Solar Power 2020: India On A National Solar MissionHIMADRI BANERJI
India can now make 700 megawatts of photovoltaic modules each year, according to the plan. The aim would be to make 20,000 megawatts of solar cells annually by 2017 and to establish expertise in solar thermal technologies.
Total costs would be 85,000 and 105,000 crores ($18.5 billion to $22.8 billion) over a 30-year period. To help finance the project, the plan foresees a significant tax on gasoline and diesel — fuels the government currently subsidizes.
ita a scheme statrted in 2009 by congress. earlier it waas known as jawahar lal nehru national solar mission bt recently its name change into national solar mission
Solar Power 2020: India On A National Solar MissionHIMADRI BANERJI
India can now make 700 megawatts of photovoltaic modules each year, according to the plan. The aim would be to make 20,000 megawatts of solar cells annually by 2017 and to establish expertise in solar thermal technologies.
Total costs would be 85,000 and 105,000 crores ($18.5 billion to $22.8 billion) over a 30-year period. To help finance the project, the plan foresees a significant tax on gasoline and diesel — fuels the government currently subsidizes.
ita a scheme statrted in 2009 by congress. earlier it waas known as jawahar lal nehru national solar mission bt recently its name change into national solar mission
Solar in India have its own importance. It's the best opportunity for investors and this presentation explores it. If you need any further info please feel free to contact me. Viraj
Solar India - Sun Power is Solution to India's Energy Crisissolarindia
The report talks about Jawaharlal Nehru Solar Mission, Solar farms, SEZs, Solar technologies, Photovoltaics, PV trends, thin film solar panels, stocks /shares listed on Bombay stock exchange and National stock exchange in India
Solar Potential In India - An Overview of the Prospects of Solar Power Projects in India with focus on Grid Connected & Roof Top Systems and associated PV technologies.
Presentation Made By: Shaantanu Gaur (For Eixil Group)
Follow Me: https://in.linkedin.com/in/shaantanugaur
Contact: gaur.shaantanu@gmail.com / 98732 666 04
POTENTIAL STUDY ADDRESSING SHORTAGE OF POWER AND ECONOMIC GROWTH THROUGH FORE...IAEME Publication
India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for using solar power in India. India is already a leader in wind power generation. India is now one of the top five solar energy developments worldwide as per Ernst & Young’s renewable energy attractiveness index. As per report by WATO-India, 2012, the Indian Renewable Energy business market is experiencing a growth rate of 15 %/yr and the opportunities for private investments are estimated to
be of about USD 34 billion.
Solar in India have its own importance. It's the best opportunity for investors and this presentation explores it. If you need any further info please feel free to contact me. Viraj
Solar India - Sun Power is Solution to India's Energy Crisissolarindia
The report talks about Jawaharlal Nehru Solar Mission, Solar farms, SEZs, Solar technologies, Photovoltaics, PV trends, thin film solar panels, stocks /shares listed on Bombay stock exchange and National stock exchange in India
Solar Potential In India - An Overview of the Prospects of Solar Power Projects in India with focus on Grid Connected & Roof Top Systems and associated PV technologies.
Presentation Made By: Shaantanu Gaur (For Eixil Group)
Follow Me: https://in.linkedin.com/in/shaantanugaur
Contact: gaur.shaantanu@gmail.com / 98732 666 04
POTENTIAL STUDY ADDRESSING SHORTAGE OF POWER AND ECONOMIC GROWTH THROUGH FORE...IAEME Publication
India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for using solar power in India. India is already a leader in wind power generation. India is now one of the top five solar energy developments worldwide as per Ernst & Young’s renewable energy attractiveness index. As per report by WATO-India, 2012, the Indian Renewable Energy business market is experiencing a growth rate of 15 %/yr and the opportunities for private investments are estimated to
be of about USD 34 billion.
Presentation on the status of "Achievement Under National Solar Mission (NSM)" till July'17.
The key highlight being that 13,115 MW of solar projects have been commissioned. The presentation outlays of how "100 GW" of target shall be achieved based on various schemes under progress. Also last few slides focus on Off Grid Targets under NSM.
RBSA-RR-A Deep Dive Into The Hospital Industry in India.pdfRBSA Advisors
We are delighted to share our research on the Hospital segment in India, primarily focusing on the Performance of Key Hospital Groups including their future growth plans, and recent PE and M&A deals in this segment.
RBSA-RR-Specialty Chemicals-An opportunity for Make in India.pdfRBSA Advisors
These are interesting times for the Specialty Chemicals industry in India, in view of the current global market trends in this sector. The supply chain issues faced by manufacturers around the world, have brought greater momentum to the China +1 theme thereby creating incentives for Indian manufacturers to invest and grow.
RBSA-RR-Industry Valuation Multiples Series 6th Edition.pdfRBSA Advisors
We are delighted to share our “6th Edition of Industry wise Valuation Multiples” for Indian listed corporates. Our report coverage comprises of 13 largest industrial sectors in India.
RBSA-RR-Demystifying Life Insurance Industry in India (1).pdfRBSA Advisors
RBSA Advisors is delighted to share its recent research on the Life Insurance sector in India. Pandemic across the nation had impacted the country's overall financial system. The unprecedented nature of this crisis created difficult circumstances, including economic shutdowns. The year 2020 was a watershed year in the Insurance sector. Insurer were forced to rethink their business operations leading to enormous changes in the industry. Currently, life insurance industry is at crossroad.
Through this report we are demystifying the life insurance industry in India and sharing our views on the industry outlook.
SEBI streamlines the process of Buy-back of securities.pdfRBSA Advisors
With the intent to simplify the Buy-back process of securities, level the playing field for investors, and encourage ease of doing business, the Securities & Exchange Board of India (“SEBI”) has relaxed certain norms in the SEBI (Buy-back of Securities) Regulations, 2018 pursuant to SEBI (Buy-back of Securities) (Amendment) Regulations, 2023. Further, Operational Guidance on Buy-back was issued by SEBI on 8th March 2023. The amended regulation has come into force w.e.f 9th March, 2023.
RBSA-Budget-Finance Bill 2023-Key Proposals.pdfRBSA Advisors
Keeping a people-centric approach, various amendments in individual tax provisions and amendments providing benefits under the new tax-rate regime is a welcome move.
Through this report, we share our views on the prevailing framework/rules under the Income Tax Act, 1961 for determination of Fair Valuation in case of Shares/Securities.
Techniques to optimize the pagerank algorithm usually fall in two categories. One is to try reducing the work per iteration, and the other is to try reducing the number of iterations. These goals are often at odds with one another. Skipping computation on vertices which have already converged has the potential to save iteration time. Skipping in-identical vertices, with the same in-links, helps reduce duplicate computations and thus could help reduce iteration time. Road networks often have chains which can be short-circuited before pagerank computation to improve performance. Final ranks of chain nodes can be easily calculated. This could reduce both the iteration time, and the number of iterations. If a graph has no dangling nodes, pagerank of each strongly connected component can be computed in topological order. This could help reduce the iteration time, no. of iterations, and also enable multi-iteration concurrency in pagerank computation. The combination of all of the above methods is the STICD algorithm. [sticd] For dynamic graphs, unchanged components whose ranks are unaffected can be skipped altogether.
Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation - Final Version - 5.23...John Andrews
SlideShare Description for "Chatty Kathy - UNC Bootcamp Final Project Presentation"
Title: Chatty Kathy: Enhancing Physical Activity Among Older Adults
Description:
Discover how Chatty Kathy, an innovative project developed at the UNC Bootcamp, aims to tackle the challenge of low physical activity among older adults. Our AI-driven solution uses peer interaction to boost and sustain exercise levels, significantly improving health outcomes. This presentation covers our problem statement, the rationale behind Chatty Kathy, synthetic data and persona creation, model performance metrics, a visual demonstration of the project, and potential future developments. Join us for an insightful Q&A session to explore the potential of this groundbreaking project.
Project Team: Jay Requarth, Jana Avery, John Andrews, Dr. Dick Davis II, Nee Buntoum, Nam Yeongjin & Mat Nicholas
2. Pg. 2 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
THE VISION
100 GW In 2014, India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a goal
to increase solar power capacity to 100 GW by 2022
15 GW MNRE has approved 15 GW of new
solar projects as on 31st March 2016
12 GW 12 GW of plants like to be
operation by March 2017
20 GW MNRE has approved 33 solar parks of
around 20 GW in 21 states
60 GW Of 100 GW, 60 GW will come from large
scale solar projects
40 GW Of 100 GW, 40 GW will come from roof top
solar
7.5 GW Solar installations cross 7.5
GW mark as of May 2016
“India is now graduating from
megawatts to gigawatts in
terms of renewable energy
production”
Narendra Modi
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43
39.7
34.4
25.6
18.9
8.6
6.6 5.6 5.1
2.5 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
China
Germany
Japan
USA
Italy
UK
France
India
Australia
Canada
SouthAfrica
Chile
Mexico
Phillipines
Thailand
Capcity(GW)
SOLAR POWER – GLOBAL OVERVIEW
Cumulative installed solar capacity (GW) as of 31-Dec- 2015
Source: IEA PVPS, Snapshot 2015 of Global PV markets; BRIDGE TO INDIA
Globally, new solar capacity addition grew to 50 GW in 2015, y-o-y growth of 25%.
Asian countries led by China and Japan dominated the global solar landscape, representing about 59% of the
global PV market in 2015. India added more than 2 GW capacity in 2015 to reach a cumulative capacity of 5.6 GW
by the end of the year.
India has taken
long strides in
solar and poised
to attain 5th
position globally
by end of
FY 15-16
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SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Global Solar Radiation in India Source: TERI, IMD, MNRE
Located in
equatorial
sun belt of
the earth
Annual
global
radiation
varies from
1600 to
2200
kWh/m2
Energy
potential is
about 6,000
million
GWh of
energy per
year.
Clear sunny
weather is
experienced
250 to 300
days a year.
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INSTALLED POWER CAPACITY IN INDIA
Coal
62%
Gas
8%
Diesel
0.30%
Nuclear
2%
Hydro
14%
SHP
1%
Wind power
9%
Biomass
2%
Solar power
2%
RES
14%
Type Capacity (MW)
Coal 1,85,992.88
Gas 24,508.63
Diesel 918.89
Nuclear 5,780.00
Hydro 43,085.49
RES* 42,849.39
Total 3,02,833.20
Type Capacity (MW)
SHP 4273.47
Wind power 26866.66
Biomass 4946.41
Solar power 6998.85
*RES (Renewable energy sources) includes SHP (small
hydro power, Wind power, Biomass producers & solar
power as given by MNREBreakup of installed power
plant capacity in India as on
30-April-2016
Breakup of RES installed
capacity as give by MNRE as
on 30-April-2016
Year on year installed capacity of solar power in
India as on 30-April-2016
Source: MNRE, CEA
2 2 10 37
941
1645
2631
3981
6998.85
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
CapacityInstalledinMW
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67
94
143
145
386
405
528
776
793
1062
1119
1286
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Odisha
Chhattisgarh
Uttar Pradesh
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Punjab
Telangana
Madhya Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
Gujarat
Rajasthan
INSTALLED SOLAR POWER CAPACITY IN INDIA - STATE WISE
Installed solar power capacity in India as on 30-April-2016 of Top 12 states (in MW) Source: MNRE, PIB
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INDIA – NEW SOLAR PROJECTS (FY-2017)
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DEVELOPMENT PIPELINE
4.56
16.56
31.56
47.56
64.56
82.06
99.56
0
20
40
60
80
100
120 2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2019-20
2020-21
2021-22
CapacityinMW
Large scale (ground mounted) Roof top
Already achieved 5.8 GW
as on 31st March, 2016
YoY capacity addition of solar plants as per MNRE
MERCOM is forecasting solar installations in India to total approximately 5 GW for calendar year 2016.
Cumulative solar installations in India crossed the 7.5 GW mark as of May 2016 with about 2.2 GW installed
so far this year, more than all of the solar installations in 2015. India’s solar project pipeline has now
surpassed 22 GW with ~13 GW under construction and ~9 GW in the Request for Proposal (RfP) process
At the end of FY2015-16, solar
represented 2.5% of the net
installed capacity in India, up
from 1.4% a year ago
2%
17.4%
Solar accounted for 17.4% of all
renewable energy generation in
FY2015-16 compared to 10.5% in
FY2014-15, becoming fastest
growing RE source in India.
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BUSINESS MODELS IN SOLAR POWER
Types of policy
Central Government
projects
Public Sector
Companies
Distribution
Companies
EPC
Tenders
Private
developer
SECI
VGF based
bidding
NTPC
Tariff based
bidding
State Government
projects
Public Sector
Companies
State power
distribution companies
PPP & RPO
projects
Private
developers
State power distribution
companies
Fixed
tariff
Tariff based
bidding
Source: MNRE, SECI, Deutsche Bank Analysis on Solar, CERC
10. Pg. 10 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
STRONG GOVERNMENT POLICY SUPPORT
Type Detail
Solar Parks GoI has approved on 10th December, 2014 a Scheme for setting up of 25 Solar Parks, to be developed in next 5
years in various States & will require Central Government financial support of Rs 4050 crore.
These parks will be able to accommodate over 20,000 MW of solar power projects.
As on date, 27 parks with capacity of about 18000 MW in 21 states have been sanctioned.
Off-grid Rooftop It is proposed to set up 40 GW solar rooftop programmes where grid connectivity is already exist.
15% Government subsidy for non-commercial & non-industrial categories for using domestic solar panels would be
provided.
PV Power Plants
on Canal Banks
and Canal Tops
MNRE has planned scheme for grid connected SPV on canal banks & tops with estimated cost of Rs. 975 crore
50 MW capacities under each category have been approved to 8 States (Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,
Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand and West Bengal).
1000 MW solar
PV by CPSUs
Implementation of Scheme for setting up 1000 MW of Grid Connected Solar PV Power projects by CPSUs and GOI
organization’s with Viability Gap Funding in three years period from 2015-16 to 2017-18.
About 100 MW have been allocated to various CPSUs under the scheme.
Solar Energy
Projects by
Unemployed
Youths & Farmers
It is expected that about 10 GW solar projects would be setup.
Innovative Financing of such projects could be possible as equity is being put up by the state, local bodies and
entrepreneurs.
Source: Press Information Bureau, Government of India, MNRE – Year end review - Solar Power Target Reset to 1 lac MW dated 15-Dec-2015
GoI = Government of India, PV = Photo Voltaic, CPSU = Central Public Sector Unit
11. Pg. 11 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
SUPPORT MECHANISMS FOR SOLAR
Support for
Solar
Feed in tariffs
Preferential tariffs provided by central and state regulators
are based on standard 15-16% post-tax ROE
State RE policies State RE policies have added significant RE capacities
Priority Sector
Lending
The Reserve Bank of India has included RE green energy
investments up to INR 150m under priority-sector lending.
For individual households, the loan limit will be INR 1m
for the borrower.
Exemptions &
incentives
10 year tax holiday. Excise & Custom duty exemptions for
most of the equipment, machinery ,etc.
Renewable
Purchase
obligations (RPO)
RPOs mandated by Electricity Act 2003 and National Tariff
policy. REC mechanisms launched to fulfil RPOS
Accelerated
Depreciation
A company is allowed to claim 80% AD of the investment
in the very first year of commissioning, which reduces the
overall tax liability
12. Pg. 12 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
APPROVED SOLAR PARKS
The solar park is a concentrated zone of
development of solar power generation
projects and provides developers an
area that is well characterized, with
proper infrastructure and access to
amenities and where the risk of the
projects can be minimized.
MNRE has approved 33 solar parks in
21 states with 19.9 GW capacity
At the State level, the solar parks will
enable the States to bring in significant
investment from project developers,
meet its Solar Renewable Purchase
Obligation (RPO) mandate
Source: SECI, BRIDGE TO INDIA, MNRE
13. Pg. 13 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
TYPES OF SOLAR POWER PLANT
Types of Solar
Power Plant
Solar PV
Crystalline
Silicone cells
Poly
crystalline
Mono
crystalline
Thin film
cells
Thin film
Silicon
Amorphous
Mono
crystalline
CdTe CIS / CIGS
Solar
Thermal
Low
Temperature
Flat Plate
collectors
Solar
chimney
Solar Pond
Medium
Temperature
Parabolic
Trough
Fresnel
Collectors
High
Temperature
Central Tower
Parabolic Dish
Source: IFC, SECI, IRENA
• Cadmium Telluride (CdTe).
• Copper Indium Selenide (CIS).
• Copper Indium (Gallium) Di-Selenide (CIGS/CIS).
14. Pg. 14 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
COMPARISON OF PV & CSP
Particulars Solar PV Power Plants Solar Thermal Power Plants (CSP)
Working Principle
Works based on the principle of
photovoltaic effect.
Works on similar principle as that of
conventional thermal plants, only difference
being, solar concentrators are used to
generate steam.
O&M cost
Lower operation and maintenance
costs as no or very few moving and
rotating parts involved.
Operation and maintenance costs are higher
due to large number of moving and rotating
components in the system.
Capacity Utilization Factor
(CUF)*
CUFs in range of 15-16% CUFs in range of 22-24%
Capital Cost
Low initial investment costs
(~ 5-6 crores per MW)
High initial costs
(~11-12 crores per MW)
Cost of generation
Cost of generation in range of Rs. 6-8
per kWh.
Cost of generation in range of Rs. 12-13 per
kWh.
For hybrid mode
Difficult to run in hybrid mode (along
with conventional power plants)
Easy to run in a hybrid mode along with
conventional coal based or gas based thermal
power plants.
Performance
Satisfactory output even during rainy
seasons or in diffused radiation
Output drastically falls during rainy seasons
and during diffused ration.
*CUF is subjective based on the type of tracking, irradiation available, efficiency and grid constraints. CUF provided are typical ranges
15. Pg. 15 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
KEY DRIVERS
Solar targets raised: India’s government has increased its
solar target fivefold to 100 GW by 2022.
Cost decline is driving investments:. With capital cost
plunging from INR 1800 lacs/MW (USD 3m) in 2009 to
nearly INR 530 lakhs/MW vs. replacement cost of coal at
INR 500 to 600 lakhs/MW, grid parity is in sight and
utilities/investors will focus on commercial viability.
Going ahead, with anticipated improvement in
technology and increased supply of panels from
China/Europe, capital costs could stabilize at lower levels.
Tariffs have been driven lower and are now near parity:
Solar tariffs have dropped 60% over last four years, from
INR 12.16/kWh in 2011 to almost INR 4.35/kWh in 2016 −
almost at parity with other conventional power sources.
Market expectations are that solar equipment prices
could drop a further 30-40% largely due to
technological/efficiency improvement.
Source: MNRE, CERC, PIB
805.8 797.01
670.8
605.85 530.02
0
200
400
600
800
1000
FY 12-13 FY 13-14 FY 14-15 FY 15-16 FY 16-17
INRlakhs/MW
Drop in capital cost for installation of
Solar PV plants
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ATTRACTING GLOBAL & LOCAL ATTENTION
Public
Sector
Developers
International
Renewable
Energy
Developers
Indian
Corporate
Groups
SBG Cleantech,
a joint venture
would invest
$20 billion
PV manufacturing plant in the Andhra
Pradesh of 2GW
Signed MoU of INR 2,800 crore
Employment to some 3,500 workers.
17. Pg. 17 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
BENCHMARK CAPITAL COST ANALYSIS OF SOLAR PV PLANT
Source: CERC Petition no. 17/SM/2015 dated 23rd March 2016
501.32
854.26
575.63
595.20 610.00 631.00
575.63
530.02
0
200
400
600
800
1000
CERC
(Proposed)
NHPC
Welspun
TATA
Suzlon
SunEdison
SPDA
CERC
(Accepted)
INRlaksh/MW
Notes:
1. Currency rate assumed by CERC is 66.59 INR/USD
2. Degradation of 0.5% is assumed by CERC on yearly basis
3. Land cost vary from state to state but CERC has retained land cost at Rs. 25 lakhs/MW
4. Cost of construction of overhead transmission line to nearest grid sub-station is not included.
Benchmark Capital Cost Accepted
by CERC for FY 2016-17
Benchmark Capital Cost analysis by CERC for FY 2016-17
Particulars Rs. lakhs/
MW
% of Total
cost
Land cost 25.00 4.7%
PV Modules 328.39 61.96%
Civil & General Works 35.00 6.6%
Mounting Structures 35.00 6.6%
Power Conditioning unit 35.00 6.6%
Evacuation 44.00 8.3%
Preliminary, Pre-ops & IDC 27.63 5.21%
Total Capital Cost 530.02 100%
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SOLAR POWER AUCTION DATA ACROSS INDIA
4
5
6
7
8
Chattisgarh
100MWApril14
Karnataka
500MW,Aug14
Telangana
500MW,Sep14
AndhraPradesh
500MW,Oct14
MadhyaPradesh
300MW,July15
Telangana
200MW,Aug15
Punjab
500MW,Sep15
Uttarakhand
170MW,Oct15
AndhraPradesh
500MW,Nov15
AndhraPradesh
350MW,Dec15
AndhraPradesh
150MWDCR,Dec15
Haryana
150MWDec15
Rajasthan
420MW,Jan16
Maharashtra
450MW,Jan16
UttarPradesh
100MW,Jan16
Karnataka
860MW,Mar16
Jharkhand
120MW,Mar16
Karnataka
500MW,Apr16
2014 2015 2016
WinningTariffRange(INR/kWh)
2.5x 2.8x
3.7x
2.6x 2.3x 2.4x
3.3x 2.8x
10.8x
6x 5.7x
4.3x
9.8x
0.5x
3.5x 2.9x 2.1x
4.5x
Source : Bridge to India
NSM ProjectsState Policy Projects
NSM= National Solar Mission
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TARIFF BASED INVESTOR PERSPECTIVE FOR SOLAR ENERGY
Key Parameters
Project Cost per megawatt INR 6 - 7 Crores
Debt Equity Ratio as per CERC Guidelines 70:30
Purchase Price Agreement(PPA) Rate INR 4.5 to 8.5
Pay back period 6 to 9 Years depending on PPA Rate
Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) 19-21%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ReturnonInvestment
Year
8.5 Rs./kWh 7.5 Rs./kWh 6.5 Rs./kWh 5.5 Rs./kWh 4.5 Rs./kWh
Following conditions have been considered: Interest Rate: 12% per Annum, Loan Tenure: 10 Years, CUF: 19% to 21%
21. Pg. 21 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
TARIFF BASED LENDER’S PERSPECTIVE FOR SOLAR ENERGY
Following conditions have been considered :
Interest Rate : 12% per Annum , Loan Tenure : 10 Years, Project Cost : 6-7 Crore/MW, CUF : 19% to 21%
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5
DebtServiceCoverageRatio
Tariff (INR/kWh)
Debt Service Coverage Ratio
Low Risk
Project
not Viable
High Risk
Moderate
Risk
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PROJECT DEVELOPMENT STAGES
Stages Bank perspective Main activities (Developer)
Stage-1 Site
Identification
Identification of potential site(s)
Funding of project development
Development of rough technical concept
Stage-2 Pre-feasibility Assessment of different technical options
Approximate cost/benefit analysis
Permitting needs and market assessment
Stage-3 First contact with
project developer
Feasibility
study
Technical & financial evaluation of preferred option
Assessment of financing options
Initiation of permitting process & development of rough
technical concept
Stage-4 Due Diligence
Financing Concept
Financing /
Contracts
Permitting & Financing of project
Contracting Strategy, supplier selection & contract
negotiation
Stage-5 Loan agreement Detailed design Preparation of detailed design for all relevant lots
Preparation of project implementation schedule
Finalization of permitting process
Stage-6 Independent review
of construction
Construction Construction Supervision
Stage-7 Independent review
of commissioning
Commissioning Performance Testing
Preparation of as build design (if required)
Source : Utility scale SPV for developers by IFC, MNRE
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TOP 10 MARKET LEADERS
Source: Bridge to India Ranking
Notes:
2014 rank has been calculated based on projects commissioned between Jan to Dec 2014.
2015 rank has been calculated for projects commissioned between Jan to Aug 2015 only
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KEY RISK TO SOLAR STORY
Risk Remarks
Distribution
Utility
Financials
The key buyers of electricity , SEB (State electricity boards) have weak financials.
Many large SEBs are under-recovering cost of power due to high T&D losses, non-remunerative tariffs as well as subsidized supplies,
and hence have huge accumulated losses.
Secondary
Power Support
A massive injection of solar power of the scale envisaged may perturb grid stability. Solar farms, unlike coal and nuclear power
plants, cannot deliver the same amount of continuous electricity.
When at 6pm solar power dips sharply and peak-load starts – this secondary support is provided by either gas-based projects or
pumped hydro schemes, which are absent or grossly inadequate
Land
availability
To meet the solar targets, another big impediment is likely to be the land acquisition hurdle
Every 1 MW requires approx. 5 acres of land (means for 100 GW would require 2,000 sq. km of land) when the country is already
embroiled in a raging debate over land acquisition law.
Grid
Curtailment
India’s grid infrastructure have been inadequate historically. Grid penetration is significantly poor.
The future risk of curtailment of power due to grid congestion, especially in high renewable penetration areas, can upset project cash
flows and return expectations. In an aggressive bidding scenario, developers may not be appropriately pricing in such risks. (For
example, Jharkhand where the average day time power demand is less than 1GW but the state has already tendered 1.2GW of solar
projects.)
The government is planning upgrades of transmission infrastructure through its green energy corridor program, but such projects
can typically take up to five years to become operational. In comparison, solar projects become operational within 12-18 months
25. Pg. 25 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
KEY CHALLENGES
Low Bidding levels:
Low bidding levels through reverse auctions have been a major concern at a time when the Indian banking sector is going
through its own challenges, which could make borrowing much more difficult in the short-term.
According to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) data, bank loans worth Rs.7 lakh crore ( about $103 billion) were under stress as of
the end of 2015. Currently, 19 developers have bid for 2.9 GW of solar projects below ₹ 5 (about $0.0735). About 1.2 GW of
these projects have signed power purchase agreements (PPAs).
Funding Blues:
At a capital cost of Rs. 5.30 crore per MW, the cost of setting up 100,000 MW of solar plants works out to Rs 5.30 lakh crore .
Even at a debt-to-equity ratio of 1:3, this will require debt to the tune of ₹ 3.5 to ₹ 4 lakh crore. Promoters will bring in
additional Rs.1.5 to Rs.1 lakh crore.
Another Rs. 7-8 lakh crore is required for grid infrastructure and equipment manufacturing.
As on 31st March 2016, POWERGRID has 2,55,667 MVA. This needs to be increased to 5,00,000 MVA by 2022 which needs
an investment of Rs. 43,000 crore.
Equipment conundrum:
At 5.6 GW per annum, India's solar module manufacturing capacity is woefully inadequate to meet the annual demand for
15 GW.
At the same time, India has mandated use of locally manufactured solar cells for 3,000 MW installations (where developers
have sought subsidies). The US has challenged these norms at the World Trade Organization
26. Pg. 26 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
DISCLAIMER
The purpose of this Document is to provide interested parties with information that may be useful to them in understanding
the content related to this document. This Document includes statements which may reflect various assumptions and
assessments arrived at by the RBSA Analysts. Such assumptions, assessments and statements do not purport to contain all
the information that each interested party may require. This Document may not be appropriate for all Persons, and it is not
possible for the RBSA, its employees or advisors to consider the investment objectives, financial situation and particular
needs of each party who reads or uses this Document.
The assumptions, assessments, statements and information contained in the Document may not be complete, accurate,
adequate or correct. Each interested party should, therefore, conduct its own investigations and analysis and should check
the accuracy, adequacy, correctness, reliability and completeness of the assumptions, assessments, statements and
information contained in this Document and obtain independent advice from appropriate sources.
Information provided in this Document has been collated from several sources some of which may depend upon
interpretation of Applicable Law. The information given is not intended to be an exhaustive account of statutory
requirements and should not be regarded as complete. RBSA accepts no responsibility for the accuracy or otherwise for any
statement contained in this document.
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statement or information contained therein or deemed to form part of this Document.
RBSA also accepts no liability of any nature whether resulting from negligence or otherwise howsoever caused arising from
reliance of any person upon the statements contained in this Document.
27. Pg. 27 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
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