1) Alternative sustainable jet fuels have made progress since 2009, with the first fuel qualification in 20 years and several commercial flight tests. 2) Further development is needed to ensure multiple feedstocks and processes are qualified and that fuel supply can meet aviation's carbon neutral growth goals. 3) International cooperation through groups like CAAFI is helping link fuel producers, airlines, and other stakeholders to develop a sustainable jet fuel supply chain that can serve aviation as a single customer.

1. Sustainable Alternative Jet Fuel
Update
Achievements / Next Steps
Air Transport: What Route to
Sustainability
Third ICAO Pre-Assembly Conference
Montreal, Canada
Richard L. Altman
Executive Director,
Commercial Aviation Alternative
Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)
www.caafi.org
®

2. Alternative Sustainable Fuel Dynamic
• Dimensioning a new
Sustainable Jet Fuel Dynamic
• Progress since 2009 ICAO
Conference (Rio 11/09)
• What are the key
remaining Needs?
• How can aviation cooperate
globally to meet these needs?

3. Global Climate
Reduce PM 2.5
Contain CO2 Growth
Air Quality
New Sustainable Dynamic Environment Need
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Ozone PM 2.5
Data for 50 Largest U.S.
Airports
Non-
attainment

4. *Notional View, Source Air Transport
Association of America
Carbon Neutral Growth Now Aviation’s Goal
• …… for FAA “Next Gen” Enviromental Team in U.S.
• …… by International Airlines (IATA) globally

5. 70%
63%
Total
Imports
U.S. Production
U.S. Consumption
2005
Million
bbl
per
day
1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
F
Improve Fuel Fraction
Reduce Crack Spread
Enhance Supply Security
New Sustainable Economic Dynamic Need
Jet < 10%
Gasoline
Diesel
5

6. Ref: Presentation AFRL (W. Harrison), 8/15/06
Bridging Economic “Valley of Death” is Goal
6

7. 2009 Aviation Achievements
• First Major Aviation Fuel Qualification
in 20 Years passed – ASTM D7566!
• Four flight programs of Biofuels
• ICAO Accepted Best Practices
- Risk management
- CO2 LCA Analysis Principles
- Implementation via CAAFI
and other processes
• Four Commercial projects formed
Winner 2010 Air Transport World
Joseph S. Murphy Award
for Industry Service!

8. 2010 Off to Excellent Start
• Hydrotreated Renewable Jet (HRJ/ Bio-SPK)
tracking to 12/10 ASTM Approvals (Jan. - Present)
• White House recognition of Aviation as lead
customer for Biofuels (Feb.)
• FAA/DESC “Single Fuel Buyer” Alliance (March)
• Greatly expanding the scope of potential
supplier discussions (April, May)
• First Quantitative Jet Fuel Carbon LCA
(PARTNER) leads aviation centric impact
quantification (May)
• “Farm to Fly” with USDA formalized (July)
• “One Buyer” United Aviation Exhibit at
Farnborough Air Show (July)

9. Sustainable Jet, Where Are We?
• Over 50 Fuel Companies part of
CAAFI
• Four Existing “Off – Take”
Agreements” Several Additional
Negotiations.
• U.S. State and International
Deployment Initiatives Growing
37% of Top 100 Biofuel Companies
Predict 1 Billion Gallons of Renewable
Jet by 2020….Biofuels Digest 9/10/10

10. Multiple Success Models (U.S. Example)
Arizona
California*
Florida **
Georgia**
Hawaii**
Illinois
Michigan**
Mississippi*
Ohio**
New York**
Pennsylvania**
Oklahoma
Tennessee**
Texas**
Washington*
West Virginia
Wisconsin
* airline/producer agreements ** study proposals or Pilot Plants

11. Going Forward
What is Needed?
Where/How can
Cooperation help?

12. To Achieve Aviation Goals…..
• Ensure that Multiple Feedstocks and
Processes Are Matured/ Qualified
• Achieve “Feedstock Readiness” via
disciplined systems risk management.
• Quantify Carbon Gains and Reduce
Environmental/Sustainability Uncertainty
• Capitalize on Local Air Quality gains (not
just CO2)
• Leverage success models to ensure
unique focused “single customer” status

13. Blend Comp’s Criteria
and Blend % Limits
Annex 3
Other Adv
Fuels or
Processes
Annex 2
50%
Metabolic
Blends
Annex 1
50%
Hydpross’d
SPK Fuel
Blends
Fuel Produced to D7566 Can
Be Designated as D1655 Fuel
5.1 Materials and
Manufacture
D1655
Table 1
D7566
Av Turbine Fuel Containing
Syn HC’s
Table 1
Blended Fuel
Performance
Properties
• ASTM D7566
Passed Sept 09
• On track for HRJ
passage 12/10
Jet Fuel Approval Process Working Well
13

14. Biomass
Bio - Oils Syngas
Ethanol /
C2+ Alcohols
2nd Gen.
Biofuels
HRJ SynJet
FAME SynJet Methanol FT SynJet
Hydrogen
Shift Reaction
Bio - Oil Extraction
Hydrolysis /
Fermentation
Gasification
Ligno-cellulosic
Bio-Conversion
Pyrolysis /
Liquifaction
Esterification Hydrotreatment
Fischer Tropsch
Process
Methanol
Synthesis
All FeedStocks and Processes Required!
FRJ
PRJ
CRJ
HRJ Hydrotreated Renewable Jet
FT Fischer Tropsch Process
FRJ Fermentation Renewable Jet
PRJ Pyrolysis Renewable Jet
CRJ Catalytic Renewable Jet
- Certified by end 2011
- Targets for 2013, 2014

15. Feedstock Readiness?
• Grow yield/acre in
reduced time frame
• Improve growth in
dry / high saline soil
conditions
• Address invasive
species concerns
Working “Feedstock Readiness”
System Methods with Agriculture

16. Aviation Specific Carbon LCA Available!
Analysis Represents
- Cumulative Totals
- with Variability Bands
Next Pathways
considered next:
- Sugar cane to
Fermented Jet (FRJ)
- Pyrolysis Oils to Blend
Stock
Data from Stratton et al. MIT/PARTNER (2010)

17. PM 2.5 Is Next Target
Air Quality Regulations Increasing
Capitalize on Air Quality (PM 2.5) Gains
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Ozone PM 2.5
Data for 50 Largest U.S.
Airports
Non-
attainment
-12% -13%
-33%
-41%
-57%
-68%
-78%
-25%
-30%
-50%
-61%
-75%
-86%
-92%
-51%
-96%
-100%
-75%
-50%
-25%
0%
12.5 25 37.5 50 62.5 75 87.5 100
% Volume of FT Fuel in JP-8
%
Change
in
Particle
Number
Density
Cruise
Idle
12.5 25 37.5 50 62.5 75 87.5 100
Large Gains with Alternatives

18. FEEDSTOCK SUPPLIERS
FUEL PRODUCERS
DISTRIBUTORS / FBO’S
CAAFI Supply Chain Model Success
Facilitate
Maximum
Opportunity
“Flow-up”
Focus and
Communicate
Requirements
“Flow Down”
Now 50+ suppliers
/stakeholders
Nearly 20
Airlines with
agreements

19. Global Links To One Aviation Customer
2006
SWAFEA 2009
ABRABA 2010

20. New Sustainable Fuel Dynamic Achievable
Algae – U.S. Sugarcane - Brazil Pyrolysis - Holland