This document provides an overview of Philippine history, highlighting its meaning, importance, and relevance to contemporary society. It distinguishes between primary and secondary sources, along with internal and external criticisms of historical data. The role of repositories of primary sources in preserving cultural heritage and collective memory is emphasized, particularly the National Archives of the Philippines.

1. READINGS IN
READINGS IN
PHILIPPINE
PHILIPPINE
HISTORY
HISTORY
CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

2. History, Its
Meaning,
Importance and
Relevance
The Difference
Between Internal
and External
Critism
Repositories of
Primary Sources
CONTENTS
CONTENTS

11. It’s Meaning, Importance and Relevance
It’s Meaning, Importance and Relevance
HISTORY:
LESSON 1

12. History?

13. Meaning of History
The word History is derived from the
Greek term “historia” which means
“inquiry or research”.

14. Meaning of History
The word History is derived from the
Greek term “historia” which means
“inquiry or research”.

15. Meaning of History
the term history refers to accounts or
inquiries of events that happened in
the past and are narrated in a
chronological order.

16. Meaning of History
According to Aristotle, regarded as
the father of logic, history is a
systematic account of a set of natural
phenomena which are arranged in
the chronological order.

17. Meaning of History
The great historians Thucydides and
Herodotus (Father of History)
defined history as learning inquiry
about the past of mankind.

18. Meaning of History
E.H. Carr likewise defines history as a
never-ending dialogue of events
between the past and the present.

19. Meaning of History
Will Durant stated that history is a
narrative of events of what civilized
men have thought and done in the
past.

20. Meaning of History
In other words of Jawaharlal Nehru,
the theme of history should be that of
man’s growth from barbarism to
civilization.

21. helps the person or the government
avoid the pitfalls of the present by
knowing the rise and fall of the
rulers, government and empires.
makes person’s life richer and fuller by
giving meaning to the books he reads
(especially history books, the cities
and metropolis he visits and the
cultural performances he hears and
listens to)
broaden the person’s outlook by
learning and understanding the various
races, cultures, idiosyncrasies, habits,
rituals, ceremonies, etc. of the making
of contemporary society out of the
diverse forces of the past.
IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY
IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY
helps every person to draw
conclusion from the past events
helping the person to understand
himself by being acquainted with
other people.

22. helps social and political scientists or
researchers engaged in research as for
example a political researcher doing a
research on federal form of
government has to draw his data from
the materials of history and finally,
history preserve the cultural values of a
nation because it guides society in a
confronting various crisis. As Allen
Nerins puts it, history is like a bridge that
connects the past with the present and
“pointing the road to the future”.
enable the person to grasp his
relationship with the past, such as
to who ordered the killing of
Ninoy Aquino or why China insists
on occupying territories claimed
by the Philippines--and because
of the events, one has to turn to
history for a complete answer.
IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY
IMPORTANCE OF HISTORY

23. Relevance of Studying
Relevance of Studying
Philippine History
Philippine History

24. The answer to their unending questions is
The answer to their unending questions is
that "history is inescapable," according to
that "history is inescapable," according to
Penelope J. Carfield. The saying "all
Penelope J. Carfield. The saying "all
people are living histories - which is why
people are living histories - which is why
history matters" is true in this case. It is not
history matters" is true in this case. It is not
a "dead subject, as some believed.
a "dead subject, as some believed.
History connects things through time and
History connects things through time and
the students are encouraged to take a
the students are encouraged to take a
long view of such connections. An
long view of such connections. An
example is the legacies of the past is
example is the legacies of the past is
connected to the present so as to
connected to the present so as to
determine what comes in the future.
determine what comes in the future.
Some students enrolled in Philippine History
Some students enrolled in Philippine History
subject often asked the question
subject often asked the question
What is the use or relevance of studying
What is the use or relevance of studying
Philippine History? It is just an additional
Philippine History? It is just an additional
payment for an additional 3-unit core subject.
payment for an additional 3-unit core subject.
Why are we concerned about what
Why are we concerned about what
happened a long time ago?
happened a long time ago?
Relevance of Studying Philippine History
Relevance of Studying Philippine History

25. To understand the linkage between the past and present
To understand the linkage between the past and present
is to have a better group of the condition of being human.
is to have a better group of the condition of being human.
All human beings are living histories.
All human beings are living histories.
For example, the human species speak languages, that
For example, the human species speak languages, that
are inherited from the past.
are inherited from the past.
They use technologies that they have not themselves
They use technologies that they have not themselves
invested. Thus, an individual is born of an inherited
invested. Thus, an individual is born of an inherited
"genetic template" which has evolved during his lifespan.
"genetic template" which has evolved during his lifespan.
Thus, the study of Philippine history is not only relevant, it
Thus, the study of Philippine history is not only relevant, it
is also useful and essential.
is also useful and essential.
Relevance of Studying Philippine History
Relevance of Studying Philippine History

26. Understanding Philippine history is essential to a
Understanding Philippine history is essential to a
good understanding of the condition of being
good understanding of the condition of being
human. People build, people destroy, and people
human. People build, people destroy, and people
change. Neither of these options can be
change. Neither of these options can be
understood well without understanding the context
understood well without understanding the context
and starting point of all these. All human beings live
and starting point of all these. All human beings live
in the here and now, but it took a long unfolding
in the here and now, but it took a long unfolding
history to get enough to "NOW.”
history to get enough to "NOW.”
Relevance of Studying Philippine History
Relevance of Studying Philippine History

27. Distinction Between
Distinction Between
Primary and Secondary Sources
Primary and Secondary Sources

28. direct firsthand evidences
regarding an object, person,
or work of art.
Primary Sources
They include historical and legal
documents, eyewitness accounts,
results, experiments, statistical
data, pieces of creative writing,
audio, video recordings, speeches,
and art objects.
They also include interviews, surveys,
fieldwork, and Internet
communications via email, blogs,
listservs, and newsgroups.

29. Primary Sources
Artifacts

30. Primary Sources
Artifacts

31. Primary Sources
Photographs

32. Primary Sources
Work of Art

33. describe, discuss, interpret, comment
upon, analyze, evaluate, summarize,
and process primary sources.
Secondary Sources
Secondary source materials are those that
can be found in newspapers or popular
magazines, book or movie reviews, or articles
written in scholarly iournals that discuss or
evaluate someone else's original research.

34. Secondary Sources
Dictionaries Newspapers Books

35. The Difference between
The Difference between
Internal and External Criticisms
Internal and External Criticisms
LESSON 2

36. DUTERTE IS DEAD!!

37. “arrival of 300 military
vehicles and 20,000 US
and UK soldiers in the
Philippines.”

42. FAKE HISTORY!!

43. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CRITICISMS
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CRITICISMS
looks within the data itself to try to
determine truth -- facts and
"reasonable" interpretation.
Internal Criticisms
It includes looking at the apparent or
possible motives of the person
providing the data
used to assess the reliability and
legitimacy of historical sources.

44. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CRITICISMS
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CRITICISMS
External Criticisms
External criticism applies
"science to a document."
It involves such physical and technical tests as
dating of paper a document is written on, but
it also involves a knowledge of when certain
things existed or were possible
Authentic historical Sources

46. Understanding the difference between an internal and external
criticism is of vital importance for all people since falling to do
this may lead in to unfocused conversations where
topic of investigation is never sufficiently addressed due to the
ever-elusive objective. It is important therefore to focus the
conversation by identifying what type of objection you have or
else are confronted with and, as a result, you will be in a better
position for having more fruitful conversations with those whom
you may disagree with.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CRITICISMS
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CRITICISMS

47. Repositories
Repositories
of
of
Primary Sources
Primary Sources
LESSON 3

48. The main task of preserving and making the primary source
of information on Philippine history accessible to the public
lies on the National Archives of the Philippines. The
documents, records, and other primary sources
are basic components of cultural heritage and collective
memory -- the embodiment of community identities as well
as testaments to shared national experiences. Presently, it
is the home of about 60 million documents from the
centuries of Spanish rule in the Philippines, the American
and Japanese occupations, as well as the years of the
Republic.
Repositories of Primary Sources
Repositories of Primary Sources

49. local repositories of primary sources could be found in museums of provinces,
cities, and municipalities in the locality.
Repositories of Primary Sources
Repositories of Primary Sources
The Archiver is created by Republic Act 9470 on May 21, 2017. This new law
strengthened the record-keeping systems and administration program for archival materials
as it is the final repository for the voluminous notarized documents in the country.

50. For Republic Acts and other legislative enactments or statutes, the repositories are the
Official Gazette published by the National Printing Office.
Repositories of Primary Sources
Repositories of Primary Sources

51. For Supreme Court decisions, the repositories of the SC decisions are the Philippine
Reports, citations of books, treatises, pleadings and even court decisions are found in the
Supreme Court Reports Annotated (SCRA).
Repositories of Primary Sources
Repositories of Primary Sources

52. Thank you!
Thank you!