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JULY 2016
RISE OF SOLAR POWER IN INDIA
Pg. 2 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
THE VISION
100 GW In 2014, India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a goal
to increase solar power capacity to 100 GW by 2022
15 GW MNRE has approved 15 GW of new
solar projects as on 31st March 2016
12 GW 12 GW of plants like to be
operation by March 2017
20 GW MNRE has approved 33 solar parks of
around 20 GW in 21 states
60 GW Of 100 GW, 60 GW will come from large
scale solar projects
40 GW Of 100 GW, 40 GW will come from roof top
solar
7.5 GW Solar installations cross 7.5
GW mark as of May 2016
“India is now graduating from
megawatts to gigawatts in
terms of renewable energy
production”
Narendra Modi
Pg. 3 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
43
39.7
34.4
25.6
18.9
8.6
6.6 5.6 5.1
2.5 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
China
Germany
Japan
USA
Italy
UK
France
India
Australia
Canada
SouthAfrica
Chile
Mexico
Phillipines
Thailand
Capcity(GW)
SOLAR POWER – GLOBAL OVERVIEW
Cumulative installed solar capacity (GW) as of 31-Dec- 2015
Source: IEA PVPS, Snapshot 2015 of Global PV markets; BRIDGE TO INDIA
 Globally, new solar capacity addition grew to 50 GW in 2015, y-o-y growth of 25%.
 Asian countries led by China and Japan dominated the global solar landscape, representing about 59% of the
global PV market in 2015. India added more than 2 GW capacity in 2015 to reach a cumulative capacity of 5.6 GW
by the end of the year.
India has taken
long strides in
solar and poised
to attain 5th
position globally
by end of
FY 15-16
Pg. 4 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL IN INDIA
Global Solar Radiation in India Source: TERI, IMD, MNRE
Located in
equatorial
sun belt of
the earth
Annual
global
radiation
varies from
1600 to
2200
kWh/m2
Energy
potential is
about 6,000
million
GWh of
energy per
year.
Clear sunny
weather is
experienced
250 to 300
days a year.
Pg. 5 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
INSTALLED POWER CAPACITY IN INDIA
Coal
62%
Gas
8%
Diesel
0.30%
Nuclear
2%
Hydro
14%
SHP
1%
Wind power
9%
Biomass
2%
Solar power
2%
RES
14%
Type Capacity (MW)
Coal 1,85,992.88
Gas 24,508.63
Diesel 918.89
Nuclear 5,780.00
Hydro 43,085.49
RES* 42,849.39
Total 3,02,833.20
Type Capacity (MW)
SHP 4273.47
Wind power 26866.66
Biomass 4946.41
Solar power 6998.85
*RES (Renewable energy sources) includes SHP (small
hydro power, Wind power, Biomass producers & solar
power as given by MNREBreakup of installed power
plant capacity in India as on
30-April-2016
Breakup of RES installed
capacity as give by MNRE as
on 30-April-2016
Year on year installed capacity of solar power in
India as on 30-April-2016
Source: MNRE, CEA
2 2 10 37
941
1645
2631
3981
6998.85
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
CapacityInstalledinMW
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67
94
143
145
386
405
528
776
793
1062
1119
1286
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Odisha
Chhattisgarh
Uttar Pradesh
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Punjab
Telangana
Madhya Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
Gujarat
Rajasthan
INSTALLED SOLAR POWER CAPACITY IN INDIA - STATE WISE
Installed solar power capacity in India as on 30-April-2016 of Top 12 states (in MW) Source: MNRE, PIB
Pg. 7 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
INDIA – NEW SOLAR PROJECTS (FY-2017)
Pg. 8 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
DEVELOPMENT PIPELINE
4.56
16.56
31.56
47.56
64.56
82.06
99.56
0
20
40
60
80
100
120 2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2019-20
2020-21
2021-22
CapacityinMW
Large scale (ground mounted) Roof top
Already achieved 5.8 GW
as on 31st March, 2016
YoY capacity addition of solar plants as per MNRE
MERCOM is forecasting solar installations in India to total approximately 5 GW for calendar year 2016.
Cumulative solar installations in India crossed the 7.5 GW mark as of May 2016 with about 2.2 GW installed
so far this year, more than all of the solar installations in 2015. India’s solar project pipeline has now
surpassed 22 GW with ~13 GW under construction and ~9 GW in the Request for Proposal (RfP) process
At the end of FY2015-16, solar
represented 2.5% of the net
installed capacity in India, up
from 1.4% a year ago
2%
17.4%
Solar accounted for 17.4% of all
renewable energy generation in
FY2015-16 compared to 10.5% in
FY2014-15, becoming fastest
growing RE source in India.
Pg. 9 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
BUSINESS MODELS IN SOLAR POWER
Types of policy
Central Government
projects
Public Sector
Companies
Distribution
Companies
EPC
Tenders
Private
developer
SECI
VGF based
bidding
NTPC
Tariff based
bidding
State Government
projects
Public Sector
Companies
State power
distribution companies
PPP & RPO
projects
Private
developers
State power distribution
companies
Fixed
tariff
Tariff based
bidding
Source: MNRE, SECI, Deutsche Bank Analysis on Solar, CERC
Pg. 10 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
STRONG GOVERNMENT POLICY SUPPORT
Type Detail
Solar Parks  GoI has approved on 10th December, 2014 a Scheme for setting up of 25 Solar Parks, to be developed in next 5
years in various States & will require Central Government financial support of Rs 4050 crore.
 These parks will be able to accommodate over 20,000 MW of solar power projects.
 As on date, 27 parks with capacity of about 18000 MW in 21 states have been sanctioned.
Off-grid Rooftop  It is proposed to set up 40 GW solar rooftop programmes where grid connectivity is already exist.
 15% Government subsidy for non-commercial & non-industrial categories for using domestic solar panels would be
provided.
PV Power Plants
on Canal Banks
and Canal Tops
 MNRE has planned scheme for grid connected SPV on canal banks & tops with estimated cost of Rs. 975 crore
 50 MW capacities under each category have been approved to 8 States (Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,
Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand and West Bengal).
1000 MW solar
PV by CPSUs
 Implementation of Scheme for setting up 1000 MW of Grid Connected Solar PV Power projects by CPSUs and GOI
organization’s with Viability Gap Funding in three years period from 2015-16 to 2017-18.
 About 100 MW have been allocated to various CPSUs under the scheme.
Solar Energy
Projects by
Unemployed
Youths & Farmers
 It is expected that about 10 GW solar projects would be setup.
 Innovative Financing of such projects could be possible as equity is being put up by the state, local bodies and
entrepreneurs.
Source: Press Information Bureau, Government of India, MNRE – Year end review - Solar Power Target Reset to 1 lac MW dated 15-Dec-2015
GoI = Government of India, PV = Photo Voltaic, CPSU = Central Public Sector Unit
Pg. 11 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
SUPPORT MECHANISMS FOR SOLAR
Support for
Solar
Feed in tariffs
Preferential tariffs provided by central and state regulators
are based on standard 15-16% post-tax ROE
State RE policies State RE policies have added significant RE capacities
Priority Sector
Lending
The Reserve Bank of India has included RE green energy
investments up to INR 150m under priority-sector lending.
For individual households, the loan limit will be INR 1m
for the borrower.
Exemptions &
incentives
10 year tax holiday. Excise & Custom duty exemptions for
most of the equipment, machinery ,etc.
Renewable
Purchase
obligations (RPO)
RPOs mandated by Electricity Act 2003 and National Tariff
policy. REC mechanisms launched to fulfil RPOS
Accelerated
Depreciation
A company is allowed to claim 80% AD of the investment
in the very first year of commissioning, which reduces the
overall tax liability
Pg. 12 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
APPROVED SOLAR PARKS
 The solar park is a concentrated zone of
development of solar power generation
projects and provides developers an
area that is well characterized, with
proper infrastructure and access to
amenities and where the risk of the
projects can be minimized.
 MNRE has approved 33 solar parks in
21 states with 19.9 GW capacity
 At the State level, the solar parks will
enable the States to bring in significant
investment from project developers,
meet its Solar Renewable Purchase
Obligation (RPO) mandate
Source: SECI, BRIDGE TO INDIA, MNRE
Pg. 13 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
TYPES OF SOLAR POWER PLANT
Types of Solar
Power Plant
Solar PV
Crystalline
Silicone cells
Poly
crystalline
Mono
crystalline
Thin film
cells
Thin film
Silicon
Amorphous
Mono
crystalline
CdTe CIS / CIGS
Solar
Thermal
Low
Temperature
Flat Plate
collectors
Solar
chimney
Solar Pond
Medium
Temperature
Parabolic
Trough
Fresnel
Collectors
High
Temperature
Central Tower
Parabolic Dish
Source: IFC, SECI, IRENA
• Cadmium Telluride (CdTe).
• Copper Indium Selenide (CIS).
• Copper Indium (Gallium) Di-Selenide (CIGS/CIS).
Pg. 14 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
COMPARISON OF PV & CSP
Particulars Solar PV Power Plants Solar Thermal Power Plants (CSP)
Working Principle
Works based on the principle of
photovoltaic effect.
Works on similar principle as that of
conventional thermal plants, only difference
being, solar concentrators are used to
generate steam.
O&M cost
Lower operation and maintenance
costs as no or very few moving and
rotating parts involved.
Operation and maintenance costs are higher
due to large number of moving and rotating
components in the system.
Capacity Utilization Factor
(CUF)*
CUFs in range of 15-16% CUFs in range of 22-24%
Capital Cost
Low initial investment costs
(~ 5-6 crores per MW)
High initial costs
(~11-12 crores per MW)
Cost of generation
Cost of generation in range of Rs. 6-8
per kWh.
Cost of generation in range of Rs. 12-13 per
kWh.
For hybrid mode
Difficult to run in hybrid mode (along
with conventional power plants)
Easy to run in a hybrid mode along with
conventional coal based or gas based thermal
power plants.
Performance
Satisfactory output even during rainy
seasons or in diffused radiation
Output drastically falls during rainy seasons
and during diffused ration.
*CUF is subjective based on the type of tracking, irradiation available, efficiency and grid constraints. CUF provided are typical ranges
Pg. 15 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
KEY DRIVERS
 Solar targets raised: India’s government has increased its
solar target fivefold to 100 GW by 2022.
 Cost decline is driving investments:. With capital cost
plunging from INR 1800 lacs/MW (USD 3m) in 2009 to
nearly INR 530 lakhs/MW vs. replacement cost of coal at
INR 500 to 600 lakhs/MW, grid parity is in sight and
utilities/investors will focus on commercial viability.
Going ahead, with anticipated improvement in
technology and increased supply of panels from
China/Europe, capital costs could stabilize at lower levels.
 Tariffs have been driven lower and are now near parity:
Solar tariffs have dropped 60% over last four years, from
INR 12.16/kWh in 2011 to almost INR 4.35/kWh in 2016 −
almost at parity with other conventional power sources.
Market expectations are that solar equipment prices
could drop a further 30-40% largely due to
technological/efficiency improvement.
Source: MNRE, CERC, PIB
805.8 797.01
670.8
605.85 530.02
0
200
400
600
800
1000
FY 12-13 FY 13-14 FY 14-15 FY 15-16 FY 16-17
INRlakhs/MW
Drop in capital cost for installation of
Solar PV plants
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ATTRACTING GLOBAL & LOCAL ATTENTION
Public
Sector
Developers
International
Renewable
Energy
Developers
Indian
Corporate
Groups
SBG Cleantech,
a joint venture
would invest
$20 billion
PV manufacturing plant in the Andhra
Pradesh of 2GW
Signed MoU of INR 2,800 crore
Employment to some 3,500 workers.
Pg. 17 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
BENCHMARK CAPITAL COST ANALYSIS OF SOLAR PV PLANT
Source: CERC Petition no. 17/SM/2015 dated 23rd March 2016
501.32
854.26
575.63
595.20 610.00 631.00
575.63
530.02
0
200
400
600
800
1000
CERC
(Proposed)
NHPC
Welspun
TATA
Suzlon
SunEdison
SPDA
CERC
(Accepted)
INRlaksh/MW
Notes:
1. Currency rate assumed by CERC is 66.59 INR/USD
2. Degradation of 0.5% is assumed by CERC on yearly basis
3. Land cost vary from state to state but CERC has retained land cost at Rs. 25 lakhs/MW
4. Cost of construction of overhead transmission line to nearest grid sub-station is not included.
Benchmark Capital Cost Accepted
by CERC for FY 2016-17
Benchmark Capital Cost analysis by CERC for FY 2016-17
Particulars Rs. lakhs/
MW
% of Total
cost
Land cost 25.00 4.7%
PV Modules 328.39 61.96%
Civil & General Works 35.00 6.6%
Mounting Structures 35.00 6.6%
Power Conditioning unit 35.00 6.6%
Evacuation 44.00 8.3%
Preliminary, Pre-ops & IDC 27.63 5.21%
Total Capital Cost 530.02 100%
Pg. 18 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
SOLAR POWER AUCTION DATA ACROSS INDIA
4
5
6
7
8
Chattisgarh
100MWApril14
Karnataka
500MW,Aug14
Telangana
500MW,Sep14
AndhraPradesh
500MW,Oct14
MadhyaPradesh
300MW,July15
Telangana
200MW,Aug15
Punjab
500MW,Sep15
Uttarakhand
170MW,Oct15
AndhraPradesh
500MW,Nov15
AndhraPradesh
350MW,Dec15
AndhraPradesh
150MWDCR,Dec15
Haryana
150MWDec15
Rajasthan
420MW,Jan16
Maharashtra
450MW,Jan16
UttarPradesh
100MW,Jan16
Karnataka
860MW,Mar16
Jharkhand
120MW,Mar16
Karnataka
500MW,Apr16
2014 2015 2016
WinningTariffRange(INR/kWh)
2.5x 2.8x
3.7x
2.6x 2.3x 2.4x
3.3x 2.8x
10.8x
6x 5.7x
4.3x
9.8x
0.5x
3.5x 2.9x 2.1x
4.5x
Source : Bridge to India
NSM ProjectsState Policy Projects
NSM= National Solar Mission
Pg. 19 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
DROP IN SOLAR TARIFF
150
350
25
25
60
125
150
75
226
270
130
130
100
500
500
500
100
250
215
300
500
1500
500
170
500
350
150
150
420
100
12.16
8.79 8.86 8.73
8.34 8.05
6.48 6.45 6.49
8.41
8.9
6.87 6.86 6.75 6.94 6.72
7.17
6.16
8.04
5.36
5.73
5.62
5.65
5.766
4.63 4.63
5.123 5
4.351
4.78
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0
400
800
1200
1600
NSMBatch1
NSMBatch2
OdishaPh-1
OdishaPh-2
Karntaka
MP
TamilNadu
Rajasthan
AP
PunjabPh-1
UPPh-1
KarnatakaPh-2
MPPh-2
APPh-2
Karnataka
Telangana
Punjab(5-24MW)
NTPCAnantpur
UPPh-2
MP
TelanganaGroup-1
TelanganaGroup-2
Punjab
Uttarakhand
AP-500MW
AP-300MW
AP-150MW
Haryana(Statescheme)
Rajasthan-420MW
UP-100MW
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
WeightedaveragepriceofunitinINR/kWh
CapcityofferedinMW
Capacity on offer (MW) Weighted average price (INR/kWH)
Source: MNRE, CERC, PIB
Pg. 20 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
TARIFF BASED INVESTOR PERSPECTIVE FOR SOLAR ENERGY
Key Parameters
Project Cost per megawatt INR 6 - 7 Crores
Debt Equity Ratio as per CERC Guidelines 70:30
Purchase Price Agreement(PPA) Rate INR 4.5 to 8.5
Pay back period 6 to 9 Years depending on PPA Rate
Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) 19-21%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ReturnonInvestment
Year
8.5 Rs./kWh 7.5 Rs./kWh 6.5 Rs./kWh 5.5 Rs./kWh 4.5 Rs./kWh
Following conditions have been considered: Interest Rate: 12% per Annum, Loan Tenure: 10 Years, CUF: 19% to 21%
Pg. 21 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
TARIFF BASED LENDER’S PERSPECTIVE FOR SOLAR ENERGY
Following conditions have been considered :
Interest Rate : 12% per Annum , Loan Tenure : 10 Years, Project Cost : 6-7 Crore/MW, CUF : 19% to 21%
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5
DebtServiceCoverageRatio
Tariff (INR/kWh)
Debt Service Coverage Ratio
Low Risk
Project
not Viable
High Risk
Moderate
Risk
Pg. 22 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT STAGES
Stages Bank perspective Main activities (Developer)
Stage-1 Site
Identification
 Identification of potential site(s)
 Funding of project development
 Development of rough technical concept
Stage-2 Pre-feasibility  Assessment of different technical options
 Approximate cost/benefit analysis
 Permitting needs and market assessment
Stage-3  First contact with
project developer
Feasibility
study
 Technical & financial evaluation of preferred option
 Assessment of financing options
 Initiation of permitting process & development of rough
technical concept
Stage-4  Due Diligence
 Financing Concept
Financing /
Contracts
 Permitting & Financing of project
 Contracting Strategy, supplier selection & contract
negotiation
Stage-5  Loan agreement Detailed design  Preparation of detailed design for all relevant lots
 Preparation of project implementation schedule
 Finalization of permitting process
Stage-6  Independent review
of construction
Construction  Construction Supervision
Stage-7  Independent review
of commissioning
Commissioning  Performance Testing
 Preparation of as build design (if required)
Source : Utility scale SPV for developers by IFC, MNRE
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TOP 10 MARKET LEADERS
Source: Bridge to India Ranking
Notes:
2014 rank has been calculated based on projects commissioned between Jan to Dec 2014.
2015 rank has been calculated for projects commissioned between Jan to Aug 2015 only
Pg. 24 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
KEY RISK TO SOLAR STORY
Risk Remarks
Distribution
Utility
Financials
 The key buyers of electricity , SEB (State electricity boards) have weak financials.
 Many large SEBs are under-recovering cost of power due to high T&D losses, non-remunerative tariffs as well as subsidized supplies,
and hence have huge accumulated losses.
Secondary
Power Support
 A massive injection of solar power of the scale envisaged may perturb grid stability. Solar farms, unlike coal and nuclear power
plants, cannot deliver the same amount of continuous electricity.
 When at 6pm solar power dips sharply and peak-load starts – this secondary support is provided by either gas-based projects or
pumped hydro schemes, which are absent or grossly inadequate
Land
availability
 To meet the solar targets, another big impediment is likely to be the land acquisition hurdle
 Every 1 MW requires approx. 5 acres of land (means for 100 GW would require 2,000 sq. km of land) when the country is already
embroiled in a raging debate over land acquisition law.
Grid
Curtailment
 India’s grid infrastructure have been inadequate historically. Grid penetration is significantly poor.
 The future risk of curtailment of power due to grid congestion, especially in high renewable penetration areas, can upset project cash
flows and return expectations. In an aggressive bidding scenario, developers may not be appropriately pricing in such risks. (For
example, Jharkhand where the average day time power demand is less than 1GW but the state has already tendered 1.2GW of solar
projects.)
 The government is planning upgrades of transmission infrastructure through its green energy corridor program, but such projects
can typically take up to five years to become operational. In comparison, solar projects become operational within 12-18 months
Pg. 25 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
KEY CHALLENGES
Low Bidding levels:
 Low bidding levels through reverse auctions have been a major concern at a time when the Indian banking sector is going
through its own challenges, which could make borrowing much more difficult in the short-term.
 According to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) data, bank loans worth Rs.7 lakh crore ( about $103 billion) were under stress as of
the end of 2015. Currently, 19 developers have bid for 2.9 GW of solar projects below ₹ 5 (about $0.0735). About 1.2 GW of
these projects have signed power purchase agreements (PPAs).
Funding Blues:
 At a capital cost of Rs. 5.30 crore per MW, the cost of setting up 100,000 MW of solar plants works out to Rs 5.30 lakh crore .
Even at a debt-to-equity ratio of 1:3, this will require debt to the tune of ₹ 3.5 to ₹ 4 lakh crore. Promoters will bring in
additional Rs.1.5 to Rs.1 lakh crore.
 Another Rs. 7-8 lakh crore is required for grid infrastructure and equipment manufacturing.
 As on 31st March 2016, POWERGRID has 2,55,667 MVA. This needs to be increased to 5,00,000 MVA by 2022 which needs
an investment of Rs. 43,000 crore.
Equipment conundrum:
 At 5.6 GW per annum, India's solar module manufacturing capacity is woefully inadequate to meet the annual demand for
15 GW.
 At the same time, India has mandated use of locally manufactured solar cells for 3,000 MW installations (where developers
have sought subsidies). The US has challenged these norms at the World Trade Organization
Pg. 26 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
DISCLAIMER
The purpose of this Document is to provide interested parties with information that may be useful to them in understanding
the content related to this document. This Document includes statements which may reflect various assumptions and
assessments arrived at by the RBSA Analysts. Such assumptions, assessments and statements do not purport to contain all
the information that each interested party may require. This Document may not be appropriate for all Persons, and it is not
possible for the RBSA, its employees or advisors to consider the investment objectives, financial situation and particular
needs of each party who reads or uses this Document.
The assumptions, assessments, statements and information contained in the Document may not be complete, accurate,
adequate or correct. Each interested party should, therefore, conduct its own investigations and analysis and should check
the accuracy, adequacy, correctness, reliability and completeness of the assumptions, assessments, statements and
information contained in this Document and obtain independent advice from appropriate sources.
Information provided in this Document has been collated from several sources some of which may depend upon
interpretation of Applicable Law. The information given is not intended to be an exhaustive account of statutory
requirements and should not be regarded as complete. RBSA accepts no responsibility for the accuracy or otherwise for any
statement contained in this document.
RBSA, its employees and advisors make no representation or warranty and shall have no liability to any Person under any law,
statute, rules or regulations or tort, principles of restitution or unjust enrichment or otherwise for any loss, damages, cost or
expense which may arise from or be incurred or suffered on account of anything contained in this Document or otherwise,
including the accuracy, adequacy, correctness, completeness or reliability of the Document and any assessment, assumption,
statement or information contained therein or deemed to form part of this Document.
RBSA also accepts no liability of any nature whether resulting from negligence or otherwise howsoever caused arising from
reliance of any person upon the statements contained in this Document.
Pg. 27 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only
CONTACT US
India Offices:
Mumbai Office:
21-23, T.V. Industrial Estate,
248-A, S.K. Ahire Marg,,
Off. Dr. A. B. Road, Worli,
Mumbai - 400 030
Tel : +91 22 6130 6000
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Connaught place,
New Delhi -110 001
Tel : +91 11 2335 0635/37
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Tel : +91 80 4112 8593
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Tel : +91 79 4050 6000
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Tel : +91 97243 20636
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Email: dubai@rbsa.in
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Singapore-048 695
Email: singapore@rbsa.in
Management:
Rajeev R. Shah | Managing Director & CEO Manish Kaneria | Director Gautam Mirchandani | Director
+91 79 4050 6070 +91 79 4050 6090 +91 22 6130 6000
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Research Analyst:
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Rbsa Research Report rise of solar power in India

  • 1. • Valuation • Investment Banking • Advisory Services JULY 2016 RISE OF SOLAR POWER IN INDIA
  • 2. Pg. 2 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only THE VISION 100 GW In 2014, India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a goal to increase solar power capacity to 100 GW by 2022 15 GW MNRE has approved 15 GW of new solar projects as on 31st March 2016 12 GW 12 GW of plants like to be operation by March 2017 20 GW MNRE has approved 33 solar parks of around 20 GW in 21 states 60 GW Of 100 GW, 60 GW will come from large scale solar projects 40 GW Of 100 GW, 40 GW will come from roof top solar 7.5 GW Solar installations cross 7.5 GW mark as of May 2016 “India is now graduating from megawatts to gigawatts in terms of renewable energy production” Narendra Modi
  • 3. Pg. 3 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only 43 39.7 34.4 25.6 18.9 8.6 6.6 5.6 5.1 2.5 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 10 20 30 40 50 China Germany Japan USA Italy UK France India Australia Canada SouthAfrica Chile Mexico Phillipines Thailand Capcity(GW) SOLAR POWER – GLOBAL OVERVIEW Cumulative installed solar capacity (GW) as of 31-Dec- 2015 Source: IEA PVPS, Snapshot 2015 of Global PV markets; BRIDGE TO INDIA  Globally, new solar capacity addition grew to 50 GW in 2015, y-o-y growth of 25%.  Asian countries led by China and Japan dominated the global solar landscape, representing about 59% of the global PV market in 2015. India added more than 2 GW capacity in 2015 to reach a cumulative capacity of 5.6 GW by the end of the year. India has taken long strides in solar and poised to attain 5th position globally by end of FY 15-16
  • 4. Pg. 4 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL IN INDIA Global Solar Radiation in India Source: TERI, IMD, MNRE Located in equatorial sun belt of the earth Annual global radiation varies from 1600 to 2200 kWh/m2 Energy potential is about 6,000 million GWh of energy per year. Clear sunny weather is experienced 250 to 300 days a year.
  • 5. Pg. 5 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only INSTALLED POWER CAPACITY IN INDIA Coal 62% Gas 8% Diesel 0.30% Nuclear 2% Hydro 14% SHP 1% Wind power 9% Biomass 2% Solar power 2% RES 14% Type Capacity (MW) Coal 1,85,992.88 Gas 24,508.63 Diesel 918.89 Nuclear 5,780.00 Hydro 43,085.49 RES* 42,849.39 Total 3,02,833.20 Type Capacity (MW) SHP 4273.47 Wind power 26866.66 Biomass 4946.41 Solar power 6998.85 *RES (Renewable energy sources) includes SHP (small hydro power, Wind power, Biomass producers & solar power as given by MNREBreakup of installed power plant capacity in India as on 30-April-2016 Breakup of RES installed capacity as give by MNRE as on 30-April-2016 Year on year installed capacity of solar power in India as on 30-April-2016 Source: MNRE, CEA 2 2 10 37 941 1645 2631 3981 6998.85 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 CapacityInstalledinMW
  • 6. Pg. 6 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only 67 94 143 145 386 405 528 776 793 1062 1119 1286 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Odisha Chhattisgarh Uttar Pradesh Karnataka Maharashtra Punjab Telangana Madhya Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Gujarat Rajasthan INSTALLED SOLAR POWER CAPACITY IN INDIA - STATE WISE Installed solar power capacity in India as on 30-April-2016 of Top 12 states (in MW) Source: MNRE, PIB
  • 7. Pg. 7 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only INDIA – NEW SOLAR PROJECTS (FY-2017)
  • 8. Pg. 8 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only DEVELOPMENT PIPELINE 4.56 16.56 31.56 47.56 64.56 82.06 99.56 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 CapacityinMW Large scale (ground mounted) Roof top Already achieved 5.8 GW as on 31st March, 2016 YoY capacity addition of solar plants as per MNRE MERCOM is forecasting solar installations in India to total approximately 5 GW for calendar year 2016. Cumulative solar installations in India crossed the 7.5 GW mark as of May 2016 with about 2.2 GW installed so far this year, more than all of the solar installations in 2015. India’s solar project pipeline has now surpassed 22 GW with ~13 GW under construction and ~9 GW in the Request for Proposal (RfP) process At the end of FY2015-16, solar represented 2.5% of the net installed capacity in India, up from 1.4% a year ago 2% 17.4% Solar accounted for 17.4% of all renewable energy generation in FY2015-16 compared to 10.5% in FY2014-15, becoming fastest growing RE source in India.
  • 9. Pg. 9 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only BUSINESS MODELS IN SOLAR POWER Types of policy Central Government projects Public Sector Companies Distribution Companies EPC Tenders Private developer SECI VGF based bidding NTPC Tariff based bidding State Government projects Public Sector Companies State power distribution companies PPP & RPO projects Private developers State power distribution companies Fixed tariff Tariff based bidding Source: MNRE, SECI, Deutsche Bank Analysis on Solar, CERC
  • 10. Pg. 10 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only STRONG GOVERNMENT POLICY SUPPORT Type Detail Solar Parks  GoI has approved on 10th December, 2014 a Scheme for setting up of 25 Solar Parks, to be developed in next 5 years in various States & will require Central Government financial support of Rs 4050 crore.  These parks will be able to accommodate over 20,000 MW of solar power projects.  As on date, 27 parks with capacity of about 18000 MW in 21 states have been sanctioned. Off-grid Rooftop  It is proposed to set up 40 GW solar rooftop programmes where grid connectivity is already exist.  15% Government subsidy for non-commercial & non-industrial categories for using domestic solar panels would be provided. PV Power Plants on Canal Banks and Canal Tops  MNRE has planned scheme for grid connected SPV on canal banks & tops with estimated cost of Rs. 975 crore  50 MW capacities under each category have been approved to 8 States (Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand and West Bengal). 1000 MW solar PV by CPSUs  Implementation of Scheme for setting up 1000 MW of Grid Connected Solar PV Power projects by CPSUs and GOI organization’s with Viability Gap Funding in three years period from 2015-16 to 2017-18.  About 100 MW have been allocated to various CPSUs under the scheme. Solar Energy Projects by Unemployed Youths & Farmers  It is expected that about 10 GW solar projects would be setup.  Innovative Financing of such projects could be possible as equity is being put up by the state, local bodies and entrepreneurs. Source: Press Information Bureau, Government of India, MNRE – Year end review - Solar Power Target Reset to 1 lac MW dated 15-Dec-2015 GoI = Government of India, PV = Photo Voltaic, CPSU = Central Public Sector Unit
  • 11. Pg. 11 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only SUPPORT MECHANISMS FOR SOLAR Support for Solar Feed in tariffs Preferential tariffs provided by central and state regulators are based on standard 15-16% post-tax ROE State RE policies State RE policies have added significant RE capacities Priority Sector Lending The Reserve Bank of India has included RE green energy investments up to INR 150m under priority-sector lending. For individual households, the loan limit will be INR 1m for the borrower. Exemptions & incentives 10 year tax holiday. Excise & Custom duty exemptions for most of the equipment, machinery ,etc. Renewable Purchase obligations (RPO) RPOs mandated by Electricity Act 2003 and National Tariff policy. REC mechanisms launched to fulfil RPOS Accelerated Depreciation A company is allowed to claim 80% AD of the investment in the very first year of commissioning, which reduces the overall tax liability
  • 12. Pg. 12 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only APPROVED SOLAR PARKS  The solar park is a concentrated zone of development of solar power generation projects and provides developers an area that is well characterized, with proper infrastructure and access to amenities and where the risk of the projects can be minimized.  MNRE has approved 33 solar parks in 21 states with 19.9 GW capacity  At the State level, the solar parks will enable the States to bring in significant investment from project developers, meet its Solar Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) mandate Source: SECI, BRIDGE TO INDIA, MNRE
  • 13. Pg. 13 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only TYPES OF SOLAR POWER PLANT Types of Solar Power Plant Solar PV Crystalline Silicone cells Poly crystalline Mono crystalline Thin film cells Thin film Silicon Amorphous Mono crystalline CdTe CIS / CIGS Solar Thermal Low Temperature Flat Plate collectors Solar chimney Solar Pond Medium Temperature Parabolic Trough Fresnel Collectors High Temperature Central Tower Parabolic Dish Source: IFC, SECI, IRENA • Cadmium Telluride (CdTe). • Copper Indium Selenide (CIS). • Copper Indium (Gallium) Di-Selenide (CIGS/CIS).
  • 14. Pg. 14 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only COMPARISON OF PV & CSP Particulars Solar PV Power Plants Solar Thermal Power Plants (CSP) Working Principle Works based on the principle of photovoltaic effect. Works on similar principle as that of conventional thermal plants, only difference being, solar concentrators are used to generate steam. O&M cost Lower operation and maintenance costs as no or very few moving and rotating parts involved. Operation and maintenance costs are higher due to large number of moving and rotating components in the system. Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF)* CUFs in range of 15-16% CUFs in range of 22-24% Capital Cost Low initial investment costs (~ 5-6 crores per MW) High initial costs (~11-12 crores per MW) Cost of generation Cost of generation in range of Rs. 6-8 per kWh. Cost of generation in range of Rs. 12-13 per kWh. For hybrid mode Difficult to run in hybrid mode (along with conventional power plants) Easy to run in a hybrid mode along with conventional coal based or gas based thermal power plants. Performance Satisfactory output even during rainy seasons or in diffused radiation Output drastically falls during rainy seasons and during diffused ration. *CUF is subjective based on the type of tracking, irradiation available, efficiency and grid constraints. CUF provided are typical ranges
  • 15. Pg. 15 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only KEY DRIVERS  Solar targets raised: India’s government has increased its solar target fivefold to 100 GW by 2022.  Cost decline is driving investments:. With capital cost plunging from INR 1800 lacs/MW (USD 3m) in 2009 to nearly INR 530 lakhs/MW vs. replacement cost of coal at INR 500 to 600 lakhs/MW, grid parity is in sight and utilities/investors will focus on commercial viability. Going ahead, with anticipated improvement in technology and increased supply of panels from China/Europe, capital costs could stabilize at lower levels.  Tariffs have been driven lower and are now near parity: Solar tariffs have dropped 60% over last four years, from INR 12.16/kWh in 2011 to almost INR 4.35/kWh in 2016 − almost at parity with other conventional power sources. Market expectations are that solar equipment prices could drop a further 30-40% largely due to technological/efficiency improvement. Source: MNRE, CERC, PIB 805.8 797.01 670.8 605.85 530.02 0 200 400 600 800 1000 FY 12-13 FY 13-14 FY 14-15 FY 15-16 FY 16-17 INRlakhs/MW Drop in capital cost for installation of Solar PV plants
  • 16. Pg. 16 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only ATTRACTING GLOBAL & LOCAL ATTENTION Public Sector Developers International Renewable Energy Developers Indian Corporate Groups SBG Cleantech, a joint venture would invest $20 billion PV manufacturing plant in the Andhra Pradesh of 2GW Signed MoU of INR 2,800 crore Employment to some 3,500 workers.
  • 17. Pg. 17 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only BENCHMARK CAPITAL COST ANALYSIS OF SOLAR PV PLANT Source: CERC Petition no. 17/SM/2015 dated 23rd March 2016 501.32 854.26 575.63 595.20 610.00 631.00 575.63 530.02 0 200 400 600 800 1000 CERC (Proposed) NHPC Welspun TATA Suzlon SunEdison SPDA CERC (Accepted) INRlaksh/MW Notes: 1. Currency rate assumed by CERC is 66.59 INR/USD 2. Degradation of 0.5% is assumed by CERC on yearly basis 3. Land cost vary from state to state but CERC has retained land cost at Rs. 25 lakhs/MW 4. Cost of construction of overhead transmission line to nearest grid sub-station is not included. Benchmark Capital Cost Accepted by CERC for FY 2016-17 Benchmark Capital Cost analysis by CERC for FY 2016-17 Particulars Rs. lakhs/ MW % of Total cost Land cost 25.00 4.7% PV Modules 328.39 61.96% Civil & General Works 35.00 6.6% Mounting Structures 35.00 6.6% Power Conditioning unit 35.00 6.6% Evacuation 44.00 8.3% Preliminary, Pre-ops & IDC 27.63 5.21% Total Capital Cost 530.02 100%
  • 18. Pg. 18 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only SOLAR POWER AUCTION DATA ACROSS INDIA 4 5 6 7 8 Chattisgarh 100MWApril14 Karnataka 500MW,Aug14 Telangana 500MW,Sep14 AndhraPradesh 500MW,Oct14 MadhyaPradesh 300MW,July15 Telangana 200MW,Aug15 Punjab 500MW,Sep15 Uttarakhand 170MW,Oct15 AndhraPradesh 500MW,Nov15 AndhraPradesh 350MW,Dec15 AndhraPradesh 150MWDCR,Dec15 Haryana 150MWDec15 Rajasthan 420MW,Jan16 Maharashtra 450MW,Jan16 UttarPradesh 100MW,Jan16 Karnataka 860MW,Mar16 Jharkhand 120MW,Mar16 Karnataka 500MW,Apr16 2014 2015 2016 WinningTariffRange(INR/kWh) 2.5x 2.8x 3.7x 2.6x 2.3x 2.4x 3.3x 2.8x 10.8x 6x 5.7x 4.3x 9.8x 0.5x 3.5x 2.9x 2.1x 4.5x Source : Bridge to India NSM ProjectsState Policy Projects NSM= National Solar Mission
  • 19. Pg. 19 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only DROP IN SOLAR TARIFF 150 350 25 25 60 125 150 75 226 270 130 130 100 500 500 500 100 250 215 300 500 1500 500 170 500 350 150 150 420 100 12.16 8.79 8.86 8.73 8.34 8.05 6.48 6.45 6.49 8.41 8.9 6.87 6.86 6.75 6.94 6.72 7.17 6.16 8.04 5.36 5.73 5.62 5.65 5.766 4.63 4.63 5.123 5 4.351 4.78 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 400 800 1200 1600 NSMBatch1 NSMBatch2 OdishaPh-1 OdishaPh-2 Karntaka MP TamilNadu Rajasthan AP PunjabPh-1 UPPh-1 KarnatakaPh-2 MPPh-2 APPh-2 Karnataka Telangana Punjab(5-24MW) NTPCAnantpur UPPh-2 MP TelanganaGroup-1 TelanganaGroup-2 Punjab Uttarakhand AP-500MW AP-300MW AP-150MW Haryana(Statescheme) Rajasthan-420MW UP-100MW 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 WeightedaveragepriceofunitinINR/kWh CapcityofferedinMW Capacity on offer (MW) Weighted average price (INR/kWH) Source: MNRE, CERC, PIB
  • 20. Pg. 20 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only TARIFF BASED INVESTOR PERSPECTIVE FOR SOLAR ENERGY Key Parameters Project Cost per megawatt INR 6 - 7 Crores Debt Equity Ratio as per CERC Guidelines 70:30 Purchase Price Agreement(PPA) Rate INR 4.5 to 8.5 Pay back period 6 to 9 Years depending on PPA Rate Capacity Utilization Factor (CUF) 19-21% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ReturnonInvestment Year 8.5 Rs./kWh 7.5 Rs./kWh 6.5 Rs./kWh 5.5 Rs./kWh 4.5 Rs./kWh Following conditions have been considered: Interest Rate: 12% per Annum, Loan Tenure: 10 Years, CUF: 19% to 21%
  • 21. Pg. 21 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only TARIFF BASED LENDER’S PERSPECTIVE FOR SOLAR ENERGY Following conditions have been considered : Interest Rate : 12% per Annum , Loan Tenure : 10 Years, Project Cost : 6-7 Crore/MW, CUF : 19% to 21% 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 DebtServiceCoverageRatio Tariff (INR/kWh) Debt Service Coverage Ratio Low Risk Project not Viable High Risk Moderate Risk
  • 22. Pg. 22 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only PROJECT DEVELOPMENT STAGES Stages Bank perspective Main activities (Developer) Stage-1 Site Identification  Identification of potential site(s)  Funding of project development  Development of rough technical concept Stage-2 Pre-feasibility  Assessment of different technical options  Approximate cost/benefit analysis  Permitting needs and market assessment Stage-3  First contact with project developer Feasibility study  Technical & financial evaluation of preferred option  Assessment of financing options  Initiation of permitting process & development of rough technical concept Stage-4  Due Diligence  Financing Concept Financing / Contracts  Permitting & Financing of project  Contracting Strategy, supplier selection & contract negotiation Stage-5  Loan agreement Detailed design  Preparation of detailed design for all relevant lots  Preparation of project implementation schedule  Finalization of permitting process Stage-6  Independent review of construction Construction  Construction Supervision Stage-7  Independent review of commissioning Commissioning  Performance Testing  Preparation of as build design (if required) Source : Utility scale SPV for developers by IFC, MNRE
  • 23. Pg. 23 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only TOP 10 MARKET LEADERS Source: Bridge to India Ranking Notes: 2014 rank has been calculated based on projects commissioned between Jan to Dec 2014. 2015 rank has been calculated for projects commissioned between Jan to Aug 2015 only
  • 24. Pg. 24 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only KEY RISK TO SOLAR STORY Risk Remarks Distribution Utility Financials  The key buyers of electricity , SEB (State electricity boards) have weak financials.  Many large SEBs are under-recovering cost of power due to high T&D losses, non-remunerative tariffs as well as subsidized supplies, and hence have huge accumulated losses. Secondary Power Support  A massive injection of solar power of the scale envisaged may perturb grid stability. Solar farms, unlike coal and nuclear power plants, cannot deliver the same amount of continuous electricity.  When at 6pm solar power dips sharply and peak-load starts – this secondary support is provided by either gas-based projects or pumped hydro schemes, which are absent or grossly inadequate Land availability  To meet the solar targets, another big impediment is likely to be the land acquisition hurdle  Every 1 MW requires approx. 5 acres of land (means for 100 GW would require 2,000 sq. km of land) when the country is already embroiled in a raging debate over land acquisition law. Grid Curtailment  India’s grid infrastructure have been inadequate historically. Grid penetration is significantly poor.  The future risk of curtailment of power due to grid congestion, especially in high renewable penetration areas, can upset project cash flows and return expectations. In an aggressive bidding scenario, developers may not be appropriately pricing in such risks. (For example, Jharkhand where the average day time power demand is less than 1GW but the state has already tendered 1.2GW of solar projects.)  The government is planning upgrades of transmission infrastructure through its green energy corridor program, but such projects can typically take up to five years to become operational. In comparison, solar projects become operational within 12-18 months
  • 25. Pg. 25 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only KEY CHALLENGES Low Bidding levels:  Low bidding levels through reverse auctions have been a major concern at a time when the Indian banking sector is going through its own challenges, which could make borrowing much more difficult in the short-term.  According to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) data, bank loans worth Rs.7 lakh crore ( about $103 billion) were under stress as of the end of 2015. Currently, 19 developers have bid for 2.9 GW of solar projects below ₹ 5 (about $0.0735). About 1.2 GW of these projects have signed power purchase agreements (PPAs). Funding Blues:  At a capital cost of Rs. 5.30 crore per MW, the cost of setting up 100,000 MW of solar plants works out to Rs 5.30 lakh crore . Even at a debt-to-equity ratio of 1:3, this will require debt to the tune of ₹ 3.5 to ₹ 4 lakh crore. Promoters will bring in additional Rs.1.5 to Rs.1 lakh crore.  Another Rs. 7-8 lakh crore is required for grid infrastructure and equipment manufacturing.  As on 31st March 2016, POWERGRID has 2,55,667 MVA. This needs to be increased to 5,00,000 MVA by 2022 which needs an investment of Rs. 43,000 crore. Equipment conundrum:  At 5.6 GW per annum, India's solar module manufacturing capacity is woefully inadequate to meet the annual demand for 15 GW.  At the same time, India has mandated use of locally manufactured solar cells for 3,000 MW installations (where developers have sought subsidies). The US has challenged these norms at the World Trade Organization
  • 26. Pg. 26 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only DISCLAIMER The purpose of this Document is to provide interested parties with information that may be useful to them in understanding the content related to this document. This Document includes statements which may reflect various assumptions and assessments arrived at by the RBSA Analysts. Such assumptions, assessments and statements do not purport to contain all the information that each interested party may require. This Document may not be appropriate for all Persons, and it is not possible for the RBSA, its employees or advisors to consider the investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of each party who reads or uses this Document. The assumptions, assessments, statements and information contained in the Document may not be complete, accurate, adequate or correct. Each interested party should, therefore, conduct its own investigations and analysis and should check the accuracy, adequacy, correctness, reliability and completeness of the assumptions, assessments, statements and information contained in this Document and obtain independent advice from appropriate sources. Information provided in this Document has been collated from several sources some of which may depend upon interpretation of Applicable Law. The information given is not intended to be an exhaustive account of statutory requirements and should not be regarded as complete. RBSA accepts no responsibility for the accuracy or otherwise for any statement contained in this document. RBSA, its employees and advisors make no representation or warranty and shall have no liability to any Person under any law, statute, rules or regulations or tort, principles of restitution or unjust enrichment or otherwise for any loss, damages, cost or expense which may arise from or be incurred or suffered on account of anything contained in this Document or otherwise, including the accuracy, adequacy, correctness, completeness or reliability of the Document and any assessment, assumption, statement or information contained therein or deemed to form part of this Document. RBSA also accepts no liability of any nature whether resulting from negligence or otherwise howsoever caused arising from reliance of any person upon the statements contained in this Document.
  • 27. Pg. 27 of 27Confidential – For internal circulation only CONTACT US India Offices: Mumbai Office: 21-23, T.V. Industrial Estate, 248-A, S.K. Ahire Marg,, Off. Dr. A. B. Road, Worli, Mumbai - 400 030 Tel : +91 22 6130 6000 Delhi Office : 9 C, Hansalaya Building, 15, Barakhambha Road, Connaught place, New Delhi -110 001 Tel : +91 11 2335 0635/37 Bangalore Office: Unit No. 104, 1st Floor, Sufiya Elite, #18, Cunningham Road, Near Sigma Mall, Bangalore - 560052 Tel : +91 80 4112 8593 Ahmedabad Office: 912, Venus Atlantis Corporate Park, Anand Nagar Rd, Prahaladnagar, Ahmedabad - 380 015 Tel : +91 79 4050 6000 Surat Office: 37, 3rd Floor, Meher Park, ‘A’, Athwa Gate, Ring Road, Surat - 395 001 Tel : +91 97243 20636 Jaipur Office: Karmayog, A-8, Metal Colony, Sikar Road, Jaipur - 302 023 Tel : +91 141 233 5892 Global Offices: New York Office: 212 Eastgate Dr. Monmouth Junction NJ 08852 , USA Tel: +1 813 751 6474 Email: newyork@rbsa.in Dubai Office : ABCN, P. O. Box 183125 4th Floor, Block-B, Business Village, Deira Dubai U.A.E. Tel : +971 4 230 6084 / 85 Mob : +971 55 478 6464 / +971 52 617 3699 Email: dubai@rbsa.in Singapore Office: 17,Phillip Street , #05-01,Grand Building, Singapore-048 695 Email: singapore@rbsa.in Management: Rajeev R. Shah | Managing Director & CEO Manish Kaneria | Director Gautam Mirchandani | Director +91 79 4050 6070 +91 79 4050 6090 +91 22 6130 6000 rajeev@rbsa.in manish@rbsa.in gautam.mirchandani@rbsa.in Research Analyst: Nirav Rami Binu Nair Darshan Dave +91 79 4050 6046 +91 79 4050 6044 +91 79 4050 6054 nirav.rami@rbsa.in binu.nair@rbsa.in darshan.dave@rbsa.in