Building Technology 1: Raw Materials applied as Finishes, and Decorative Panel

1. BTA-121N M/TH 6:00-7:30pm
Decorative Panel and
Finishing Materials

2. Decorative Panel
What are Decorative Panels?
 Serves as the visible exposed covering for a wall
 It is functional as well decorative, soundproofing for the wall and providing
insolation.
 Can reduce construction cost by providing consistent appearance to the
paneled surface without the requiring the application of paint or another
finishing material.
 Combined with uniformity of appearance along with measures of
durability or ease of replaceability

3. Water Hyacinth
Water hyacinth is a free-floating perennial
aquatic plant (or hydrophyte) native to tropi
cal and sub-tropical South America.
With broad, thick, glossy, ovate leaves, wat
er hyacinth may rise above the surface of t
he water as much as 1 meter in height.
The leaves are 10–20 cm across on a ste
m which is floating by means of buoyant b
ulb like nodules at its base above the wate
r surface.
They have long, spongy and bulbous stalk
s. The feathery, freely hanging roots are pu
rple-black. An erect stalk supports a single
spike of 8–15 conspicuously attractive flow
ers, mostly lavender to pink in color with si
x petals.

4. Water Hyacinth

5. Capiz Shells
The windowpane oyster (Placuna place
nta) is a bivalve marine mollusk in the fa
mily of Placunidae.
They are edible, but valued more for their
shells (and the rather small pearls).
The shells have been used for thousands
of years as a glass substitute because of
their durability and translucence.
More recently, they have been used in th
e manufacture of decorative items such a
s chandeliers and lampshades; in this us
e, the shell is known as the capiz or kapis
.
Capiz shells are also used as raw materi
als for glue, chalk and varnish.

6. Capiz Shells

7. Abaca
Also called manila hemp, abaca is extracted from
the leaf sheath around the trunk of the abaca pla
nt (Musa textilis), a close relative of the banana,
native to the Philippines and widely distributed in
the humid tropics. Harvesting abaca is labour int
ensive as each stalk must be cut into strips which
are scraped to remove the pulp. The fibers are th
en washed and dried.
Abaca is a leaf fiber, composed of long slim cells
that form part of the leaf's supporting structure. Li
gnin content is a high 15%. Abaca is prized for its
great mechanical strength, resistance to saltwate
r damage, and long fiber length – up to 3 m. The
best grades of abaca are fine, lustrous, light beig
e in colour and very strong.
During the 19th century abaca was widely used f
or ships' rigging, and pulped to make sturdy mani
la envelopes. Today, it is still used to make ropes
, twines, fishing lines and nets, as well as coarse
cloth for sacking. There is also a flourishing niche
market for abaca clothing, curtains, screens and f
urnishings, but paper-making is currently the mai
n use of the fibre.

8. Abaca

9. Teak
Teak (Tectona grandis) is a tropical hardwood tree
species placed in the flowering plant family Lamia
ceae.
Some forms of teak are known as Burmese teak,
Central Province teak (CP teak), as well as Nagpu
r teak T. grandis is a large, deciduous tree that occ
urs in mixed hardwood forests.
It has small, fragrant white flowers arranged in de
nse clusters (panicles) at the end of the branches.
These flowers contain both types of reproductive
organs (perfect flowers). The large, papery leaves
of teak trees are often hairy on the lower surface.
Teak wood has a leather-like smell when it is fresh
ly milled and is particularly valued for its durability
and water resistance.
The wood is used for boat building, exterior constr
uction, veneer, furniture, carving, turnings, and oth
er small wood projects.

10. Teak

11. Finishing Materials
What are Finishes?
 Finishes are used in the final part of the construction or manufacturing pr
ocess, forming the final surface of an element.
 They can protect the element they finish from impact, water, frost, corrosi
on, abrasion, and so on, and/or they can be decorative.
 Finishes commonly relate to internal surfaces, but they may also be appli
ed to external elements.
 Some elements are self-finished, that is the final surface is part of the mat
erial the element is formed from.
 The application of finishes may involve the build up of more than layer, w
hich whilst some of the layers will form the final exposed surface

12. Corals
 Coral reefs in places such as th
e East African coast are used a
s a source of building materials.
 Corals was once used as buildi
ng stone, and can be seen in so
me of the oldest buildings (espe
cially oldest baroque churches h
ere in Philippines).

13. Corals

14. Corals
The San Pedro Apostol Parish Church- commonly
known as Loboc Church in the municipality of Loboc
, Bohol

15. Clay
 Clay minerals typically form over long pe
riods of time as a result of the gradual ch
emical weathering of rocks, usually silica
te-bearing, by low concentrations of carb
onic acid and other diluted solvents.
 There are two types of clay deposits: pri
mary and secondary. Primary clays form
as residual deposits in soil and remain at
the site of formation.
 Secondary clays are clays that have bee
n transported from their original location
by water erosion and deposited in a new
sedimentary deposit.
 Clay deposits are typically associated wit
h very low energy depositional environm
ents such as large lakes and marine basi
ns.

16. Clay

17. Stones
Rocks are composed of grains of miner
als, which are homogeneous solids form
ed from a chemical compound arranged
in an orderly manner.
The aggregate minerals forming the roc
k are held together by chemical bonds.
The types and abundance of minerals in
a rock are determined by the manner in
which it was formed.
Rocks are classified according to chara
cteristics such as mineral and chemical
composition, permeability, texture of the
constituent particles, and particle size.
These physical properties are the result
of the processes that formed the rocks.
Over the course of time, rocks can trans
form from one type into another, as des
cribed by a geological model called the r
ock cycle.

18. Stones
Church of Ina Poon Bato- in Botolan,
Zambales

19. Seashells
A seashell or sea shell, also known simply a
s a shell, is a hard, protective outer layer cr
eated by an animal that lives in the sea. Th
e shell is part of the body of the animal. E
mpty seashells are often found washed up
on beaches by beachcombers. The shells ar
e empty because the animal has died and t
he soft parts have been eaten by another a
nimal or have decomposed.
A seashell is usually the exoskeleton of an in
vertebrate (an animal without a backbone), a
nd is typically composed of calcium carbonat
e or chitin. Most shells that are found on bea
ches are the shells of marine mollusks, partly
because these shells are usually made of cal
cium carbonate, and endure better than shell
s made of chitin.

20. Seashells