React JS is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces. It uses virtual DOM and one-way data binding to render components efficiently. Everything in React is a component - they accept custom inputs called props and control the output display through rendering. Components can manage private state and update due to props or state changes. The lifecycle of a React component involves initialization, updating due to state/prop changes, and unmounting from the DOM. React promotes unidirectional data flow and single source of truth to make views more predictable and easier to debug.