detection. A Histogram of Oriented Gradients HOG technique is used to extract the features from the segmented traffic sign and then RMTSRS classifies traffic sign types using Support Vector Machine SVM . The system achieves classification accuracy up to 98 . Myint Tun | Thida Lwin "Real-Time Myanmar Traffic Sign Recognition System using HOG and SVM" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27929.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/real-time-computing/27929/real-time-myanmar-traffic-sign-recognition-system-using-hog-and-svm/myint-tun
ANOVA and Fisher Criterion based Feature Selection for Lower Dimensional Univ...CSCJournals
Unethical uses of data hiding methods have made Image Steganalysis a very important area of
research work in the field of Digital Investigations. Effectiveness of any Image Steganalysis
algorithm depends on feature selection and feature reduction. The goal of this paper is to develop
a reduced dimensional merged feature set for universal image steganalysis using Fisher Criterion
and ANOVA techniques. Statistical features extracted from wavelet subbands and binary
similarity patterns extracted from DCT of an image are merged to make combined feature set.
Fisher criterion and ANOVA test are applied to evaluate the combined feature vector score and
then only those features are selected which are found sensitive in both feature selection methods.
These reduced dimensional 15-D feature vector is used to train SVM classifier with RBF kernel.
The proposed algorithm is tested against steganography methods like F5, Outguess and LSB
based method. Stego images are generated using widely available stego tools for two standard
image databases: CorelDraw and BSDS500. Results are further validated using 10 fold cross
validation process. The proposed algorithm achieves overall 97% detection accuracy against
various steganography methods
Object extraction using edge, motion and saliency information from videoseSAT Journals
Abstract Object detection is a process of finding the instances of object of a certain class which is useful in analysis of video or image. There are number of algorithms have been developed so far for object detection. Object detection has got significant role in variety of areas of computer vision like video surveillance, image retrieval`. In this paper presented an efficient algorithm for moving object extraction using edge, motion and saliency information from videos. Out methodology includes 4 stages: Frame generation, Pre-processing, Foreground generation and integration of cues. Foreground generation includes edge detection using sobel edge detection algorithm, motion detection using pixel-based absolute difference algorithm and motion saliency detection. Conditional Random Field (CRF) is applied for integration of cues and thus we get better spatial information of segmented object. Keywords: Object detection, Saliency information, Sobel edge detection, CRF.
A new block cipher for image encryption based on multi chaotic systemsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a new algorithm for image encryption is proposed based on three chaotic systems which are Chen system,logistic map and two-dimensional (2D) Arnold cat map. First, a permutation scheme is applied to the image, and then shuffled image is partitioned into blocks of pixels. For each block, Chen system is employed for confusion and then logistic map is employed for generating subsititution-box (S-box) to substitute image blocks. The S-box is dynamic, where it is shuffled for each image block using permutation operation. Then, 2D Arnold cat map is used for providing diffusion, after that XORing the result using Chen system to obtain the encrypted image.The high security of proposed algorithm is experimented using histograms, unified average changing intensity (UACI), number of pixels change rate (NPCR), entropy, correlation and keyspace analyses.
Flag segmentation, feature extraction & identification using support vector m...R M Shahidul Islam Shahed
Develop a system that can identify flags embedded in photos of natural scenes.
Develop a system that can segment a flag portion automatically accurately.
Reduce the identification time and produce a good result.
Apply Support Vector Machine(SVM) to generate the correct Result.
ANOVA and Fisher Criterion based Feature Selection for Lower Dimensional Univ...CSCJournals
Unethical uses of data hiding methods have made Image Steganalysis a very important area of
research work in the field of Digital Investigations. Effectiveness of any Image Steganalysis
algorithm depends on feature selection and feature reduction. The goal of this paper is to develop
a reduced dimensional merged feature set for universal image steganalysis using Fisher Criterion
and ANOVA techniques. Statistical features extracted from wavelet subbands and binary
similarity patterns extracted from DCT of an image are merged to make combined feature set.
Fisher criterion and ANOVA test are applied to evaluate the combined feature vector score and
then only those features are selected which are found sensitive in both feature selection methods.
These reduced dimensional 15-D feature vector is used to train SVM classifier with RBF kernel.
The proposed algorithm is tested against steganography methods like F5, Outguess and LSB
based method. Stego images are generated using widely available stego tools for two standard
image databases: CorelDraw and BSDS500. Results are further validated using 10 fold cross
validation process. The proposed algorithm achieves overall 97% detection accuracy against
various steganography methods
Object extraction using edge, motion and saliency information from videoseSAT Journals
Abstract Object detection is a process of finding the instances of object of a certain class which is useful in analysis of video or image. There are number of algorithms have been developed so far for object detection. Object detection has got significant role in variety of areas of computer vision like video surveillance, image retrieval`. In this paper presented an efficient algorithm for moving object extraction using edge, motion and saliency information from videos. Out methodology includes 4 stages: Frame generation, Pre-processing, Foreground generation and integration of cues. Foreground generation includes edge detection using sobel edge detection algorithm, motion detection using pixel-based absolute difference algorithm and motion saliency detection. Conditional Random Field (CRF) is applied for integration of cues and thus we get better spatial information of segmented object. Keywords: Object detection, Saliency information, Sobel edge detection, CRF.
A new block cipher for image encryption based on multi chaotic systemsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a new algorithm for image encryption is proposed based on three chaotic systems which are Chen system,logistic map and two-dimensional (2D) Arnold cat map. First, a permutation scheme is applied to the image, and then shuffled image is partitioned into blocks of pixels. For each block, Chen system is employed for confusion and then logistic map is employed for generating subsititution-box (S-box) to substitute image blocks. The S-box is dynamic, where it is shuffled for each image block using permutation operation. Then, 2D Arnold cat map is used for providing diffusion, after that XORing the result using Chen system to obtain the encrypted image.The high security of proposed algorithm is experimented using histograms, unified average changing intensity (UACI), number of pixels change rate (NPCR), entropy, correlation and keyspace analyses.
Flag segmentation, feature extraction & identification using support vector m...R M Shahidul Islam Shahed
Develop a system that can identify flags embedded in photos of natural scenes.
Develop a system that can segment a flag portion automatically accurately.
Reduce the identification time and produce a good result.
Apply Support Vector Machine(SVM) to generate the correct Result.
Textual information in images constitutes a very rich source of high-level semantics for retrieval and indexing. In this paper, a new approach is proposed using Cellular Automata (CA) which strives towards identifying scene text on natural images. Initially, a binary edge map is calculated. Then, taking advantage of the CA flexibility, the transition rules are changing and are applied in four consecutive steps resulting in four time steps CA evolution. Finally, a post-processing technique based on edge projection analysis is employed for high density edge images concerning the elimination of possible false positives. Evaluation results indicate considerable performance gains without sacrificing text detection accuracy.
A Review on Classification Based Approaches for STEGanalysis DetectionEditor IJCATR
This paper presents two scenarios of image steganalysis, in first scenario, an alternative feature set for steganalysis based on
rate-distortion characteristics of images. Here features are based on two key observations: i) Data embedding typically increases the
image entropy in order to encode the hidden messages; ii) Data embedding methods are limited to the set of small, imperceptible distortions.
The proposed feature set is used as the basis of a steganalysis algorithm and its performance is investigated using different
data hiding methods. In second scenario, a new blind approach of image Steganalysis based on contourlet transform and nonlinear
support vector machine. Properties of Contourlet transform are used to extract features of images, the important aspect of this paper is
that, it uses the minimum number of features in the transform domain and gives a better accuracy than many of the existing stegananlysis
methods. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated through experimental results. Also its performance is compared
with the Contourlet based steganalyzer (WBS). Finally, the results show that the proposed method is very efficient in terms of its detection
accuracy and computational cost.
JPM1407 Exposing Digital Image Forgeries by Illumination Color Classificationchennaijp
JP INFOTECH is one of the leading Matlab projects provider in Chennai having experience faculties. We have list of image processing projects as our own and also we can make projects based on your own base paper concept also.
For more details:
http://jpinfotech.org/final-year-ieee-projects/2014-ieee-projects/matlab-projects/
Color Particle Filter Tracking using Frame Segmentation based on JND Color an...IOSRJVSP
Object tracking is one of the most important components in numerous applications of computer vision. Color can provide an efficient visual feature for tracking non-rigid objects in real-time. The color is chosen as tracking feature to make the process scale and rotation invariant. The color of an object can vary over time due to variations in the illumination conditions, the visual angle and the camera parameters. This paper presents the integration of color distributions into particle filtering. The color feature is extracted using our novel 4D color histogram of the image, which is determined using JND color similarity threshold and connectivity of the neighboring pixels. Particle filter tracks several hypotheses simultaneously and weighs them according to their similarity to the target model. The popular Bhattacharyya coefficient is used as similarity measure between two color distributions. The tracking results are compared on the basis of precision over the data set of video sequences from the website http://visualtracking.net of CVPR13 bench marking paper. The proposed tracker yields better precision values as compared to previous reported results
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Intrusion Detection Model using Self Organizing Maps.Tushar Shinde
Proposed Model:
[I] Pre-processing of server logs:
Our web-site server log file analyser performs the following steps when provided with a log file:
1) It scans the entries in the log files to help identify unique visitor’s sessions.
2) For each identified sessions, the analyser has to examine its key matching features to generate the session’s dimensional feature-vector representation.
[II] Session identification:
In this process of dividing a web-site server access log enters into sessions. Session identification is performed by:
1) Grouping all HTTP requests on web-sites that originate from the same IP address that matches the visitor and also are described by the same user-agent strings.
2) By applying a timeout approach to divide into unique sessions to avoid any mishaps.
[III] Dataset labelling:
labels each feature-vector as belonging to one of the following four categories:
1. Human visitor’s normal Known.
2. well-behaved web-site attackers.
3. malicious attackers.
4. unknown visitors unidentified.
Thus, allow a better understanding of the cluster’s nature and significance results can be generated.
Techniques:
SOM Algorithm, NNtool, MATLAB, WEKA toolkit, KDD Data-set.
Detection and Tracking of Moving Object: A SurveyIJERA Editor
Object tracking is the process of locating moving object or multiple objects in sequence of frames. Object
tracking is basically a challenging problem. Difficulties in tracking of an object may arise due to abrupt changes
in environment, motion of object, noise etc. To overcome such problems different tracking algorithms have been
proposed. This paper presents various techniques related to object detection and tracking..The goal of this paper
is to present a survey of these techniques.
A Novel GA-SVM Model For Vehicles And Pedestrial Classification In Videosijtsrd
The paper presents a novel algorithm for object classification in videos based on improved support vector machine (SVM) and genetic algorithm. One of the problems of support vector machine is selection of the appropriate parameters for the kernel. This has affected the accuracy of the SVM over the years. This research aims at optimizing the SVM Radial Basis kernel parameters using the genetic algorithm. Moving object classification is a requirement in smart visual surveillance systems as it allows the system to know the kind of object in the scene and be able to recognize the actions the object can perform. This paper presents an GA-SVM machine learning approach for real time object classification in videos. Radial distance signal features are extracted from the silhouettes of object detected in videos. The radial distance signals features are then normalized and fed into the GA-SVM model. The classification rate of 99.39% is achieved with the genetically trained SVM algorithm while 99.1% classification accuracy is achieved with the normal SVM. A comparison of this classifier with some other classifiers in terms of classification accuracy shows a better performance than other classifiers such as the normal SVM, Artificial neural network (ANN), Genetic Artificial neural network (GANN), K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) and K-Means classifiers. Akintola Kolawole G."A Novel GA-SVM Model For Vehicles And Pedestrial Classification In Videos" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd109.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/109/a-novel-ga-svm-model-for-vehicles-and-pedestrial-classification-in-videos/akintola-kolawole-g
Design Approach for a Novel Traffic Sign Recognition System by Using LDA and ...IJERA Editor
This research paper highlights the problems that are encountered in a typical Traffic Sign Recognition System
like incorrect interpretation of a particular traffic sign which is observed by a driver while driving a vehicle
causing misunderstanding thereby resulting in road accidents. The visibility is affected by many environmental
factors such as smoke, rain, fog, humid weather, dust etc. and it is very difficult to understand the traffic signs in
this situations, causing misinterpretations of the particular traffic sign and resulting in road accidents. In order to
avoid this condition, a novel method of recognizing traffic signs is developed which take into consideration the
color and shape of the traffic sign. A algorithm called as Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is used for
classification of different groups of traffic signs which are predefined by a particular set of features after the
process of Image Segmentation. The images are segmented by using the color and shape features of an image
and the features are extracted by using the Haar Transform and then the classification of images is done by using
Linear Discriminant Analysis Algorithm. Finally the GUI of traffic sign images is prepared by using the
software tool called as MATLAB.Our main objective is to recognize partially occluded traffic signs in a cloudy
environment by using LDA and to make an efficient Traffic Sign Detection system which will be capable of
recognizing and classifying any kind of known traffic sign from the other traffic signs by considering the color
and shape of the traffic sign on the basis of supervised classification of the training data so that any error which
results in a faulty detection or incorrect detection of traffic sign can be eliminated.
Automatic detection and recognition of traffic signs is an essential part of automated driver assistance systems which contribute to the safety of the drivers, pedestrians and vehicles. This paper presents the advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) based on Raspberry pi for traffic sign detection, recognition and annunciation. Such a system presents a vital support for driver assistance in an intelligent automotive. The proposed algorithm is implemented in a real time embedded system using OpenCV library. Proposed method introduced a new method for detection and recognition of traffic signs. Firstly, Potential traffic signs regions are detected by colour segmentation method, then classified using HOG features and a linear SVM classifier to identify the traffic sign class. The proposed system shows good recognition rate under complex challenging lighting and weather conditions. Experimental results on the accuracy of the road sign detection are reported in this paper.
TRAFFIC-SIGN RECOGNITION FOR AN INTELLIGENT VEHICLE/DRIVER ASSISTANT SYSTEM U...cseij
In order to be deployed in driving environments, Intelligent transport system (ITS) must be able to
recognize and respond to exceptional road conditions such as traffic signs, highway work zones and
imminent road works automatically. Recognition of traffic sign is playing a vital role in the intelligent
transport system, it enhances traffic safety by providing drivers with safety and precaution information
about road hazards. To recognize the traffic sign, the system has been proposed with three phases. They
are Traffic board Detection, Feature extraction and Recognition. The detection phase consists of RGBbased
colour thresholding and shape analysis, which offers robustness to differences in lighting situations.
A Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) technique was adopted to extract the features from the
segmented output. Finally, traffic signs recognition is done by k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) classifiers. It
achieves an classification accuracy upto 63%.
Textual information in images constitutes a very rich source of high-level semantics for retrieval and indexing. In this paper, a new approach is proposed using Cellular Automata (CA) which strives towards identifying scene text on natural images. Initially, a binary edge map is calculated. Then, taking advantage of the CA flexibility, the transition rules are changing and are applied in four consecutive steps resulting in four time steps CA evolution. Finally, a post-processing technique based on edge projection analysis is employed for high density edge images concerning the elimination of possible false positives. Evaluation results indicate considerable performance gains without sacrificing text detection accuracy.
A Review on Classification Based Approaches for STEGanalysis DetectionEditor IJCATR
This paper presents two scenarios of image steganalysis, in first scenario, an alternative feature set for steganalysis based on
rate-distortion characteristics of images. Here features are based on two key observations: i) Data embedding typically increases the
image entropy in order to encode the hidden messages; ii) Data embedding methods are limited to the set of small, imperceptible distortions.
The proposed feature set is used as the basis of a steganalysis algorithm and its performance is investigated using different
data hiding methods. In second scenario, a new blind approach of image Steganalysis based on contourlet transform and nonlinear
support vector machine. Properties of Contourlet transform are used to extract features of images, the important aspect of this paper is
that, it uses the minimum number of features in the transform domain and gives a better accuracy than many of the existing stegananlysis
methods. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated through experimental results. Also its performance is compared
with the Contourlet based steganalyzer (WBS). Finally, the results show that the proposed method is very efficient in terms of its detection
accuracy and computational cost.
JPM1407 Exposing Digital Image Forgeries by Illumination Color Classificationchennaijp
JP INFOTECH is one of the leading Matlab projects provider in Chennai having experience faculties. We have list of image processing projects as our own and also we can make projects based on your own base paper concept also.
For more details:
http://jpinfotech.org/final-year-ieee-projects/2014-ieee-projects/matlab-projects/
Color Particle Filter Tracking using Frame Segmentation based on JND Color an...IOSRJVSP
Object tracking is one of the most important components in numerous applications of computer vision. Color can provide an efficient visual feature for tracking non-rigid objects in real-time. The color is chosen as tracking feature to make the process scale and rotation invariant. The color of an object can vary over time due to variations in the illumination conditions, the visual angle and the camera parameters. This paper presents the integration of color distributions into particle filtering. The color feature is extracted using our novel 4D color histogram of the image, which is determined using JND color similarity threshold and connectivity of the neighboring pixels. Particle filter tracks several hypotheses simultaneously and weighs them according to their similarity to the target model. The popular Bhattacharyya coefficient is used as similarity measure between two color distributions. The tracking results are compared on the basis of precision over the data set of video sequences from the website http://visualtracking.net of CVPR13 bench marking paper. The proposed tracker yields better precision values as compared to previous reported results
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Intrusion Detection Model using Self Organizing Maps.Tushar Shinde
Proposed Model:
[I] Pre-processing of server logs:
Our web-site server log file analyser performs the following steps when provided with a log file:
1) It scans the entries in the log files to help identify unique visitor’s sessions.
2) For each identified sessions, the analyser has to examine its key matching features to generate the session’s dimensional feature-vector representation.
[II] Session identification:
In this process of dividing a web-site server access log enters into sessions. Session identification is performed by:
1) Grouping all HTTP requests on web-sites that originate from the same IP address that matches the visitor and also are described by the same user-agent strings.
2) By applying a timeout approach to divide into unique sessions to avoid any mishaps.
[III] Dataset labelling:
labels each feature-vector as belonging to one of the following four categories:
1. Human visitor’s normal Known.
2. well-behaved web-site attackers.
3. malicious attackers.
4. unknown visitors unidentified.
Thus, allow a better understanding of the cluster’s nature and significance results can be generated.
Techniques:
SOM Algorithm, NNtool, MATLAB, WEKA toolkit, KDD Data-set.
Detection and Tracking of Moving Object: A SurveyIJERA Editor
Object tracking is the process of locating moving object or multiple objects in sequence of frames. Object
tracking is basically a challenging problem. Difficulties in tracking of an object may arise due to abrupt changes
in environment, motion of object, noise etc. To overcome such problems different tracking algorithms have been
proposed. This paper presents various techniques related to object detection and tracking..The goal of this paper
is to present a survey of these techniques.
A Novel GA-SVM Model For Vehicles And Pedestrial Classification In Videosijtsrd
The paper presents a novel algorithm for object classification in videos based on improved support vector machine (SVM) and genetic algorithm. One of the problems of support vector machine is selection of the appropriate parameters for the kernel. This has affected the accuracy of the SVM over the years. This research aims at optimizing the SVM Radial Basis kernel parameters using the genetic algorithm. Moving object classification is a requirement in smart visual surveillance systems as it allows the system to know the kind of object in the scene and be able to recognize the actions the object can perform. This paper presents an GA-SVM machine learning approach for real time object classification in videos. Radial distance signal features are extracted from the silhouettes of object detected in videos. The radial distance signals features are then normalized and fed into the GA-SVM model. The classification rate of 99.39% is achieved with the genetically trained SVM algorithm while 99.1% classification accuracy is achieved with the normal SVM. A comparison of this classifier with some other classifiers in terms of classification accuracy shows a better performance than other classifiers such as the normal SVM, Artificial neural network (ANN), Genetic Artificial neural network (GANN), K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) and K-Means classifiers. Akintola Kolawole G."A Novel GA-SVM Model For Vehicles And Pedestrial Classification In Videos" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd109.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/109/a-novel-ga-svm-model-for-vehicles-and-pedestrial-classification-in-videos/akintola-kolawole-g
Design Approach for a Novel Traffic Sign Recognition System by Using LDA and ...IJERA Editor
This research paper highlights the problems that are encountered in a typical Traffic Sign Recognition System
like incorrect interpretation of a particular traffic sign which is observed by a driver while driving a vehicle
causing misunderstanding thereby resulting in road accidents. The visibility is affected by many environmental
factors such as smoke, rain, fog, humid weather, dust etc. and it is very difficult to understand the traffic signs in
this situations, causing misinterpretations of the particular traffic sign and resulting in road accidents. In order to
avoid this condition, a novel method of recognizing traffic signs is developed which take into consideration the
color and shape of the traffic sign. A algorithm called as Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is used for
classification of different groups of traffic signs which are predefined by a particular set of features after the
process of Image Segmentation. The images are segmented by using the color and shape features of an image
and the features are extracted by using the Haar Transform and then the classification of images is done by using
Linear Discriminant Analysis Algorithm. Finally the GUI of traffic sign images is prepared by using the
software tool called as MATLAB.Our main objective is to recognize partially occluded traffic signs in a cloudy
environment by using LDA and to make an efficient Traffic Sign Detection system which will be capable of
recognizing and classifying any kind of known traffic sign from the other traffic signs by considering the color
and shape of the traffic sign on the basis of supervised classification of the training data so that any error which
results in a faulty detection or incorrect detection of traffic sign can be eliminated.
Automatic detection and recognition of traffic signs is an essential part of automated driver assistance systems which contribute to the safety of the drivers, pedestrians and vehicles. This paper presents the advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) based on Raspberry pi for traffic sign detection, recognition and annunciation. Such a system presents a vital support for driver assistance in an intelligent automotive. The proposed algorithm is implemented in a real time embedded system using OpenCV library. Proposed method introduced a new method for detection and recognition of traffic signs. Firstly, Potential traffic signs regions are detected by colour segmentation method, then classified using HOG features and a linear SVM classifier to identify the traffic sign class. The proposed system shows good recognition rate under complex challenging lighting and weather conditions. Experimental results on the accuracy of the road sign detection are reported in this paper.
TRAFFIC-SIGN RECOGNITION FOR AN INTELLIGENT VEHICLE/DRIVER ASSISTANT SYSTEM U...cseij
In order to be deployed in driving environments, Intelligent transport system (ITS) must be able to
recognize and respond to exceptional road conditions such as traffic signs, highway work zones and
imminent road works automatically. Recognition of traffic sign is playing a vital role in the intelligent
transport system, it enhances traffic safety by providing drivers with safety and precaution information
about road hazards. To recognize the traffic sign, the system has been proposed with three phases. They
are Traffic board Detection, Feature extraction and Recognition. The detection phase consists of RGBbased
colour thresholding and shape analysis, which offers robustness to differences in lighting situations.
A Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) technique was adopted to extract the features from the
segmented output. Finally, traffic signs recognition is done by k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) classifiers. It
achieves an classification accuracy upto 63%.
Traffic Light Detection for Red Light Violation Systemijtsrd
The goal of Red Light Violation Detection System RLVDS is to track down vehicles that violated traffic regulations using surveillance cameras and image processing techniques. A complete automated red light runner detection algorithm that satisfies real time requirement and gives higher accuracy have been developed. The system detects simultaneously a traffic light sequence, stop line and detection region to detect moving vehicles and capture the vehicles beyond the stop line while the light is red and finally generates the red light running vehicle images with date and time information. In this paper, we propose a traffic light detection algorithm which is one of the processes of automated red light runner detection system. The proposed traffic light detection system includes four steps color space conversion based on RGB color space, some regions are extracted as candidates of a traffic light and morphological operation is applied to eliminate disturbance in the environment that can interfere with the traffic light states. Then, the types of traffic signals are judged by calculating image moments and the results of experiment show that the system is stable and reliable. Thwe War War Zaw | Ohnmar Win ""Traffic Light Detection for Red Light Violation System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25185.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/25185/traffic-light-detection-for-red-light-violation-system/thwe-war-war-zaw
License Plate Recognition using Morphological Operation. Amitava Choudhury
This paper describes an efficient technique of locating and
extracting license plate and recognizing each segmented
character. The proposed model can be subdivided into four
parts- Digitization of image, Edge Detection, Separation of
characters and Template Matching. In this work, we propose a
method which is based on morphological operations where
different Structuring Elements (SE) are used to maximally
eliminate non-plate region and enhance plate region.
Character segmentation is done using Connected Component
Analysis. Correlation based template matching technique is
used for recognition of characters. This system is
implemented using MATLAB7.4.0. The proposed system is
mainly applicable to Indian License Plates.
Enhancement performance of road recognition system of autonomous robots in sh...sipij
Road region recognition is a main feature that is gaining increasing attention from intellectuals because it
helps autonomous vehicle to achieve a successful navigation without accident. However, different
techniques based on camera sensor have been used by various researchers and outstanding results have
been achieved. Despite their success, environmental noise like shadow leads to inaccurate recognition of
road region which eventually leads to accident for autonomous vehicle. In this research, we conducted an
investigation on shadow and its effects, optimized the road region recognition system of autonomous
vehicle by introducing an algorithm capable of detecting and eliminating the effects of shadow. The
experimental performance of our system was tested and compared using the following schemes: Total
Positive Rate (TPR), False Negative Rate (FNR), Total Negative Rate (TNR), Error Rate (ERR) and False
Positive Rate (FPR). The performance result of the system improved on road recognition in shadow
scenario and this advancement has added tremendously to successful navigation approaches for
autonomous vehicle.
Vehicle License Plate Recognition (VLPR) is an important system for harmonious traffic. Moreover this system is helpful in many fields and places as private and public entrances, parking lots, border control and theft control. This paper presents a new framework for Sudanese VLPR system. The proposed framework uses Multi Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) and Connected Component Analysis (CCA) to extract the license plate. Horizontal and vertical projection will be used for character segmentation and the final recognition stage is based on the Artificial Immune System (AIS). A new dataset that contains samples for the current shape of Sudanese license plates will be used for training and testing the proposes framework.
Character recognition of kannada text in scene images using neuralIAEME Publication
Character recognition in scene images is one of the most fascinating and challenging
areas of pattern recognition with various practical application potentials. It can contribute
immensely to the advancement of an automation process and can improve the interface
between man and machine in many applications. Some practical application potentials of
character recognition system are: reading aid for the blind, traffic guidance systems, tour
guide systems, location aware systems and many more. In this work, a novel method for
recognizing basic Kannada characters in natural scene images is proposed. The proposed
method uses zone wise horizontal and vertical profile based features of character images. The
method works in two phases. During training, zone wise vertical and horizontal profile based
features are extracted from training samples and neural network is trained. During testing, the
test image is processed to obtain features and recognized using neural network classifier. The
method has been evaluated on 490 Kannada character images captured from 2 Mega Pixels
cameras on mobile phones at various sizes 240x320, 600x800 and 900x1200, which contains
samples of different sizes, styles and with different degradations, and achieves an average
recognition accuracy of 92%. The system is efficient and insensitive to the variations in size
and font, noise, blur and other degradations.
A Novel Multiple License Plate Extraction Technique for Complex Background in...CSCJournals
License plate recognition (LPR) is one of the most important applications of applying computer techniques towards intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In order to recognize a license plate efficiently, location and extraction of the license plate is the key step. Hence finding the position of a license plate in a vehicle image is considered to be the most crucial step of an LPR system, and this in turn greatly affects the recognition rate and overall speed of the whole system. This paper mainly deals with the detecting license plate location issues in Indian traffic conditions. The vehicles in India sometimes bare extra textual regions such as owner’s name, symbols, popular sayings and advertisement boards in addition to license plate. Situation insists for accurate discrimination of text class and fine aspect ratio analysis. In addition to this additional care taken up in this paper is to extract license plate of motorcycle (size of plate is small and double row plate), car (single as well as double row type), transport system such as bus, truck, (dirty plates) as well as multiple license plates present in an image frame under consideration. Disparity of aspect ratios is a typical feature of Indian traffic. Proposed method aims at identifying region of interest by performing a sequence of directional segmentation and morphological processing. Always the first step is of contrast enhancement, which is accomplished by using sigmoid function. In the subsequent steps, connected component analysis followed by different filtering techniques like aspect ratio analysis and plate compatible filter technique is used to find exact license plate. The proposed method is tested on large database consisting of 750 images taken in different conditions. The algorithm could detect the license plate in 742 images with success rate of 99.2%.
A brawny multicolor lane detection method to indian scenarioseSAT Journals
Abstract Lane detection is an essential component of Advanced Driver Assistance System. The cognition on the roads is increasing day by day due to increase in the four wheelers on the road. The cognition coupled with ignorance towards road rules is contributing to road accidents. The lane marking violence is one of the major causes for accidents on highways in India. In this work we have designed and implemented an automatic lane marking violence detection algorithm in real time. The HSV color-segmentation based approach is verified for both white lanes and yellow lanes in Indian context. Various comparative experimental results show that the proposed approach is very effective in the lane detection and can be implemented in real- time. Index Terms: - Color segmentation; HSV; Edge orientation; connected components
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
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2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD27929 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 2368
II. RELATED WORKS
Vavili Andrey and Kang Hyun Jo [1] proposed the detection
and recognition algorithm for road signs of different
category. As color and shape of traffic symbol provides vital
information, they used the RGB color space to detect the
symbol. Again to fight with changing conditions due to
lighting and weather such as dark illumination, rainy and
foggy weather, two restriction rules are used. First rule is
bounding constraints for each color component which
provides good detection result in images in good lighting
condition. Second rule is using normalized colorinformation
and allows sign detection in dark images. Shape of
information sign is different from the shape of warning and
restricting sign. So the recognition process used here
depends upon the shape of sign. Sign candidate is extracted
from image and classified it as circle or triangle using
background shape histograms. Then inner part of the mask
is converted into binary mask and template matching
algorithm is used for final recognition. Particularly in this
paper, author tries to find out the innermeaningful partwith
the help of template matching.
The researcher applied their proposed algorithm for lane
limit detection to consider as new Region of Interest and
used a thresholding on each of HSV component. Then they
used a closed morphology operation and bounding box
characteristic (height, width, area) for all potential regions
[2].
Gunjan, C. and Dhotre, M. R. [3] presented a methodology
using both color and shape information for road sign
detection and recognition system. The detection is obtained
through color segmentation using HSV color space and the
shape properties of the road signs using Hough Transform.
In recognition phase, the regions of interest are represented
using Histogram of Oriented Gradients descriptors and are
fed into trained SVMs in order to be recognized and finally
the driver is alerted by providing voice indication of the
recognized sign.
Zakir,et al. [4] focused on detailed analysis of the
performance on six color spaces: CIELab, YCbCr, YIQ, CYMK,
RGB and HSV in color based segmentation or detection of
road signs. Experiments were carried out to determine the
best value ranges of individual color space components
when used in conjunction with segmenting red, green and
blue road signs under varying illumination and
environmental conditions. Results indicate thatthe most
robust segmentation performance is obtainedwhen HSV
colour space is used.
Woong-Jae Won, SungmoonJeong, and Minho Lee [5]
proposed new preprocessing method for detecting traffic
symbol based on visual salience map model. As the traffic
symbols have dominant color contrast against environment,
color information with center surround difference
normalization is used as an input feature extraction to
reduce the noise influence as well as intensify the color
characteristics. Edge feature map is used to reflect theshape
characteristics of traffic symbol. The weighted sum of color
feature map and edge feature map finally constructs traffic
symbol saliency map. The system detects candidate regions
as maximally stable external regions (MSERs), which offers
robustness to thevarious lightningconditions.Recognitionis
based on cascade of support vector machine (SVM)
classifiers that were trained using histogram oriented
gradient (HOG) features.Firstly,twoway integrationmethod
including both methods derived by task and methods
derived by data is used for segmentation, which improves
accuracy of detection. And then edge extraction and
morphological operations are used to obtain enclosed area.
The shape of enclosed area is determined by the circularity
and central double cross shape measurement in order to
detect the prohibition signs.
Romdhane et al. [6] calculated HOG features and used SVM
classifier for recognition traffic signs. They applied the
Lucas-Kanade tracker to find the traffic sign in the next
frame. In this work, they combined Gabor features, local
binary patterns and histogramoforiented gradientswithina
support vector machine classification framework.
III. BACKGROUND THEORY
RMTSRS has two phases: detectionand recognition.Intraffic
sign detection, each incoming frame is fed into computer
vision and segmented using RGB thresholding method and
applied morphological operation. If a traffic sign is detected,
it is bounded by a rectangular box. To extract features from
the detected traffic sign, HOG feature descriptor is used.And
then the extracted features are fed into the SVM classifier. In
this system, ordered signs, warning signs and prohibitory
signs are detected and classified.
A. Viola-Jones Object Detection Framework
The Viola–Jones object detection framework is the first
object detection framework to provide competitive object
detection rates in real-time proposed in 2001 by Paul Viola
and Michael Jones. To detect vision based object in real time,
this algorithm is used.
B. Color Segmentation using Threshold Method
Image segmentation is the process of separating orgrouping
an image into different parts. Color segmentation is used to
generate an image with foreground pixels and background
pixels using threshold ranges or algorithms about color
information such as red, green and blue and so on. Color
thresholding is used to divide pixels of an image into object
pixels and background pixels. A pixel is called object pixel if
its color is close enough to a reference color, if not it will be
background pixel [7]. In this process, thresholding based on
both RGB color method detects yellow color, blue color, and
red color traffic sign in the frame.
For describing an image, RGB (Red, Green, Blue) basic color
space is commonly used. RGB is three dimensional in its
nature whose values vary from 0 to 255. Pure red value is
represented by (255,0,0), pure green value by (0,255,0) and
pure blue value by (0,0,255). Each frame element is
classified according to its red, green, blue color. A pixel color
is considered as red, yellow or blue using the threshold
values.
Therefore, color segmentation algorithms have theability to
modify or manipulate the color values expressed by an
image. It is applied to filter out image regions thathavecolor
characteristics similar to the color found in one of the
specific colors known to the system. The threshold values
used for color segmentation on RGB color space are shown
in the following table.
Table 1 RGB threshold values
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD27929 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 2369
C. HOG Feature Extraction
In order to recognize the types of traffic sign, many methods
have been proposed for obtaining the feature vectors ofROI.
In this work, HOG feature descriptors is used to get feature
vectors for training SVM.
HOG feature vectors arecalculatedfor eachcandidateregion.
The HOG features are computed on a dense grid of cells
using local contrast normalization on overlapping blocks.
Each block, in turn, is divided into non overlappingcells.The
gradient orientation and magnitude are computed for each
pixel. A histogram of these orientations is formed for each
cell. The magnitude of the gradient is used as a vote weight.
The gradient magnitude and orientation is given by
Where G(x, y) is gradient magnitude, α(x, y) is gradient
direction, Gx(x, y) is horizontal gradient, and G y(x, y) is
vertical gradient.
A nine-bin histogram of unsigned pixel orientations
weighted by magnitude is created for each cell. These
histograms are normalized over eachoverlappingblock.The
components of the feature vector are the values from the
histogram of eachnormalized cell.image divided into cells
and an example HOG block that consists of four cells. The
size N of the HOG feature vector is computed using:
Where R is the region, M is the cell size, B is the number of
cells per block, and H is the number of histogram per cell.
In this proposed method, each potential traffic sign region is
normalized to 80×80 pixels. The HOG features are extracted
from each one of the local region. To compute HOG feature,a
candidate image is divided into cells with size 8 × 8 pixels
and blocks with size 2 × 2. A histogram of gradient
orientation with nine bins will be generated for each cell. In
the end, a feature vector will represent the HOG feature of
the candidate region.
D. Support Vector Machine (SVM)
SVM is a supervised machine learning algorithm which can
be used for both classification or regression analysis.SVMs
are used to extend our study of classifiers for TSR. The
algorithm attempts to separate the positive examples of
negative examples. The basic concept of SVM is to transform
the input vectors to a higher dimensional space by a
nonlinear transform, and then an optical hyperplane that
separates the data, can be found.
This hyperplane should have the best generalization
capability. In many cases, the data cannot be separated by a
linear function. The use of a kernel function becomes
essential in these cases.Three admissible kernel functions
are
Polynomial kernel of degree h
Gaussian radial basis function kernel
Sigmoid kernel
Gaussian radial basis function kernel for training and
classification will make prediction accuracy highest. The
form of kernel function is as follows:
Where: ||x-y||2 is the squared Euclidean distance between
the two feature vectors. σ is the free parameter.
SVM is designed to solve a binary classification problem.
However, for a road sign inventory problem, which is a
multiple classification problem, classification is
accomplished through combinations of binary classification
problems. There are two ways to do that: one vs. one or one
vs. all.
Finally, a SVM will be trained for each class, and SVMs of all
classes are combined to form a multiclass SVM.
IV. DESIGN OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
The design of the proposed system is shown in Figure
The incoming video stream is fed into the computer vision.
Then each frame is segmented to separate foregroundpixels
and background pixels using threshold ranges. After
segmentation, closed morphology operation and bounding
box characteristics (height, width, area) are used for all
potential regions. Then the traffic sign is detected and if it is
found, it is bounded by a rectangle and then cropped from
incoming frame.
After getting the detected traffic sign, its features are
extracted using HOG feature descriptor. Then the feature
vector is fed to SVM classifier. In SVM, it matches between
the features of the detected sign and the traffic signs stored
in the database. Finally, the recognized traffic sign is shown.
Fig.2.The Flow Chart of the Proposed System
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD27929 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 2370
V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In this paper, incoming video stream that is tested in this
experimental is detected whether it contains traffic sign of
not. If it detects traffic sign, feature extraction and
Classification processes are performed. For the three types
of sign, 20 times for each type are tested in the experiment.
The 220 Myanmar traffic sign images are trained according
to color groups consisting of red, yellow and blue.Alltrained
images are taken using smart phone and it consists of all
variety of traffic signs of warning sign, prohibitory sign, and
ordered sign.
In this experiment, RMTSRS detects the incoming video
stream. A traffic sign is detected and so it is segmented to
separate foreground pixels and background pixels using
color ranges. In color segmentation, thresholding, closed
morphology operation and bounding box are applied to find
the region of interest in the stream.
The color information of traffic signs in this stream is blue.
Images obtained by using threshold ranges for color
segmentation is shown in Figure 3.
Fig.3. Traffic sign obtained by using color segmentation
Then, closed morphology operation and bounding box
characteristic are used to get only traffic sign region. Figure
4 shows the detectedtraffic signaftermorphology operation.
Fig.4. Result of detected traffic sign
Then, the candidate sign is detected and bounded by a
rectangle. Figure 5 shows the final detection results by the
proposed detection method.
Fig.5. Final DetectionResult
After detecting the traffic sign, the detected traffic sign is
cropped from the frame and it is resized to 80×80 pixels for
recognizing types of traffic sign. From the resized sign, the
features are extracted HOG feature descriptor. That features
are fed into the SVM classifier in order to classify the sign.
Finally, the SVM shows the recognized traffic sign. The
resized image and HOG featured images are illustrated as
shown in Figure 6.
(a) (b)
Fig.6. (a) Resized Image (b) HOG featured image
The proposed system for traffic sign recognition attains a
classification accuracy of 98%.
Fig.9. Recognition Result
VI. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, RMTSRS for Myanmar traffic sign (red, yellow
and blue color) is proposed. In this proposed system, a very
simple and accurate detection method is used. And SVM
classifies the detected signs with accurate featureextraction
algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the
proposedsystemis strongagainstnon-uniformilluminations
of traffic signs. The proposed recognition system can be
extended to detect and recognize the road signs in complex
background scenario by using high definition video camera.
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD27929 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 2371
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