This document discusses Immune-Aid, a natural supplement for dogs intended to boost the immune system. It contains raw meats, fruits, vegetables, cottage cheese, yogurt, eggs, and herbs like garlic and spirulina. The ingredients are chosen because raw foods maintain more nutrients than cooked foods. Freezing is used instead of cooking to avoid nutrient loss while killing pathogens. Testing over 8 years showed benefits for immunity and recovery from illness. The supplement aims to provide a complete diet that supports optimal health.
Sponsor Day on animal feeding: Animal Welfare: definition, assessment and imp...Irta
This document discusses animal welfare and how feed additives may potentially improve it. It defines animal welfare using concepts like freedom from fear/distress, hunger/thirst, discomfort, and ability to express natural behaviors. Animal welfare is assessed using behavioral, physiological, and performance-based criteria. The document provides an example using feed additives in weaned piglets' diets. Studies found certain additives improved feeding motivation and preference over control diets in short-term tests. However, effects varied by additive type and concentration, and long-term impacts need more research. While feed additives may help animals in transitions, their effects depend on individual animal factors and housing conditions. A multi-criteria approach is needed to fully assess
The document compares the efficacy of three commercial herbal products (Livol, Livotal, Hepatopromoter) on the performance and immune response of broiler chickens. Supplementation of the herbal products significantly improved weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and lowered mortality compared to the control group without supplementation. While the herbal products did not significantly affect organ weights, they did significantly improve antibody titers against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease viruses. Overall, supplementation with Hepatopromoter resulted in the highest broiler weight gain and profitability.
Effects of feeding a saccharomyces cerevisiaeRahardi Gautama
1) The study evaluated the effects of feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation prototype without antibiotics on the performance, health and carcass characteristics of beef heifers compared to a control diet containing antibiotics.
2) 1,495 crossbred heifers were fed one of two diets - a control diet containing monensin, tylosin and direct-fed microbials, or a diet containing an Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation prototype without antibiotics.
3) There were no differences between the diets for growth performance, carcass characteristics, morbidity or mortality. Heifers fed the prototype diet had numerically fewer liver abscesses. Replacing antibiotics with the fermentation prototype
Feed additives are ingredients added to animal feed to fulfill specific needs. The FDA regulates their use and new additives require clearance. Additives are used to alter animal metabolism, growth, pH, microflora and more. Major classes include growth promoters, medicines, hormones, and others like antioxidants. Common growth promoters are antibiotics and chemotherapeutics which work by inhibiting bacterial cell processes. Medicinal additives prevent issues like coccidiosis. Hormone-like additives can promote growth and milk production.
Effect of Herbal Medicine Supplementations (Arsilvon Super, Bedgen40 and Hepa-cure Herbal Medicines) on Growth Performance, Immunity and Haematological Profile in Broilers
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT EXTRACTS ON THE SHELF LIFE OF FUNCTI...akdasivri
Chicken meat nuggets were incorporated with three different anti oxidant
extracts (1% level) of curry leaf (T1), guava leaf (T2) and green tea (T3)
separately along with control and stored at frozen temperature to study the antioxidant effect on the physico chemical, microbiological and sensory attributes. The results revealed that on advancement of storage period, the overall mean scores of physico chemical and microbiological parameters
were increased (P<0.05) and sensory scores were decreased (P<0.05)
irrespective of treatment. However, green tea incorporated nuggets (T3) showed (P<0.05) significantly lower scores for pH, TBARS, free fatty acid
value and SPC than other treatments. Higher (P<0.05) sensory scores were
observed for nuggets incorporated with green tea extract than control and
other treated samples. Curry leaf and guava leaf extract incorporated nuggets also had minor antioxidant effect on selected parameters than the control but not up to the level of green tea extract
A study evaluated the effects of direct-fed microbials on broiler chickens. It involved 1,000 broiler chickens split into two treatment groups - a control group and one supplemented with Bacillus subtilis. The study found that supplementing feed with Bacillus subtilis at a rate of 50 mg/kg improved feed conversion ratio and increased average daily weight gain compared to the unsupplemented control group.
Sponsor Day on animal feeding: Animal Welfare: definition, assessment and imp...Irta
This document discusses animal welfare and how feed additives may potentially improve it. It defines animal welfare using concepts like freedom from fear/distress, hunger/thirst, discomfort, and ability to express natural behaviors. Animal welfare is assessed using behavioral, physiological, and performance-based criteria. The document provides an example using feed additives in weaned piglets' diets. Studies found certain additives improved feeding motivation and preference over control diets in short-term tests. However, effects varied by additive type and concentration, and long-term impacts need more research. While feed additives may help animals in transitions, their effects depend on individual animal factors and housing conditions. A multi-criteria approach is needed to fully assess
The document compares the efficacy of three commercial herbal products (Livol, Livotal, Hepatopromoter) on the performance and immune response of broiler chickens. Supplementation of the herbal products significantly improved weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and lowered mortality compared to the control group without supplementation. While the herbal products did not significantly affect organ weights, they did significantly improve antibody titers against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease viruses. Overall, supplementation with Hepatopromoter resulted in the highest broiler weight gain and profitability.
Effects of feeding a saccharomyces cerevisiaeRahardi Gautama
1) The study evaluated the effects of feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation prototype without antibiotics on the performance, health and carcass characteristics of beef heifers compared to a control diet containing antibiotics.
2) 1,495 crossbred heifers were fed one of two diets - a control diet containing monensin, tylosin and direct-fed microbials, or a diet containing an Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation prototype without antibiotics.
3) There were no differences between the diets for growth performance, carcass characteristics, morbidity or mortality. Heifers fed the prototype diet had numerically fewer liver abscesses. Replacing antibiotics with the fermentation prototype
Feed additives are ingredients added to animal feed to fulfill specific needs. The FDA regulates their use and new additives require clearance. Additives are used to alter animal metabolism, growth, pH, microflora and more. Major classes include growth promoters, medicines, hormones, and others like antioxidants. Common growth promoters are antibiotics and chemotherapeutics which work by inhibiting bacterial cell processes. Medicinal additives prevent issues like coccidiosis. Hormone-like additives can promote growth and milk production.
Effect of Herbal Medicine Supplementations (Arsilvon Super, Bedgen40 and Hepa-cure Herbal Medicines) on Growth Performance, Immunity and Haematological Profile in Broilers
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NATURAL ANTIOXIDANT EXTRACTS ON THE SHELF LIFE OF FUNCTI...akdasivri
Chicken meat nuggets were incorporated with three different anti oxidant
extracts (1% level) of curry leaf (T1), guava leaf (T2) and green tea (T3)
separately along with control and stored at frozen temperature to study the antioxidant effect on the physico chemical, microbiological and sensory attributes. The results revealed that on advancement of storage period, the overall mean scores of physico chemical and microbiological parameters
were increased (P<0.05) and sensory scores were decreased (P<0.05)
irrespective of treatment. However, green tea incorporated nuggets (T3) showed (P<0.05) significantly lower scores for pH, TBARS, free fatty acid
value and SPC than other treatments. Higher (P<0.05) sensory scores were
observed for nuggets incorporated with green tea extract than control and
other treated samples. Curry leaf and guava leaf extract incorporated nuggets also had minor antioxidant effect on selected parameters than the control but not up to the level of green tea extract
A study evaluated the effects of direct-fed microbials on broiler chickens. It involved 1,000 broiler chickens split into two treatment groups - a control group and one supplemented with Bacillus subtilis. The study found that supplementing feed with Bacillus subtilis at a rate of 50 mg/kg improved feed conversion ratio and increased average daily weight gain compared to the unsupplemented control group.
This study investigated whether dietary supplementation with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could prevent negative effects from aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) intoxication in broiler chickens. Chickens were fed either a control diet, AFB1 alone at 3 mg/kg, NAC alone at 800 mg/kg body weight, or a combination of AFB1 and NAC. Results showed that NAC decreased the severity of AFB1 toxicity effects by improving body weight gain, feed conversion, liver and kidney health, and decreasing plasma ALT activity. NAC was able to prevent many of the harmful impacts of AFB1 intoxication in broiler chickens without affecting normal production parameters.
Control of feed and water intake in poultryOssama Motawae
This document discusses control of feed and water intake in poultry. It covers control of food intake including appetite control, feeding rhythms, and factors determining appetite such as feed shape, smell, color, taste, physical and metabolic signals, and osmotic pressure. It also discusses control of water intake and its relationship to food intake. Factors such as water restriction, feed restriction, and hypothalamic control of water intake are addressed.
Safe Food, Fair Food: Summary of findings within sheep value chains in the Et...ILRI
Presented by Barbara Rischkowsky, Tamsin Dewe and Krstina Rosel at the Multi-stakeholder Workshop for Targeting Action Research on Small Ruminant Value Chains in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 14th-15th March 2013
This document discusses various implants and feed additives used in livestock production. It describes different types of implants including estrogen-based, progesterone, androgen-based, and combination implants. It explains their modes of action in increasing average daily gain, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics. The document also outlines categories of feed additives like ionophores, antibiotics, beta-agonists, buffers, and natural additives. It notes the benefits of ionophores in improving energy and protein metabolism in ruminants. In conclusion, the document emphasizes following label directions and doing research when using implants and additives.
Effect of probiotic (saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance of broilerOssama Motawae
The document summarizes a study on the effects of supplementing broiler chickens' diets with the probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The study found that supplementing diets with 0.5-2% S. cerevisiae resulted in increased body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency in broilers compared to the control group. No negative effects were observed on organ weights or hematological parameters. The beneficial effects are thought to be due to the nutritional and immunological impacts of S. cerevisiae on the intestinal microflora.
Curcuma longa, also known as turmeric, is a plant that is native to Indonesia and southern India. It has been used medicinally in those regions for over 5,000 years. Curcumin is the active compound in turmeric that has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Research suggests that curcumin's ability to inhibit inflammatory pathways and cytokines makes it a potential treatment for COVID-19 by reducing the severity of symptoms.
The document discusses various types of feed additives that are administered to animals and poultry to enhance nutrient effectiveness and digestion. It describes antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, antioxidants, emulsifiers, binders, organic acids, enzymes, phytogenics, and other additives. For each type, it provides examples and explains their modes of action, such as reducing pathogens, increasing nutrient absorption, and improving gut health. The document also notes that overuse of antibiotics as growth promoters can lead to antibiotic resistance.
Veganism is a philosophy and lifestyle that seeks to avoid exploiting and causing harm to animals. The Veganuary campaign encourages people to try going vegan for the month of January, with over 3,200 people committing to participate in 2014. Veganism not only helps reduce animal suffering and benefits the environment, but also improves personal health as vegans consume more fruits and vegetables. However, vegans need to ensure they get enough vitamin B12, which is found in animal products, through supplements or fortified foods. The meat industry has a large environmental impact through greenhouse gas emissions and water use.
This document provides an overview of functional meat products. It defines functional foods and discusses opportunities and drivers for their development, including growing health issues. Meat can act as an excellent vehicle for delivering bioactive compounds. Strategies for developing functional meat products include modifying animal diets and feed to alter the fatty acid or nutrient composition of meat. Products can also be reformulated by reducing fat content, adding plant proteins, probiotics, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, or antioxidants. Unhealthy compounds like sodium can also be reduced. Functional meat products could help address health issues like obesity if their effects are substantiated in human studies.
The document discusses the history and composition of capsicum sp. (paprika). It notes that Christopher Columbus was the first European to taste paprika, mistakenly thinking he had reached India. Paprika originated in South America and was cultivated by indigenous peoples as early as 5000 BCE before spreading to Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East after Columbus brought it back. Turks introduced paprika to Serbia. The main active compounds in paprika that give it its pungency and color are capsaicinoids such as capsaicin. Higher levels of carotenoids contribute to the red color in ripe paprika. Several compounds in paprika and other spices like turmeric, ginger and garlic have shown antiviral effects
The document introduces three new protein powder products - P4, PEP2, and PFP2 - which are designed to provide the health benefits of meat-based proteins without the ethical and environmental downsides of industrial meat production. P4 uses pumpkin seed protein, PEP2 uses egg whites, and PFP2 uses fish collagen protein. These base proteins are enhanced with additional nutrients typically missing from plant-based diets to create complete paleo-friendly protein options. The document encourages learning more about the science behind these products.
This document discusses veganism and some of the questions and debates surrounding it. It notes that while veganism has grown in popularity, some are skeptical of whether it can provide adequate nutrition compared to diets including animal products. It outlines potential questions about veganism's health impacts and effects on industries and the environment. Sources of research on veganism from databases and organizations are listed, as are specific studies. Challenges in researching long-term vegan diet effects and finding consensus on "healthy" are raised. The relevance of understanding veganism is discussed.
Humans are likely herbivorous by nature based on biological evidence. Humans have longer digestive tracts, weaker stomach acid, and teeth and jaws adapted for grinding plant material rather than tearing flesh like carnivores. While early human ancestors ate small amounts of meat, modern humans only widely incorporated meat into their diets in recent centuries. A high meat diet has been linked to many modern health issues, and humans display biological traits more similar to herbivores.
The document discusses the effects of Artemisia annua leaf powder and extract on broiler immunity and performance. It finds that supplements of A. annua increased broiler daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. It also increased immune system markers like antibody responses to antigens, swelling in response to mitogens, and weights of immune organs like the thymus and bursa of fabricius, indicating enhanced cellular and humoral immunity. The highest improvements were seen with 4000 ppm of the methanolic extract and 1% of the leaf powder.
Effects of Probiotics Feeding Technology on Weight Gain of Indigenous Chicken...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Alo Vera Immune Stimulant Effect in PoultryOssama Motawae
This study examined the effects of different levels of aloe vera gel (AVG) in drinking water on stimulating the immune system of broilers. 240 male chickens were divided into groups that received 0% (control), 1%, 2%, or 3% AVG in their water. Groups receiving AVG had significantly higher antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus on days 26 and 36 compared to the control, with the 3% group having the highest. Higher antibody titers correlated with increased white blood cell counts. By day 42, the spleens and bursas of chickens in the 2% and 3% groups weighed significantly more than the control, indicating immune system stimulation by the polysaccharides in AVG.
The document discusses phytochemicals and their potential benefits as animal feed supplements, noting that phytochemicals from plants may provide antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immune-stimulating effects as alternatives to antibiotic use. It also outlines some limitations of phytochemical supplements including a lack of standardization and scientific evidence. Methods for standardizing herbal formulations are proposed based on WHO guidelines to help address these limitations.
Understanding the Different Kinds of Beef in the MarketplaceMark Moreno
The U.S. beef industry offers products that appeal to potential
customers. It accomplishes this through fresh beef identified
by different USDA quality grades (Prime, Choice and Select),
company brands and production methods (conventional, natural,
grass-finished and organic).
The taste, texture, tenderness and other properties of products
carrying these designations can vary, and marketers may
capitalize on the attributes that objectively describe their
products and their production methods. That’s the nature
of marketing.
It is important, though, that proponents of these types of
production methods not misrepresent their beef or beef from
animals raised conventionally. To claim conventional beef
is inferior because it contains minute additional quantities
of certain chemicals (e.g., hormones or pesticides), when the
amounts are insignificant and proven safe by science is not
appropriate. To say that grass-finished beef is superior because
it contains minute additional quantities of certain chemicals
(e.g., conjugated linoleic acid or vitamin E) when it is not
reasonably possible to eat enough to improve personal health,
also is not appropriate.
The U.S. beef industry has a wide variety of types of beef from
which consumers can choose, all of which are safe, wholesome
and nutritious. Conventional, natural, grass-finished and organic
beef are defined by production and marketing distinctions, not
by nutritional or safety differences.
http://www.beefresearch.org/CMDocs/BeefResearch/Beef%20Choices.pdf
This document provides an overview of nutraceuticals. It defines nutraceuticals as products isolated from food that are sold as dietary supplements with the intent of treating or preventing disease. The document traces the origins of the term nutraceutical and outlines how they are classified based on source, condition treated, or chemical group. Key points include that nutraceuticals may contain nutrients like vitamins, minerals, herbs, prebiotics or probiotics. The document concludes that a diet rich in nutraceuticals can maximize health when combined with other healthy behaviors.
This study investigated whether dietary supplementation with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could prevent negative effects from aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) intoxication in broiler chickens. Chickens were fed either a control diet, AFB1 alone at 3 mg/kg, NAC alone at 800 mg/kg body weight, or a combination of AFB1 and NAC. Results showed that NAC decreased the severity of AFB1 toxicity effects by improving body weight gain, feed conversion, liver and kidney health, and decreasing plasma ALT activity. NAC was able to prevent many of the harmful impacts of AFB1 intoxication in broiler chickens without affecting normal production parameters.
Control of feed and water intake in poultryOssama Motawae
This document discusses control of feed and water intake in poultry. It covers control of food intake including appetite control, feeding rhythms, and factors determining appetite such as feed shape, smell, color, taste, physical and metabolic signals, and osmotic pressure. It also discusses control of water intake and its relationship to food intake. Factors such as water restriction, feed restriction, and hypothalamic control of water intake are addressed.
Safe Food, Fair Food: Summary of findings within sheep value chains in the Et...ILRI
Presented by Barbara Rischkowsky, Tamsin Dewe and Krstina Rosel at the Multi-stakeholder Workshop for Targeting Action Research on Small Ruminant Value Chains in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 14th-15th March 2013
This document discusses various implants and feed additives used in livestock production. It describes different types of implants including estrogen-based, progesterone, androgen-based, and combination implants. It explains their modes of action in increasing average daily gain, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics. The document also outlines categories of feed additives like ionophores, antibiotics, beta-agonists, buffers, and natural additives. It notes the benefits of ionophores in improving energy and protein metabolism in ruminants. In conclusion, the document emphasizes following label directions and doing research when using implants and additives.
Effect of probiotic (saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance of broilerOssama Motawae
The document summarizes a study on the effects of supplementing broiler chickens' diets with the probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The study found that supplementing diets with 0.5-2% S. cerevisiae resulted in increased body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency in broilers compared to the control group. No negative effects were observed on organ weights or hematological parameters. The beneficial effects are thought to be due to the nutritional and immunological impacts of S. cerevisiae on the intestinal microflora.
Curcuma longa, also known as turmeric, is a plant that is native to Indonesia and southern India. It has been used medicinally in those regions for over 5,000 years. Curcumin is the active compound in turmeric that has been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Research suggests that curcumin's ability to inhibit inflammatory pathways and cytokines makes it a potential treatment for COVID-19 by reducing the severity of symptoms.
The document discusses various types of feed additives that are administered to animals and poultry to enhance nutrient effectiveness and digestion. It describes antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, antioxidants, emulsifiers, binders, organic acids, enzymes, phytogenics, and other additives. For each type, it provides examples and explains their modes of action, such as reducing pathogens, increasing nutrient absorption, and improving gut health. The document also notes that overuse of antibiotics as growth promoters can lead to antibiotic resistance.
Veganism is a philosophy and lifestyle that seeks to avoid exploiting and causing harm to animals. The Veganuary campaign encourages people to try going vegan for the month of January, with over 3,200 people committing to participate in 2014. Veganism not only helps reduce animal suffering and benefits the environment, but also improves personal health as vegans consume more fruits and vegetables. However, vegans need to ensure they get enough vitamin B12, which is found in animal products, through supplements or fortified foods. The meat industry has a large environmental impact through greenhouse gas emissions and water use.
This document provides an overview of functional meat products. It defines functional foods and discusses opportunities and drivers for their development, including growing health issues. Meat can act as an excellent vehicle for delivering bioactive compounds. Strategies for developing functional meat products include modifying animal diets and feed to alter the fatty acid or nutrient composition of meat. Products can also be reformulated by reducing fat content, adding plant proteins, probiotics, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins, or antioxidants. Unhealthy compounds like sodium can also be reduced. Functional meat products could help address health issues like obesity if their effects are substantiated in human studies.
The document discusses the history and composition of capsicum sp. (paprika). It notes that Christopher Columbus was the first European to taste paprika, mistakenly thinking he had reached India. Paprika originated in South America and was cultivated by indigenous peoples as early as 5000 BCE before spreading to Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East after Columbus brought it back. Turks introduced paprika to Serbia. The main active compounds in paprika that give it its pungency and color are capsaicinoids such as capsaicin. Higher levels of carotenoids contribute to the red color in ripe paprika. Several compounds in paprika and other spices like turmeric, ginger and garlic have shown antiviral effects
The document introduces three new protein powder products - P4, PEP2, and PFP2 - which are designed to provide the health benefits of meat-based proteins without the ethical and environmental downsides of industrial meat production. P4 uses pumpkin seed protein, PEP2 uses egg whites, and PFP2 uses fish collagen protein. These base proteins are enhanced with additional nutrients typically missing from plant-based diets to create complete paleo-friendly protein options. The document encourages learning more about the science behind these products.
This document discusses veganism and some of the questions and debates surrounding it. It notes that while veganism has grown in popularity, some are skeptical of whether it can provide adequate nutrition compared to diets including animal products. It outlines potential questions about veganism's health impacts and effects on industries and the environment. Sources of research on veganism from databases and organizations are listed, as are specific studies. Challenges in researching long-term vegan diet effects and finding consensus on "healthy" are raised. The relevance of understanding veganism is discussed.
Humans are likely herbivorous by nature based on biological evidence. Humans have longer digestive tracts, weaker stomach acid, and teeth and jaws adapted for grinding plant material rather than tearing flesh like carnivores. While early human ancestors ate small amounts of meat, modern humans only widely incorporated meat into their diets in recent centuries. A high meat diet has been linked to many modern health issues, and humans display biological traits more similar to herbivores.
The document discusses the effects of Artemisia annua leaf powder and extract on broiler immunity and performance. It finds that supplements of A. annua increased broiler daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. It also increased immune system markers like antibody responses to antigens, swelling in response to mitogens, and weights of immune organs like the thymus and bursa of fabricius, indicating enhanced cellular and humoral immunity. The highest improvements were seen with 4000 ppm of the methanolic extract and 1% of the leaf powder.
Effects of Probiotics Feeding Technology on Weight Gain of Indigenous Chicken...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Alo Vera Immune Stimulant Effect in PoultryOssama Motawae
This study examined the effects of different levels of aloe vera gel (AVG) in drinking water on stimulating the immune system of broilers. 240 male chickens were divided into groups that received 0% (control), 1%, 2%, or 3% AVG in their water. Groups receiving AVG had significantly higher antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus on days 26 and 36 compared to the control, with the 3% group having the highest. Higher antibody titers correlated with increased white blood cell counts. By day 42, the spleens and bursas of chickens in the 2% and 3% groups weighed significantly more than the control, indicating immune system stimulation by the polysaccharides in AVG.
The document discusses phytochemicals and their potential benefits as animal feed supplements, noting that phytochemicals from plants may provide antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immune-stimulating effects as alternatives to antibiotic use. It also outlines some limitations of phytochemical supplements including a lack of standardization and scientific evidence. Methods for standardizing herbal formulations are proposed based on WHO guidelines to help address these limitations.
Understanding the Different Kinds of Beef in the MarketplaceMark Moreno
The U.S. beef industry offers products that appeal to potential
customers. It accomplishes this through fresh beef identified
by different USDA quality grades (Prime, Choice and Select),
company brands and production methods (conventional, natural,
grass-finished and organic).
The taste, texture, tenderness and other properties of products
carrying these designations can vary, and marketers may
capitalize on the attributes that objectively describe their
products and their production methods. That’s the nature
of marketing.
It is important, though, that proponents of these types of
production methods not misrepresent their beef or beef from
animals raised conventionally. To claim conventional beef
is inferior because it contains minute additional quantities
of certain chemicals (e.g., hormones or pesticides), when the
amounts are insignificant and proven safe by science is not
appropriate. To say that grass-finished beef is superior because
it contains minute additional quantities of certain chemicals
(e.g., conjugated linoleic acid or vitamin E) when it is not
reasonably possible to eat enough to improve personal health,
also is not appropriate.
The U.S. beef industry has a wide variety of types of beef from
which consumers can choose, all of which are safe, wholesome
and nutritious. Conventional, natural, grass-finished and organic
beef are defined by production and marketing distinctions, not
by nutritional or safety differences.
http://www.beefresearch.org/CMDocs/BeefResearch/Beef%20Choices.pdf
This document provides an overview of nutraceuticals. It defines nutraceuticals as products isolated from food that are sold as dietary supplements with the intent of treating or preventing disease. The document traces the origins of the term nutraceutical and outlines how they are classified based on source, condition treated, or chemical group. Key points include that nutraceuticals may contain nutrients like vitamins, minerals, herbs, prebiotics or probiotics. The document concludes that a diet rich in nutraceuticals can maximize health when combined with other healthy behaviors.
introduction of phytosterols and their health benefits. how it does help in promoting good cholestrol in body and preventing from CVD and other major diseases. How it should take in diet. recent researches at phytosterols.
Food provides nutrients that are essential for the human body. A balanced diet incorporates foods from different groups like grains, vegetables, fruits, proteins and dairy. Food comes from plants and animals, with most crops grown worldwide being used to feed livestock. Vegetables, fruits, grains and meat all contribute important vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. Maintaining proper food hygiene and safety practices is crucial to prevent foodborne illness. Malnutrition occurs when a person does not get adequate nutrition and can have serious health consequences like stunted growth in children.
Vegetarianism is explained in 3 sentences or less:
The document defines different types of vegetarians - vegans, lacto, and lacto-ovo vegetarians - and summarizes the history, ethics, health, economic, and ecological reasons for adopting a vegetarian diet. It also profiles prominent historical and current figures who were or are vegetarians and considers their views on the lifestyle.
This document provides an overview of nutraceuticals. It begins with the history and definition of nutraceuticals, explaining they were coined in 1989 to describe nutrients that provide medical benefits. The document then covers classifications of nutraceuticals including vitamins, minerals, prebiotics, probiotics, herbs and phytochemicals. It discusses the uses and health benefits of specific nutraceuticals. Finally, it outlines the scope and market opportunities for nutraceuticals in areas like joint health, cardiovascular health and cancer prevention.
This document provides an overview of nutraceutical foods and their relation to diseases. It discusses the history and definitions of nutraceuticals, how they are classified based on their natural source or added ingredients. Specific nutraceuticals like probiotics, polyphenols, and spices are described. The document also explores how nutraceuticals can be used as therapeutic agents to treat cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, cancer, and other conditions by providing health benefits and reducing disease risk.
1) Nutraceuticals originated from the terms "nutrition" and "pharmaceutical" and are foods or dietary components that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
2) The global nutraceutical market was worth $162 billion in 2018 and is projected to reach $280 billion by 2025, growing at an annual rate of around 8%. The Indian nutraceutical market is also growing rapidly at a CAGR of 17.1%.
3) Nutraceuticals provide physiological benefits and help maintain good health. They are prepared from food or non-food sources and can be in various formats such as powders, tablets, liquids. Common categories of nutraceuticals include nutrients, herbals
Unit Nutraceuticals classification and Health Benefits (4).pptxReneePrasad
The document discusses nutraceuticals, which are defined as food or food components that provide medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease. It provides several definitions of nutraceuticals from different organizations. It describes the major categories of nutraceuticals like dietary fibers, prebiotics, probiotics, PUFAs, antioxidants, polyphenols, and spices. It discusses the various health benefits of these nutraceuticals such as lowering cholesterol, blood pressure, and risk of cancer and other diseases. It also classifies nutraceuticals based on food sources and mechanisms of action.
Nutraceuticals are foods or food components that provide health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease. They can be classified based on food source, mechanism of action, or chemical nature. Traditional nutraceuticals are natural foods containing beneficial components like vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, herbals, and phytochemicals. Non-traditional nutraceuticals are artificially produced using biotechnology and include fortified foods with added nutrients and recombinant foods engineered for wellness benefits. Probiotic microorganisms and nutraceutical enzymes also represent important categories of nutraceuticals.
The document provides reasons for adopting a vegetarian lifestyle, including that it is more humane and ethical to not kill animals for food. A vegetarian diet is also better for human health, as it reduces risks of diseases like heart disease and cancer. A plant-based diet is more sustainable and efficient, as it takes many more resources like land, water, and crops to produce meat compared to plant foods. The document argues that humans are naturally herbivorous based on anatomical traits, and that factory farming practices that produce meat and dairy cause unnecessary animal suffering.
Preventive care is an essential aspect of caring for dogs as pets. It involves taking proactive measures like regular veterinarian checkups, vaccinations, parasite control, dental care, exercise, nutrition, training and microchipping to prevent potential health problems and ensure a dog's health and well-being. Common health issues that can be prevented or treated include obesity, dental disease, ear infections, skin allergies, and heartworm. It is important to consult a veterinarian for any health concerns.
Modern lifestyles have led to increased rates of lifestyle diseases due to changes in diet. Nutraceuticals play an important role in disease prevention and control. They are classified based on their source, chemical composition, and pharmacological effects. Common nutraceuticals discussed in the document include minerals, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary fibers, antioxidants, herbs, and botanical extracts. Nutraceuticals provide several health benefits for both humans and animals by promoting gut health, modulating metabolism, and reducing disease risk. Their use in animal feed is growing and mirrors applications for humans. The future of nutraceuticals is promising due to increased health awareness driving greater demand.
1) Nutraceuticals are foods or fortified foods that provide health benefits for preventing and treating disease. They include things like omega-3 fatty acids from fish, probiotics, vitamins, minerals, and herbs.
2) The main goals of nutraceuticals are to prevent disease through things like antioxidants from vegetables and phytochemicals from fruits and herbs, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids. They may also help treat conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.
3) Nutraceuticals can be traditionally found in whole foods or non-traditionally developed by adding nutrients to foods through fortification or agricultural breeding. They are also commonly available as dietary supplements in forms like
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2. Contents
Immune-Aid .............................................................................................................1
the natural, immune boosting, canine supplement....................................................1
Introduction...........................................................................................................3
Nutritional Recommendations.............................................................................. 4
Animal Health.......................................................................................................4
UK Legislation......................................................................................................5
Immune-Aid - Not Just Another Pill.....................................................................5
Why Raw?.............................................................................................................6
Why Frozen?.........................................................................................................6
Ingredients.............................................................................................................6
Discounted Ingredients..................................................................................... 9
Amounts............................................................................................................9
Testing.................................................................................................................10
Labelling and Advertising...................................................................................10
Conclusion.......................................................................................................... 11
Appendix 1......................................................................................................13
.........................................................................................................................13
Appendix 2......................................................................................................14
Appendix 3......................................................................................................17
References...........................................................................................................21
3. Bibliography....................................................................................................... 26
Introduction
With public awareness and concern for health and nutrition on the rise, it is
perhaps not surprising that the range and market presence of pet
supplements has escalated tremendously over the last decade. Ten years
ago, the main canine supplements available in pet shops were Cod Liver
Oil and two vitamin supplements (Pet-tabs and SA37) along with powdered
formula for hand rearing puppies, wormers and flea treatments. There
were other dietary and some few topical and medically specific
supplements on the market, but most were hard to find, and not well
advertised. Today pet owners are becoming increasingly familiar with
herbal medicines and supplements, current availability ranging from joint
care (anything from kelp, through high doses of Vitamin C to Glucosamine)
to veterinary approved mood calmers i.e. D.A.P (Ceva, 2010). Considering
the plethora of herbal supplements on the market, only those of Dorwest
Herbs (Dorwest Herbs, 2010) and Denes (Denes, 2010), established in
1948 and 1951 respectively, are licensed by the Veterinary Medicines
Directorate. These products contain enough of some specific ingredients
as to be considered medicinal i.e. “… for treating or preventing disease in
animals” (VMD,1,2010), implying that all non VMD licensed pet
supplements on the market, other than those homeopathic remedies
eligible for ‘Grandfather rights’ under the Veterinary Medicines Regulations
2006 (Crown, 2006), are considered to be of no benefit with regard to,
4. treating and/or preventing disease or exerting an immunological or
metabolic response.
Nutritional Recommendations
The Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition has produced a list of minimum
nutrient requirements for dogs per 400 Kcal of metabolisable energy
[Appendix 1] (Kelly & Wills, 1996), however this list only details, 5 of the 7
major minerals, (generally required in large amounts by all animals), 6 of
10 essential trace minerals, 12 vitamins, fat and protein content and 1 fatty
acid. There are no recommendations for the myriad of other vitamins,
minerals and amino acids currently accepted by the BSAVA (British Small
Animal Veterinary Association), nor is there such a thing as a
Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) as with human guidelines.
Animal Health
A lack or excess of one or many vitamins, minerals or essential fatty acids
can lead to “major chronic diseases” (Food and Nutrition Board, 1989), if
prolonged can be fatal (Roche, 1976) and malnourished animals are “likely
to have a compromised immune system” (Agar, 2001). The escalation of
illness in pets over the past decade [average UK veterinary visit cost in
2000 £62.01 (Bruce, 2001), average cost in 2009 £254(Petwise, 2009)]
implies some issue within the genetics and/or the daily lives of our pets.
Immune systems can often become compromised, this can be due to
malnutrition, stress or drugs like antibiotics (Ewing & Haresign, 1989) and
5. corticosteroids, at these times it can be helpful to boost the immune
system with specific nutrients to prevent further illness. The ethos being
that optimum health can be achieved through optimum nutrition.
UK Legislation
Currently all legislation with regard to pet foods is derived from the EU,
there are also guidelines recommended by the Pet Food Manufacturers
Association (PFMA 1, 2010) which are voluntarily applied to 95% of British
pet foods.
If a product claims or implies a medicinal benefit, then it is a medicinal
product, according to the Food Safety Act 1990 (Crown, 1990), however
“health foods” and supplements need to be judged by the Medicines
Directorate. In order to adhere to the Veterinary Medicines Directorate to
establish if a product is non-medicinal and therefore does not require
licensing, their borderline ingredients list must be consulted (VMD,2,2010).
Over fifty laws can be distilled in essence to: the use of ingredients certified
fit for human consumption, (with the exemption of those toxic to the
proposed animal) will exceed all current laws and recommendations.
Immune-Aid - Not Just Another Pill
To create a product that does not contravene current EU legislation or
VMD specifications, that appeals to the average pet owner, is easy to
produce and is both nutritionally competent and palatable, the simplest
path seems to be to keep to raw, natural ingredients. As “Meats and liver
are more nutritious when fed raw” (Holst, 2000), it is logical to use meats,
6. that are fresh and certified fit for human consumption, as well as fruit and
vegetables, herbs and other fresh ingredients known to boost the immune
system.
Why Raw?
The storage stability of vitamins and minerals are impaired by cooking
(Lugwigshafen et al. 1984). Phospholipids found in the cell walls of plant
and animal material and essential for the health of each living cell are also
broken down by heat. Phospholipids are needed in great quantities by the
immune system, especially in the formation of pus in infected wounds
(Pond, 2000).
Why Frozen?
Fatty Acids are not broken down by freezing, even up to -80°, however
most cells and whole organisms are (Pond, 2000), in effect the freezing
process can destroy most pathogenic bacteria in the same way as
cooking, but without the deleterious effect of destroying the nutrients
required for the health and wellbeing of the consumer.
Ingredients
Fresh meat and bone, fruit and vegetables, cottage cheese, live yogurt,
egg, linseed oil (cold pressed), extra virgin olive oil, garlic and spirulina.
Any cooking process negatively effects the vitamin and mineral content of
7. foods, hence this supplement is composed of raw fresh foods and frozen
to maintain its nutritional value.
The first of these (meat & bone, fruit and vegetables) will be minced
together and closely replicates what wild canids would naturally eat, they
provide essential vitamins, minerals and lipids and add to the overall
palatability of the product. N.B. The chicken content will be restricted to
wings (being an optimum muscle to bone ratio).
Cottage cheese contains a mineral also found in soil and faecal matter
(Billinghurst, 2001), thus preventing your dog from eating these through the
need for self medication, and reducing the risk of infection from other
pathogens/bacteria.
Live yogurt contains probiotic cultures which aid digestion and replace the
good bacteria in the gut, but preventing microbial colonisation, increasing
absorption of the small intestine, and producing anti-E.coli factors inhibiting
the growth of many bacteria, especially pathogenic gram-negative types
(Ewing & Haresign, 1989), and is advised to be given when on antibiotics
(Lewis, Morris & Hand, 1988).
The egg and oils balance out the omega 3 and 6 content helping to
promote healthy skin and coat (Billinghurst, 2001). The Linseed Oil (high in
Omega 3) must be cold pressed due to the deleterious effect of n-hexane’s
combination with lysine (from the seed) in the chemical extraction process,
this forms 2,5-dimethylpyrrole (DeCaprio, Olajos & Weber, 1982) which is
toxic (DeCaprio, Kinney & LoPachin, 2009), degenerating first the
peripheral and then the central nervous system. The Olive Oil is Extra
8. Virgin due to it being the least processed and therefore highest quality,
high in monounsaturates, Omega 3 and Vitamin E and good for lowering
cholesterol (Billinghurst, 2001).
Garlic helps to boost the immune system by providing a hostile
environment for parasites, it also helps maintain a healthy heart and
circulatory system (Billinghurst, 2001).
Spirulina is natures’ super-food, a natural multi-vitamin and mineral which
provides all the required amino acids in a form that is five times easier to
digest than meat or soy protein. (Challem, 1981)
Immune-aid does not contain grains, whilst useful for fibre content in many
diets, the combination of increased permeability of gastric mucosa and the
reduction in pH by lactic acid given off by fermenting starches can lead to
ulcers, and structural/functional damage to stratified squamous, cardiac
and gastric epithelium. Grains in a natural canine diet would be minimal,
i.e. the stomach contents of a field mouse. Many gastrointestinal diseases
can be attributed to feeding the wrong diet (Stevens & Hume, 1995)
leading to further issues with absorption and then nutrition or the lack of.
Appendix 2 lists what natural products are used and why. Appendix 3
provides details of the functions of the vitamins/minerals etc. derived from
those foods listed in Appendix 2. A brief dissection of Appendix 3 shows
the many advantages of the proposed ingredients.
9. Discounted Ingredients
Whilst honey is a well-known anti-biotic and anti-microbial, used as far
back as ancient Egypt, there is no guarantee that the average pet owner
will be able to brush the animals teeth after each meal. Colloidal Silver is
also one of natures’ anti-biotics, as silver has been used for centuries
(silver tankards/penny used for purifying beer, when beer was cleaner than
water) and is now even being used on plasters, however the cost of this is
prohibitive.
However a mixture of honey, colloidal silver, goats milk, evening primrose
oil and cod liver oil, would make an excellent post-operative convalescence
supplement. Goats milk is much more akin to dogs milk than cow or sheep
milk and is easier to digest (Holst, 2000); Evening primrose and cod liver
oils contain activated omega 3 & 6, which are easier to absorb than the
inactive ones used in Immune-aid. (Billinghurst, 2001)
Amounts
The amounts in this product follow the guidelines as set out by the BARF
Diet (Billinghurst, 2001) “60% raw meaty bones, 15% crushed vegetable
matter, 10% offal, 5% fruit, the remainder as supplements to mimic faeces
and soil”. Bear in mind that these quantities are not simply arbitrary but
based on research of the diet of a dogs wild counterparts, after all even the
milk of a domestic dog contains 40% protein (Stevens & Hume, 1995), as
10. opposed to the much lower content (between 4 and 30%) we tend to wean
them onto.
Testing
This product has been tested for over 8 years, using 60+ animals over 4
generations. These animals were provided with this supplement on a
regular basis as part of their standard diet. Accidental exposure to Parvo-
virus in 2006 demonstrated a higher immunity in those animals who were
third and fourth generation, than other members of the pack. Puppies have
been reared on this product from 3 weeks of age (mixed at that age with
goats milk), and post-operative animals whose prospects were bleak
according to their vet, have been fed on it exclusively and now prosper into
old age (authors personal experience).
Labelling and Advertising
The VMD have standards which must be adhered to with regards to
advertising (VMD,3,2010). From 1st September 2010 responsibility for
aspects of food labelling has transferred from the Food Standards Agency
to DEFRA. Labels must be truthful, include a list of ingredients, display
storage instructions and durability in accordance with the Food Labelling
Regulations 1996, and must also adhere to food composition legislation
and European marketing standards. (FSA, 2010).
The moisture, fat, protein, ash and fibre content need to be calculated by a
specialized company such as FAPAS (http://www.fapas.com), part of the
Food and Environmental Research Agency, therefore the figures given on
Label 1 below, may require correction.
11. Label 1
Conclusion
Optimal nutrition lends itself towards optimal health, a great number of
vitamins, minerals and lipids are utilised by the body, not just for energy,
but specifically for health. A good combination of these healthy nutrients in
a palatable, easy to provide package, can aid the body to heal itself, by
boosting the immune system and the health of not only each organ, but
each individual cell.
12. Canids who are ill, stressed or immune suppressed (upon veterinary
approval), would profit from Immune-aid, long term use of which can
benefit health and longevity.
14. Appendix 2
Raw Vitamins in mg per 100g – where Reason:
material available (Mervyn,1989)
Apple Carotene: 30µg High in Vitamin C – good
Vitamin E: 0.2 source of fibre
Thiamine: 0.04
Riboflavin: 0.02
Nicotinic acid: 0.1
Pyridoxine: 0.03
Pantothenic acid: 0.1
Folic acid: 5µg
Biotin: 0.3µg
Vitamin C: 3
Brocolli Vitamin E: 2.3 Complex carbohydrate,
Biotin: 1 µg high in Vitamin C
Magnesium: 25
Pantothenic acid: 0.3
Choline: 80
Chromium: 21
Carrot High in Beta-carotene,
natures anti-cancer, high
in vitamin A
Chicken Vitamin E: 0.6 Source of protein, fats, B
Wings Biotin: 3 µg vitamins and minerals,
(including Copper: 0.3 bone is a good source of
bone) Magnesium: 50 calcium, phosphorus,
Panthothenic acid: 1.2 magnesium and protein
Bone: (Evans & White, 1992)
Calcium: 40
Phosphorus: 18.5
Cottage Vitamin A: 385µg Contains a mineral also
Cheese Vitamin B12: 1.5 found in soil and faecal
Calcium: 725 matter.
Iron: 0.14
Magnesium: 5
Phosphorus: 134
Potassium: 86
Sodium: 13
Zinc: 0.38
Copper: 0.028
Selenium: 8.4
Thiamin 0.02
Riboflavin: 016
Niacin: 0.13
Folate: 12
Retinol: 11
Vitamin E: 0.01
Vitamin K: 0.1
15. Beta Carotene: 3
Egg Vitamin A: 140µg A good source of all
Biotin: 25 µg essential minerals, and a
Calcium: 60 moderate source of all
Panthothenic acid: 1.8 vitamins excluding C.
Vitamin B12: 2 (Mervyn,1989)
Chromium: 183
Garlic Garlic is well known for its
ability to maintain a
healthy heart and
circulation, but it also
provides an environment
that is hostile to parasites
Linseed A rich source of Omega 3
Oil (Cold
pressed
Liver Vitamin A: 20 Source of protein, fat, fat
Thiamine: 1.0 soluble vitamins and B
Riboflavin: 9.57 vitamins (Evans & White,
Pyridoxine: 2.31 1992) High in Iodine.
Nicotinic acid: 44.9
Panthothenic acid: 24.1
Folic acid: 1.09
Vitamin B12: 0.363
Biotin: 0.109
Vitamin C: 75.9
Vitamin E: 1.39
Carotene: 5.08
Choline: 2170
Chromium: 55
Cobalt: 15
Copper: 6
Olive Oil Vitamin E: 4.6 High in Omega 3
Copper: 1.6
Bell High Beta-carotene,
Pepper natures anti-cancer
Spirulina Carotene: 250 A Super-food
Vitamin B12: 0.2
Vitamin E: 19
Thiamine: 5.5
Riboflavin: 4
Nicotinic acid: 11.8
Pyridoxine: 0.3
Pantothenic acid: 1.1
Inositol: 35
Folic acid: 0.05
Biotin: 0.04
Calcium: 104.5-131.5
Magnesium: 141-191.5
16. Phosphorus: 761.7-894.2
Iron: 47.5-58
Sodium: 27.5-41.2
Potassium: 1331-1540
Chloride: 400-440
Manganese: 1.8-2.5
Zinc: 2.7-3.9
Traces of: bismuth, chromium,
cobalt & selenium
Yogurt Aids digestion and
(Live) replaces the good
bacteria in the gut
17. Appendix 3
Vitamin/Mineral Function (Mervyn, 1989)
etc.
Vitamin A Sight, skin, mucous membranes, anti-infective,
protein synthesis, bones, anti-anaemia, growth
Vitamin B1 Acts as a coenzyme in converting glucose into
energy in muscles and nerves
Vitamin B2 Acts as coenzymes FMN & FDN in converting
protein, fats & sugars into energy.
Needed to repair and maintain body tissue and
mucous membranes
Acts in conversion of tryptyphane to nicotinic acid .
Vitamin B6 Acts as the coenzyme form Pyridoxal-5-phosphate
in amino acid metabolism and in all other functions.
Needed for formation of brain substances and
nerve impulses
Used in blood formation, energy production, and
nerve impulse transmission
Is an anti-depressant and anti-allergy
Vitamin B12 Needed for synthesis of DNA and the basis of body
cells
Maintains a healthy myelin sheath (nerve insulator)
Detoxifies cyanide in food and tobacco smoke
Beta-Carotene Reduces risk of heart disease and cancer. Known
to reduce cancer.
Biotin Used as a coenzyme in:
Energy production
Maintaining healthy skin, hair, sweat glands,
nerves, bone marrow & sex glands
Bismuth Antacid, protects mucous membranes
Vitamin C High doses may reduce the risk of chronic
diseases such as heart disease and cancer.
Calcium Builds and maintains healthy bones and teeth
Controls excitability of nerves and muscles
Controls conduction of nerve impulses
Controls contraction of heart and other muscles
Assists in process of blood clotting
Controls blood cholesterol levels
Assists in absorption of B12
Chloride Aids digestion
Works with sodium and potassium to aid hydration
Choline Fat-stabilizing
Precursor of betaine, needed in metabolism and
acetylcholine, a nerve substance
As a component of lecithin
18. Chromium Controls blood glucose by promoting uptake by
muscles and organs
Stimulates burning of glucose for energy
Controls blood cholesterol levels
Stimulates protein synthesis
Stimulates production of essential nerve
substances
Increases resistance to infection
Suppresses hunger symptoms
Cobalt Synthesis of DNA
Production of red blood cells
Synthesis of methionine, choline & creatine
Copper Hair & Skin pigmentation
Skin healing
Protects against toxic agents
Concerned with nerve impulses in the brain
Formation of blood and healthy bones
Helps develop resistance to infection
Vitamin E Antioxidant
Reduces oxygen needs of muscles
Anti-blood clotting agent
Blood vessel dilator
Maintains healthy blood vessels
Protects polyunsaturated oils
Protects amino acids
Protects vitamin A
Prevents thrombosis
Prevents atherosclerosis
Increases ‘safe’ cholesterol
Acts with selenium
Promotes ability of white blood cells to resist
infection
Folic Acid Decreases plasma concentration of homocystein, a
risk for heart disease.
Inositol Reduces blood cholesterol
Restores healthy hair
Anti-anxiety agent
Iodine Necessary for a healthy metabolism
Iron In haemoglobin acts as oxygen carrier in red blood
cells
In myoglobin acts as oxygen reservoir in muscles
In body cells acts in oxygen transfer in
cytochromes
Protects against peroxide poison
Used in developing resistance to infection
Magnesium Cofactor in energy production and cell replication,
also for vitamins B1 and B6.
Stabilizes body cell structure
Used in growth, repair and maintenance of body
cells.
19. Cofactor in hormones
Used in nerve impulse transmission
Manganese Growth
Maintains healthy nervous system
Cofactor for enzymes for energy production and
health of joints
Cofactor for female sex hormones
Cofactor for nucleic acid synthesis
Production of thyroxine
Cofactor for Vitamins B, C & E
Synthesis of structural proteins of body cells
Development and maintenance of health bones
Stimulates glycogen storage in liver
Nicotinic acid Acts as coenzymes NAD & NADP in cell
respiration
Produces energy from sugars, fats & protein
Maintains healthy skin, nerves, brain, tongue,
digestive system
Omega 3 Helps correct blood pressure, boosts the immune
response, ant-inflammatory, aids joints, good for
skin and hair, aids growth of lean muscle, helps to
burn off fat and prevents food craving.
Omega 6
Panthothenic Acts as a coenzyme in:
acid Production of energy
Production of anti-stress hormones
Controlling fat metabolism
Formation of antibodies
Maintaining healthy nerves
Detoxifying drugs
Para- Part of Folic Acid:
aminobenzoic synthesis of body protein
acid Red blood cell production
Skin cancer preventative
Anti-grey hair factor
Phosphorus Structural components of bones and teeth
Used in the production of energy including via
burning sugar
Cofactor for many enzymes
Activator for vitamin B complex
Aids in absorption of diet
Maintains alkalinity of blood
Component of RNA and DNA
Potassium Maintains normal water balance
Essential activator in enzymes, particularly within
energy production
Stabilizes internal cell structure
Assists in protein synthesis
Used in nerve impulse transmission
Pyridoxine B6 vitamin
20. Riboflavin B2 vitamin
Selenium Preservation of normal liver function
Maintains resistance to disease
Protects against toxic minerals & substances
Promotes male sexual reproductive capacity
Maintains healthy eyes, sight, hair, & skin
Acts as an anti-inflammatory
Maintains healthy heart
Anti-oxidant
Reduces the risk of cancer, and decreases death
from many cancers.
Sodium Maintains water balance
Used in nerve impulse transmission
Smooths the response of all muscle contractions
including the heart
Helps to preserve body pH balance
Constituent of ATP
Transports nutrients, amino acids and glucose into
cells
Thiamine Vitamin B1
Zinc Growth
Insulin activity
Releases vitamin A from the liver
Maintains healthy liver function
Used in the metabolism of pituitary, adrenals,
ovaries and testes
Development of skeleton, nervous system and
brain in a growing foetus
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