1-What are the challenges in combating emerging and reemerging disease.docxKevinjrHWatsono
1.What are the challenges in combating emerging and reemerging diseases?
2.Discuss some of the examples given your book.
3.Some steps we can take to prevent an outbreak of the diseases.
Emerging Infectious Diseases LEARNING OBJECTIVE 14-19 List several probable reasons for emerging infectious diseases, and name one example for each reason. Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are diseases that are new or changing, are showing an increase in incidence in the CHAPER 14 . Princlples of Disease and Epidemiologg 411. recem past, or show a potential to increase in the near future (see Chapter 1). An emerging disease can be caused by a virus. a bacterium, a fungus, a protonoan, or a helminth. About 75% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, mainly of viral origin, and are likely to be vecton borne. Several criteria are used for identifyiog an HiD, For exam. ple, some diseases present symptoms that are cleady disinctive from all other diseases. Some are recogrized because improved diagnostic techniques allow the identification of a new parbogen. Others are identified when a local disease becoines widespread, a rare diskase becomes common, a mild diseas becomes more severe, or an increase in life span permits a alow. disease to develop. Examples of emerging infectious diseases are listed in Table 14.5 and described in the boses in Chapters 8 and 13 (pages 218 . and 367 ) . A variety of factoss contribute to the emerpence of nicw infectious diseases: - New srains, such as E. coli 0157417 and avian influcaza (H5N1). may result from genetic recoenbination between organisms. - A new serovar, sich as Videio dolerae O139, may resulh from changes in or the evolution of existing microorga niams. - The widespread, and sometimes unwarranted, use of antiblotics and pesticides encourages the growth of mote resistant populations of microbes and the vectors (mosquitoes, lice, and eicks) that carry then. - Clobal warming and changes in weather patterns mayy increase the distribution and survival of reervairs and vectors. resulting in the insrodaction and dissemination of diseases. such as malaria and Handavines palmonary syndrome. - Known diseases, such as Zika virus discase, chikungganya. dengue, and West Nile encephalitis, may spread to new geographic areas by modern transportation. This was less likely 100 years ago, when tavel took vo long that infected traveless either died or recovered during passage - Insect vectors transported to new areas can transmit infections brought by human traveles. The African yellow fever mosquito. Aedes aedppli came to the Anecicas with the first European explorers. Yellow ficver yinus was also. brought to the Americas with those first exploren, and A aegypti transmitted the disease to native populations and immigrants alike. The A sian eiger mosquito, A . allopitrie, was. inadvertently brought to Texas on a cargo ship from lapan in 1985. Both Ades ypecies are now estaklished throughout the southem and southwestern stares..
1-What are the challenges in combating emerging and reemerging disease.docxKevinjrHWatsono
1.What are the challenges in combating emerging and reemerging diseases?
2.Discuss some of the examples given your book.
3.Some steps we can take to prevent an outbreak of the diseases.
Emerging Infectious Diseases LEARNING OBJECTIVE 14-19 List several probable reasons for emerging infectious diseases, and name one example for each reason. Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are diseases that are new or changing, are showing an increase in incidence in the CHAPER 14 . Princlples of Disease and Epidemiologg 411. recem past, or show a potential to increase in the near future (see Chapter 1). An emerging disease can be caused by a virus. a bacterium, a fungus, a protonoan, or a helminth. About 75% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, mainly of viral origin, and are likely to be vecton borne. Several criteria are used for identifyiog an HiD, For exam. ple, some diseases present symptoms that are cleady disinctive from all other diseases. Some are recogrized because improved diagnostic techniques allow the identification of a new parbogen. Others are identified when a local disease becoines widespread, a rare diskase becomes common, a mild diseas becomes more severe, or an increase in life span permits a alow. disease to develop. Examples of emerging infectious diseases are listed in Table 14.5 and described in the boses in Chapters 8 and 13 (pages 218 . and 367 ) . A variety of factoss contribute to the emerpence of nicw infectious diseases: - New srains, such as E. coli 0157417 and avian influcaza (H5N1). may result from genetic recoenbination between organisms. - A new serovar, sich as Videio dolerae O139, may resulh from changes in or the evolution of existing microorga niams. - The widespread, and sometimes unwarranted, use of antiblotics and pesticides encourages the growth of mote resistant populations of microbes and the vectors (mosquitoes, lice, and eicks) that carry then. - Clobal warming and changes in weather patterns mayy increase the distribution and survival of reervairs and vectors. resulting in the insrodaction and dissemination of diseases. such as malaria and Handavines palmonary syndrome. - Known diseases, such as Zika virus discase, chikungganya. dengue, and West Nile encephalitis, may spread to new geographic areas by modern transportation. This was less likely 100 years ago, when tavel took vo long that infected traveless either died or recovered during passage - Insect vectors transported to new areas can transmit infections brought by human traveles. The African yellow fever mosquito. Aedes aedppli came to the Anecicas with the first European explorers. Yellow ficver yinus was also. brought to the Americas with those first exploren, and A aegypti transmitted the disease to native populations and immigrants alike. The A sian eiger mosquito, A . allopitrie, was. inadvertently brought to Texas on a cargo ship from lapan in 1985. Both Ades ypecies are now estaklished throughout the southem and southwestern stares..
Introduction to communicable and noncommunicable DCs.pptxOsmanHassan35
Immunology is the study of the immune system and is a very important branch of the medical and biological sciences. The immune system protects us from infection through
1. 1st GNM Community H Nsg - Unit 4 Epidemiology.pptxthiru murugan
Community Health Nursing I Epidemiology
By,
Thiru murugan
UNIT-IV: Principles of Epidemiology and Epidemiological methods:
Definition and aims of epidemiology, communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Basic tools of measurement in epidemiology
Uses of epidemiology
Disease cycle
Spectrum of disease
Levels of prevention of disease.
Disease transmission – direct and indirect.
Immunizing agents, immunization and national immunization schedule.
Control of infectious diseases.
Disinfection
Epidemiology:
Introduction: Epidemiology is derived from Greek word “epidemic”
EPI – up on,
DEMOS – people;
LOGOS – study.
Epidemiology means the study of disease in human population.
Definition: “epidemiology is defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases or health problems”.
Terminologies used in epidemiology:
Infection: the entry and multiplication of an infectious agent in the body of man or animal.
Endemic: the constant presence of a disease in particular area or population. Ex- malaria, dengue, chikungunya.
Epidemic: an out break of disease from one area to other area in a community. Ex - cholera, polio, small pox
Sporadic: refers to a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly. Ex - Tetanus, rabies, and plague.
Pandemic: a disease which spreads from country to country or over the whole world. Ex - swine flu, HIV, COVID – 19.
Zoonosis: diseases or infections transmitted from animals to men. Ex - rabies.
Incubation period: this is the time interval between the entry of the disease agent into the body and the appearance of first sign & symptom of the disease.
Carrier: a person who harbors or carry the disease agent with or without having any outward signs and symptoms.
Isolation: a separation of a person with infectious disease (communicable disease) from contact with other human beings to avoid spread of disease.
Quarantine: a quarantine is a restriction on the movement of people, animals and goods which is intended to prevent the spread of disease
Pathogenicity: ability to cause the disease.
Contagious: a disease that is transmitted through contact.
Reservoir: the habitat ( place for living) where an infectious agent living, grows and multiplies.
Virulence: measure the severity of disease.
Fomites: inanimate articles other than food or water contaminated by the infectious discharges.
Vector: usually an arthropod eg. Mosquito which transfers an infectious agent from an infected person to a healthy person.
Aims
To describe the distribution and size of disease problems in human
To identify the etiological factors.
To provide the data (information) essential to the preparation) implementation (providing) & evaluation (checking the outcome).
Communicable and non-communicable diseases:
Communicable diseases are diseases that spread from person to person. Ex - polio, typhoid, chickenpox, TB,AIDS
Non-communicable disease (NCD) are disease that is not spread from one person to another. Ex - most heart disease
Module 1.1 An overview of emerging and re emerging infectious diseasesAdaora Anyichie - Odis
This module helps to understand the global trends of emerging & re-emerging infections and chronic diseases, identify the threats of diseases and develop desirable attitude and skill in planning to go for new treatment regimens and public health programs that substantially reduce and even prevent the spread of infections and promotion of public health
Introduction to communicable and noncommunicable DCs.pptxOsmanHassan35
Immunology is the study of the immune system and is a very important branch of the medical and biological sciences. The immune system protects us from infection through
1. 1st GNM Community H Nsg - Unit 4 Epidemiology.pptxthiru murugan
Community Health Nursing I Epidemiology
By,
Thiru murugan
UNIT-IV: Principles of Epidemiology and Epidemiological methods:
Definition and aims of epidemiology, communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Basic tools of measurement in epidemiology
Uses of epidemiology
Disease cycle
Spectrum of disease
Levels of prevention of disease.
Disease transmission – direct and indirect.
Immunizing agents, immunization and national immunization schedule.
Control of infectious diseases.
Disinfection
Epidemiology:
Introduction: Epidemiology is derived from Greek word “epidemic”
EPI – up on,
DEMOS – people;
LOGOS – study.
Epidemiology means the study of disease in human population.
Definition: “epidemiology is defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of diseases or health problems”.
Terminologies used in epidemiology:
Infection: the entry and multiplication of an infectious agent in the body of man or animal.
Endemic: the constant presence of a disease in particular area or population. Ex- malaria, dengue, chikungunya.
Epidemic: an out break of disease from one area to other area in a community. Ex - cholera, polio, small pox
Sporadic: refers to a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly. Ex - Tetanus, rabies, and plague.
Pandemic: a disease which spreads from country to country or over the whole world. Ex - swine flu, HIV, COVID – 19.
Zoonosis: diseases or infections transmitted from animals to men. Ex - rabies.
Incubation period: this is the time interval between the entry of the disease agent into the body and the appearance of first sign & symptom of the disease.
Carrier: a person who harbors or carry the disease agent with or without having any outward signs and symptoms.
Isolation: a separation of a person with infectious disease (communicable disease) from contact with other human beings to avoid spread of disease.
Quarantine: a quarantine is a restriction on the movement of people, animals and goods which is intended to prevent the spread of disease
Pathogenicity: ability to cause the disease.
Contagious: a disease that is transmitted through contact.
Reservoir: the habitat ( place for living) where an infectious agent living, grows and multiplies.
Virulence: measure the severity of disease.
Fomites: inanimate articles other than food or water contaminated by the infectious discharges.
Vector: usually an arthropod eg. Mosquito which transfers an infectious agent from an infected person to a healthy person.
Aims
To describe the distribution and size of disease problems in human
To identify the etiological factors.
To provide the data (information) essential to the preparation) implementation (providing) & evaluation (checking the outcome).
Communicable and non-communicable diseases:
Communicable diseases are diseases that spread from person to person. Ex - polio, typhoid, chickenpox, TB,AIDS
Non-communicable disease (NCD) are disease that is not spread from one person to another. Ex - most heart disease
Module 1.1 An overview of emerging and re emerging infectious diseasesAdaora Anyichie - Odis
This module helps to understand the global trends of emerging & re-emerging infections and chronic diseases, identify the threats of diseases and develop desirable attitude and skill in planning to go for new treatment regimens and public health programs that substantially reduce and even prevent the spread of infections and promotion of public health
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Re emerging Diseasessssssssssssssssssss.pptx
1. Re-emerging infectious disease
Reappearance of a disease which was once endemic but
had since been eradicated or controlled.
E.g. Kala azar, Cholera, Yellow fever, Dengue, Diphtheria
3. Emergence may also be due to
•new recognition of an infectious agent in the population, or
•the realization that an established condition has an infectious
origin.
4. Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs)
Diseases of infectious origin whose incidence in humans has increased
within the recent past or threatens to increase in the near future. These
include new, previously undefined diseases as well as old diseases with
new features.
These new features may include
•the introduction of a disease to a new location
•or a new population (e.g. it may present in youth where previously it was only
seen in the elderly);
•new clinical features, including resistance to available treatments; or
•a rapid increase in the incidence and spread of the disease.
5. Case study
In March 2009, cases of H1N1 influenza were first reported in
Mexico, followed by spread to the United States and then to rest of
the world including India.
By September, nearly all countries had reported H1N1 virus to the
World Health Organization, with more than 17,000 deaths; of which,
12,000 were in the United States alone.
6. Recognized site(s) of
emerging and re-emerging
infections in India, 1990-
2011.
CCHF, Crimean - Congo
haemorrhagic fever.
Source: IJMR 2013 July
