This document reports on a study that isolated and identified yeast species from grape surfaces in Dehradun, India. 52 yeast isolates were obtained from grapes collected from different locations and subjected to morphological and biochemical characterization. Morphological analysis involved gram staining and capsule staining under the microscope. Biochemical tests included carbon assimilation testing with 9 sugars, fermentation testing with 8 sugars, and a urease test. The isolates showed variation in colony characteristics, cell shapes, and abilities to utilize different carbon sources and ferment sugars. 29 isolates tested positive for urease production. The study identified yeast at the species level based on their phenotypic properties.
The outcome of present study enumerates that the skin microbiota is definitely important to the health and wellness of human being. The toluidin blue agar medium,where enterobacter species(Hs6) shown elevated level pathonogenesity due to the presence of exotoxin. The study also reveals that presence of haemolysin and coagulase enzymatic properties. Once they reach opportunities pathogenesity under stress condition. Additional study depects, how skin resedint microbes influence immune response as a primary defence mechanism against invading foreign bodies even though their are to many beneficiary from host, skin microbiota but One have to proper hygiene life style to maintain the balance of communsle microflora that prevents the colonization of pathogrnic bacteria the observation shown out of present study suggest not only the phenotyping of human skin microbiota but also effects skin microbiota on immune system they have wide rangeing systematic sequalae that are ripe for exploration in near future. Future work will need to investigate the context-dependent behaviour of resident microbes—how microbe–microbe interactions, host–microbe interactions, and strain-specific differences may govern a microbe’s tendency towards cooperation or aggression.
This is my senior thesis. My project focuses on the evaluation of antioxidant properties of different colors of asian rice against carbosulfan insecticide using mealworms.
Environmental exposure and health risks of the insecticide monocrotophos - a ...Innspub Net
Monocrotophos is a organophosphate based insecticide used for crop protection. Monocrotophos use has induced heath issues and water pollution. From the ecotoxicology, human health and regulatory aspects, it is essential to restrict the emissions and release of the highly acutely toxic chemical from the industrial processes and agricultural applications. In this review, we present the toxicity and decomposition in media such as vegetables, human tissues, animal tissues and rations, synthesis of the analytical procedures and materials used to determine the monocrotophos and identification of cis and trans isomers of monocrotophos. Also the main physical spectroscopic methods have been discussed in this review. The analytical techniques which are presented permit to select the best analytical conditions to detect monocrotophos. These methods are widely applicable for remaining organophosphate and other polar pesticides. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-5-number-1-july-2014-jbes/
Enhanced endoglucanase production by Bacillus aerius on mixed lignocellulosic...Mushafau Adebayo Oke
Oke, M. A., Annuar, M. S. M., and Simarani, K. (2016). "Enhanced endoglucanase production by Bacillus aerius on mixed lignocellulosic substrates." BioResources, 11(3), 5854-5869.
The outcome of present study enumerates that the skin microbiota is definitely important to the health and wellness of human being. The toluidin blue agar medium,where enterobacter species(Hs6) shown elevated level pathonogenesity due to the presence of exotoxin. The study also reveals that presence of haemolysin and coagulase enzymatic properties. Once they reach opportunities pathogenesity under stress condition. Additional study depects, how skin resedint microbes influence immune response as a primary defence mechanism against invading foreign bodies even though their are to many beneficiary from host, skin microbiota but One have to proper hygiene life style to maintain the balance of communsle microflora that prevents the colonization of pathogrnic bacteria the observation shown out of present study suggest not only the phenotyping of human skin microbiota but also effects skin microbiota on immune system they have wide rangeing systematic sequalae that are ripe for exploration in near future. Future work will need to investigate the context-dependent behaviour of resident microbes—how microbe–microbe interactions, host–microbe interactions, and strain-specific differences may govern a microbe’s tendency towards cooperation or aggression.
This is my senior thesis. My project focuses on the evaluation of antioxidant properties of different colors of asian rice against carbosulfan insecticide using mealworms.
Environmental exposure and health risks of the insecticide monocrotophos - a ...Innspub Net
Monocrotophos is a organophosphate based insecticide used for crop protection. Monocrotophos use has induced heath issues and water pollution. From the ecotoxicology, human health and regulatory aspects, it is essential to restrict the emissions and release of the highly acutely toxic chemical from the industrial processes and agricultural applications. In this review, we present the toxicity and decomposition in media such as vegetables, human tissues, animal tissues and rations, synthesis of the analytical procedures and materials used to determine the monocrotophos and identification of cis and trans isomers of monocrotophos. Also the main physical spectroscopic methods have been discussed in this review. The analytical techniques which are presented permit to select the best analytical conditions to detect monocrotophos. These methods are widely applicable for remaining organophosphate and other polar pesticides. Get more articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-5-number-1-july-2014-jbes/
Enhanced endoglucanase production by Bacillus aerius on mixed lignocellulosic...Mushafau Adebayo Oke
Oke, M. A., Annuar, M. S. M., and Simarani, K. (2016). "Enhanced endoglucanase production by Bacillus aerius on mixed lignocellulosic substrates." BioResources, 11(3), 5854-5869.
Evaluation of antioxidant properties in different colors of asian rice (oryza...Emilio Solomon
Senior project for my major (Biological Sciences: Biomedical Science concentration)
Evaluation of antioxidant properties in different colors of asian rice (oryza sativa) against insecticide carbosulfan using mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) assay
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is also known by the name hyaluronan. The necessity for
using this fabulous material lead to investigate non-pathogenic strains which produce
this material. The most non-pathogenic strain is S. thermophilus. The lack of literature
on microbial production of this substance by the strain prompted us to examine the
microbial production of HA from it and also to examine optimization of culture
conditions where HA is produced. The bacteria Streptococcus salivarius sub.
thermophilus was obtained from the Bank of Scientific and Industrial Research of Iran
(PTCC 1738). To separate S. thermophilus strains from yogurts, three types of yogurts
were used. They were cultured by pour-plate and surface methods on STA medium. To
identify the isolated strains, biochemical tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
were used. Bacterial strains isolated from yoghurts were identified as S. thermophilus
MN-BM-A02, S. thermophilus JIM8232 and S. thermophilus MN-ZLW-002. To separate
the capsule strains, each strain was cultured on STB medium and then they were
centrifuged. In order to purify the samples, ethanol and charcoal were used. To
optimize production, variety of sources of carbon, nitrogen, temperature and pH were
studied.
Extraction and Quantification of Anthocyanin from Banana Bracts Using Differe...Premier Publishers
Banana (Musa balbisiana) bracts were investigated as a potential source of natural colorant. In this study, the total anthocyanin from selected banana bracts was extracted with ethanol solutions and characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry and their content was found 224.41 ± 1.91 mg/kg, which was highest at 40% solvent concentration with pH 4. Moreover, the color characteristics were varied with the variation of solvent concentration and pH. Similarly, the values of chroma and hue angle were also investigated and the value of chroma was higher at pH 4 in all different concentrations. The results revealed that the color of anthocyanin was decreased due to increase of pH. The value of hue angle was in the range of (73.69±0.33) to (-71.14±1.39), which indicated the color from yellow to magenta, and this is the natural color of anthocyanin. Therefore, banana bracts can be used as a potential source of extracting natural colorant instead of synthetic dyes in different food industries.
Alterations in Fatty Acid Profile of Polar Lipids Accompanied By Growth and S...iosrjce
Polar lipids are essential membrane components of plant cells. They are known to affect certain
membrane properties like permeability, fluidity and active transport. In the present study, individual leaf buds
were tagged on the day of appearance and sampling began 7 days later. Additional samples were taken at 7
days intervals until leaf abscission occurred about 77 days after tagging. The experiments were performed from
August to November, a time period characterized by a day length of 12 ± 2.0 h and average day and night
temperature of approximately 30 and 20°C, respectively. The fatty acid composition of polar lipids from young,
mature and senescent leaves of Rauwolfia serpentina was studied in the present study. Green leaves were
observed to contain a considerable amount of hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3) in monogalactosyldiglyceride
(MGDG), suggesting R. serpentina to be member of 16:3 plants’ family. The percentage of linolenic acid (18:3)
in the chloroplast lipids was lower in senescent leaves than that of green tissues. Senescent leaves also had
lower proportions of MGDG 16:3 and phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) hexadecanoic acid (16:1). Such selective
catabolism of molecular species of these lipids may be suggestive of significant alterations in ultra structure of
chloroplast membranes, thus probably affecting the accumulation of indole alkaloids in the leaf tissue. Besides,
the age dependent alterations in the fatty acid composition of other polar lipids, namely, phosphatidyl choline
(PC), phosphatidyl inositol (PI), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidyl serine (PS) indicate the
possibility of degradation of the organelles other than chloroplast (principally vacuoles) in the leaf cells
In the present study, a gastro retentive micro particulate system was formulated with different Polymers by using
solvent evaporation technique. A series of 8 formulations was prepared based on 23 Design of experiments. The
formulated microspheres were evaluated flow characteristics, Practical yield (up to 80 %) and Encapsulation
efficiency (up to 94%). Scanning electron Microscopy confirmed their porous and spherical structure and the
particles were of the Size range of (65-525 μm). The release of drug at 1 hour and 8 hours’ time points were
taken as the measurable parameters for running the DOE experiments. According to design space Hollow
Microspheres formulated with Drug in the range of 50 to 70 mg/unit, Ethyl cellulose 7 cps in the range of 145 to
150 mg/unit and HPMC 5 cps in the range of 0.4 to 2 mg/unit were observed to have the best floating
characteristics and in vitro dissolution profile as per the preset target product profile. Stability studies showed no
significant change in the drug content in the formulations at 3 months accelerated condition. In this study
concluded that a micro particulate floating dosage form of an anti-infective drug can be successfully designed to
give controlled release and improved oral bioavailability.
KEYWORDS
Gastro retentive system, Ciprofloxacin Hcl, Ethyl Cellulose 7 cps, HPMC 5cps, Hollow microspheres.
Formulation and in vitro study of ibuprofen loaded crosslinked sodium alginat...Shouvik Mondal
Ibuprofen loaded microspheres were prepared using sodium alginate and gellan gum and were cross-linked by maleic anhydride, aluminium chloride. The resulting microspheres were evaluated by in-vitro release study, swelling index, microscopic analysis and entrapment efficiency. DSC study shows there was no interaction between drug and excipients.
Entrapment was found good in all the formulations while the maximum entrapment (97.6%) was recorded in formulation
cross-linked by aluminium chloride and their average particle size were 150 to 160 µm. Approximately 50% of drug was
released by the formulation cross-linked by aluminium chloride (F2) over a period of 6 hours. From this experiment, it is observed that the formulation with cross-linked by aluminium chloride is the better formulation among others due to good release profile and entrapment efficiency.
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Fluconazole Loaded Microsponge Gel For...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Cashew and Mango Extracts on the Rheol...IJERA Editor
Comparative analysis of the effects of cashew and mango extracts on the rheological properties of water based mud is presented. To control corrosion of drilling materials, corrosion inhibitor is usually used as one of the drilling mud additives. Such inhibitive substance can only be applied when it improves the rheological properties of the drilling mud. In this work, the mud samples were formulated in the absence and presence of various concentrations of cashew and mango extracts. The production method of the mud and the determination of its rheological and allied properties were carried out based on the mud production standards of American Petroleum Institute. From the analysis of the experimental results, cashew and mango leaves extracts are suitable additives for the production of water based mud. Mango leaves extract shows higher improvement of the rheological properties of the drilling mud. Use of plant leaves extracts as drilling mud additives will encourage local content development.
Effect of Sodium Chloroacetate towards the Synthesis of CMC (Carboxymethyl Ce...AM Publications
CMC (Carboxymethyl Cellulose) is a derivative of cellulose and are often used in the food industry. Food additives, CMC (carboxymethylcellulose) is used as a stabilizer, thickener and emulsifier. Due to a very wide utilization, easy to use, carboxymethyl cellulose into one of the substances of interest in the food industry. Based on these considerations, it takes an effort to produce a CMC from plant cellulose sources are widely available in Indonesia and less utilized optimally as durian peel. This study aims to determine the yield of cellulose from durian peel with NaOH solution variations in the isolation process and determine the yield of CMC produced with sodium chloroacetate variations in the synthesis process. Results cellulose insulation durian peel using NaOH with a ratio of durian peel and NaOH 10% (w / v) at 1:10, 1:15 and 1:20 is 27.18%; 64.72% and 30.84% respectively. CMC yield on varying the amount of sodium chloroacetate as many as 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 grams is 66.44%; 40.19%; 24.83%; 66.71%; 45.21% sequentially. The optimum conditions of the synthesis reaction CMC is variable with the amount of sodium monokloroasetat 7 grams that produces CMC with a degree of substitution of 1.632.
Evaluation of antioxidant properties in different colors of asian rice (oryza...Emilio Solomon
Senior project for my major (Biological Sciences: Biomedical Science concentration)
Evaluation of antioxidant properties in different colors of asian rice (oryza sativa) against insecticide carbosulfan using mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) assay
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is also known by the name hyaluronan. The necessity for
using this fabulous material lead to investigate non-pathogenic strains which produce
this material. The most non-pathogenic strain is S. thermophilus. The lack of literature
on microbial production of this substance by the strain prompted us to examine the
microbial production of HA from it and also to examine optimization of culture
conditions where HA is produced. The bacteria Streptococcus salivarius sub.
thermophilus was obtained from the Bank of Scientific and Industrial Research of Iran
(PTCC 1738). To separate S. thermophilus strains from yogurts, three types of yogurts
were used. They were cultured by pour-plate and surface methods on STA medium. To
identify the isolated strains, biochemical tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
were used. Bacterial strains isolated from yoghurts were identified as S. thermophilus
MN-BM-A02, S. thermophilus JIM8232 and S. thermophilus MN-ZLW-002. To separate
the capsule strains, each strain was cultured on STB medium and then they were
centrifuged. In order to purify the samples, ethanol and charcoal were used. To
optimize production, variety of sources of carbon, nitrogen, temperature and pH were
studied.
Extraction and Quantification of Anthocyanin from Banana Bracts Using Differe...Premier Publishers
Banana (Musa balbisiana) bracts were investigated as a potential source of natural colorant. In this study, the total anthocyanin from selected banana bracts was extracted with ethanol solutions and characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry and their content was found 224.41 ± 1.91 mg/kg, which was highest at 40% solvent concentration with pH 4. Moreover, the color characteristics were varied with the variation of solvent concentration and pH. Similarly, the values of chroma and hue angle were also investigated and the value of chroma was higher at pH 4 in all different concentrations. The results revealed that the color of anthocyanin was decreased due to increase of pH. The value of hue angle was in the range of (73.69±0.33) to (-71.14±1.39), which indicated the color from yellow to magenta, and this is the natural color of anthocyanin. Therefore, banana bracts can be used as a potential source of extracting natural colorant instead of synthetic dyes in different food industries.
Alterations in Fatty Acid Profile of Polar Lipids Accompanied By Growth and S...iosrjce
Polar lipids are essential membrane components of plant cells. They are known to affect certain
membrane properties like permeability, fluidity and active transport. In the present study, individual leaf buds
were tagged on the day of appearance and sampling began 7 days later. Additional samples were taken at 7
days intervals until leaf abscission occurred about 77 days after tagging. The experiments were performed from
August to November, a time period characterized by a day length of 12 ± 2.0 h and average day and night
temperature of approximately 30 and 20°C, respectively. The fatty acid composition of polar lipids from young,
mature and senescent leaves of Rauwolfia serpentina was studied in the present study. Green leaves were
observed to contain a considerable amount of hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3) in monogalactosyldiglyceride
(MGDG), suggesting R. serpentina to be member of 16:3 plants’ family. The percentage of linolenic acid (18:3)
in the chloroplast lipids was lower in senescent leaves than that of green tissues. Senescent leaves also had
lower proportions of MGDG 16:3 and phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) hexadecanoic acid (16:1). Such selective
catabolism of molecular species of these lipids may be suggestive of significant alterations in ultra structure of
chloroplast membranes, thus probably affecting the accumulation of indole alkaloids in the leaf tissue. Besides,
the age dependent alterations in the fatty acid composition of other polar lipids, namely, phosphatidyl choline
(PC), phosphatidyl inositol (PI), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidyl serine (PS) indicate the
possibility of degradation of the organelles other than chloroplast (principally vacuoles) in the leaf cells
In the present study, a gastro retentive micro particulate system was formulated with different Polymers by using
solvent evaporation technique. A series of 8 formulations was prepared based on 23 Design of experiments. The
formulated microspheres were evaluated flow characteristics, Practical yield (up to 80 %) and Encapsulation
efficiency (up to 94%). Scanning electron Microscopy confirmed their porous and spherical structure and the
particles were of the Size range of (65-525 μm). The release of drug at 1 hour and 8 hours’ time points were
taken as the measurable parameters for running the DOE experiments. According to design space Hollow
Microspheres formulated with Drug in the range of 50 to 70 mg/unit, Ethyl cellulose 7 cps in the range of 145 to
150 mg/unit and HPMC 5 cps in the range of 0.4 to 2 mg/unit were observed to have the best floating
characteristics and in vitro dissolution profile as per the preset target product profile. Stability studies showed no
significant change in the drug content in the formulations at 3 months accelerated condition. In this study
concluded that a micro particulate floating dosage form of an anti-infective drug can be successfully designed to
give controlled release and improved oral bioavailability.
KEYWORDS
Gastro retentive system, Ciprofloxacin Hcl, Ethyl Cellulose 7 cps, HPMC 5cps, Hollow microspheres.
Formulation and in vitro study of ibuprofen loaded crosslinked sodium alginat...Shouvik Mondal
Ibuprofen loaded microspheres were prepared using sodium alginate and gellan gum and were cross-linked by maleic anhydride, aluminium chloride. The resulting microspheres were evaluated by in-vitro release study, swelling index, microscopic analysis and entrapment efficiency. DSC study shows there was no interaction between drug and excipients.
Entrapment was found good in all the formulations while the maximum entrapment (97.6%) was recorded in formulation
cross-linked by aluminium chloride and their average particle size were 150 to 160 µm. Approximately 50% of drug was
released by the formulation cross-linked by aluminium chloride (F2) over a period of 6 hours. From this experiment, it is observed that the formulation with cross-linked by aluminium chloride is the better formulation among others due to good release profile and entrapment efficiency.
Formulation and In-Vitro Evaluation of Fluconazole Loaded Microsponge Gel For...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Cashew and Mango Extracts on the Rheol...IJERA Editor
Comparative analysis of the effects of cashew and mango extracts on the rheological properties of water based mud is presented. To control corrosion of drilling materials, corrosion inhibitor is usually used as one of the drilling mud additives. Such inhibitive substance can only be applied when it improves the rheological properties of the drilling mud. In this work, the mud samples were formulated in the absence and presence of various concentrations of cashew and mango extracts. The production method of the mud and the determination of its rheological and allied properties were carried out based on the mud production standards of American Petroleum Institute. From the analysis of the experimental results, cashew and mango leaves extracts are suitable additives for the production of water based mud. Mango leaves extract shows higher improvement of the rheological properties of the drilling mud. Use of plant leaves extracts as drilling mud additives will encourage local content development.
Effect of Sodium Chloroacetate towards the Synthesis of CMC (Carboxymethyl Ce...AM Publications
CMC (Carboxymethyl Cellulose) is a derivative of cellulose and are often used in the food industry. Food additives, CMC (carboxymethylcellulose) is used as a stabilizer, thickener and emulsifier. Due to a very wide utilization, easy to use, carboxymethyl cellulose into one of the substances of interest in the food industry. Based on these considerations, it takes an effort to produce a CMC from plant cellulose sources are widely available in Indonesia and less utilized optimally as durian peel. This study aims to determine the yield of cellulose from durian peel with NaOH solution variations in the isolation process and determine the yield of CMC produced with sodium chloroacetate variations in the synthesis process. Results cellulose insulation durian peel using NaOH with a ratio of durian peel and NaOH 10% (w / v) at 1:10, 1:15 and 1:20 is 27.18%; 64.72% and 30.84% respectively. CMC yield on varying the amount of sodium chloroacetate as many as 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 grams is 66.44%; 40.19%; 24.83%; 66.71%; 45.21% sequentially. The optimum conditions of the synthesis reaction CMC is variable with the amount of sodium monokloroasetat 7 grams that produces CMC with a degree of substitution of 1.632.
Isolation, Screening and Selection of Fungal Strains for Potential Cellulase ...inventionjournals
The present study was aimed to isolate, screen and identify the potential cellulase and xylanase producing fungi from the soil samples collected from different areas of Haryana. Total one hundred fifty one fungal isolates were isolated from these soil samples were then screened by using selective media (i.e. CMC and Xylan agar) in order to determine the potency of microbes in producing cellulase and xylanase which were indicated by clear zones formation around the cultures. This qualitative screening which showing greater cellulase and xylanase indexes were subjected to enzyme activity tests by Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Maximum enzyme production was achieved at 30°C, pH of 6.0 by Trichoderma atroviride on 5th day of incubation.
Isolation, Screening and Selection of Fungal Strains for Potential Cellulase ...inventionjournals
The present study was aimed to isolate, screen and identify the potential cellulase and xylanase producing fungi from the soil samples collected from different areas of Haryana. Total one hundred fifty one fungal isolates were isolated from these soil samples were then screened by using selective media (i.e. CMC and Xylan agar) in order to determine the potency of microbes in producing cellulase and xylanase which were indicated by clear zones formation around the cultures. This qualitative screening which showing greater cellulase and xylanase indexes were subjected to enzyme activity tests by Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Maximum enzyme production was achieved at 30°C, pH of 6.0 by Trichoderma atroviride on 5th day of incubation.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Optimization of Cultural Parameters for Cellulase Enzyme Production from Fung...IOSR Journals
Cellulalytic fungi synthesize cellulose enzyme for biodegradation of cellulose. This depends on various condition which include the source f isolation. This study was designed to determine the optimum condition necessary for cellulose production by fungi. Cellulose activities at different temperatures, pH and nitrogen sources by Rhizopus oryzae Aspergillus niger; A. flams, P. expansum and A. oryzae in liquid medium was studied and cellulose enzyme assay carried out by dinitrosalicylic acid method. All the fungal isolates have their highest cellulose activity at 400c except Penicillium expansum whose highest value of 1.28mg/ml was obtained at 320c. Cellulase produced 6m was found to be highest in all the isolate at pH 4.0 exception P expansum which occur at pH 5.5 (1.21mg/ml). The highest value e1.45mg/ml was obtained in A niger. Highest cellulose activity for A. niger, A. oryzae & P. expansum occurred in peptone. The study shows the need to determine the best physiological condition that allow for the optimal cellulose activity of fungal isolate. This will enhance their enzyme production.
Study on Characterization of Various Biofilms Prepared by Starch Isolated fro...ijtsrd
In the present study, the rhizome of Maranta arundinacea L., Arrowroot, was selected for a rich source of starch for the preparation of biofilm. Firstly, some physicochemical properties of the selected sample were determined by AOAC method. Furthermore, the elemental analysis of the selected sample was carried out by Energy Dispersive X ray Fluorescence EDXRF spectroscopy. Moreover, antimicrobial activities of various solvent extracts were examined by Agar well diffusion method on six tested organisms. And then, the qualitative determination of starch tests such as Iodine test and Tannic acid test were done. In addition, starch from Arrowroot powder was isolated and confirmed by FT IR spectrum. Finally, starch biofilms were prepared by using isolated starch and various ratios of plasticizers PVA, PEG, and Sorbitol. The characterizations of seven kinds of prepared biofilms were measured. Aye Mon Thida Nyo | Arnt Win | Baby San Chit Su | Mar Pi Myint | Phyu Phyu Khaing "Study on Characterization of Various Biofilms Prepared by Starch Isolated from Maranta Arundinacea L." Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26588.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/26588/study-on-characterization-of-various-biofilms-prepared-by-starch-isolated-from-maranta-arundinacea-l/aye-mon-thida-nyo
Study on Culture Conditions for A Cellulase Production From As Pergillus UnguisIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Cellulase is a common name of enzymes which catalyze cellulolysis. Specially,cellulase is widely used in food processing, animal feed, chemicals, textile,fuel and pollution treatment.The objective of this research is to study on optimal conditions for the production of cellulase byAspergillus unguis. The study was designed as a comparative culture conditions such as carbon sources, moisture content, duration, nitrogen sources and citrate buffer content on cellulase production for Aspergillus unguis. Cellulase activity was determined by measuring the absorbance at λ = 540 nm with 3,5-DNS reagent. In optimized culture conditions, enzyme activity of Aspergillus unguis achieved 110.92U/ml in comparison with a commercial cellulase with 185.33U/ml in enzyme activity. The value of cellulase activity of Aspergillus unguis is 41% lower than commercial enzymes. However, enzyme in this study was raw enzyme and the cost of producing1 litter of this enzyme is just 1/8 that of purified ones. The enzyme activity would be increased by purification. That fact has proven the applicability of using the findings of this study to improve cellulase production.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
This study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant
activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet
- mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria.
In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary
metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 μg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 μg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed
good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220μg/mL for
hydroethanol extract.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities Of Algerian Populus Nigra L. Buds Ex...bioejjournal
This study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet - mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria. In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for hydroethanol extract.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
his study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet - mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria. In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC= 90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for hydroethanol extract.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary
metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed
good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for
hydroethanol extract.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
This study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant
activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet
- mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria.
In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary
metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed
good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for
hydroethanol extract.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ALGERIAN POPULUS NIGRA L. BUDS EX...bioejjournal
This study is part of a goal to investigate chemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant
activities of the flower buds extracts from the Algerian Polulus nigra L., which were collected from Djarifet
- mansourah at Tlemcen city in the West Northern of Algeria.
In organic extracts, tanins, flavonoïds, coumarins, alkaloids and terpenoïds were the principals secondary
metabolites identified from the flower buds of black poplar. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of
extracts were tested using agar-well diffusion method and micro-well determination of MIC assay against
eleven bacteria and two Candida species. It was found that extracts of black poplar buds exhibit
antibacterial and anticandidal activities with agar disk diffusion (7 to 43mm) and MIC methods (MIC=
90.33 µg/ml against several strains of bacteria and MIC=45.16 µg/ml against Candida albicans). The
antioxidant effect of hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. It was showed
good and similar activity than ascorbic acid and BHA by DPPH method: IC50= 220µg/mL for
hydroethanol extract.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
1. FOR MEMBERS ONLY
Yeast as a versatile model organism approaches us with
a vast majority of industrial and medical applications
beneficial to human life (Zott et al., 2010). The ability of yeast
to convert sugar into ethanol has been harnessed by
biotechnology industry to produce ethanol fuel (Barata et al.,
2012). The useful physiological properties of yeast have lead
to their use in the field of alcoholic beverages, baking,
bioremediation, non-alcoholic beverages, nutritional
supplements and probiotics (Botstein and Fink, 2011).
The major objectives of the present day study was
isolation of different yeasts species from fruits surfaces of
grapes, cultural characterization of isolated yeasts,
morphological characterization of yeasts and biochemical
characterization of yeasts.
Grapes were collected in polythene bags from different
locations of Dehradun for the isolation of yeast. The grapes
samples were taken to laboratory of Microbiology Department
of SBSPGI, Balawala, Dehradun. The samples collected from
different locations were subjected to streaking on YEPD
(yeast extract peptone dextrose agar) medium using
chloramphenicol antibiotic. After maintaining pure culture of
yeast, identification was done by employing various
morphological and biochemical methods. Morphological
methods include gram staining and capsule staining.
Biochemical methods are further classified as:
Sugar fermentation test: Yeast fermentation broth is
used as an aid in the identification yeast based on
fermentation pattern. Most yeast will produce acid and gas
as by product of fermentation of certain carbohydrates.
Carbon assimilation test: Basically this test is used
for identification of yeast. Yeast uses carbon as a sole
substrate for growth. In practical terms, yeast shows growth
on carbon assimilation media.
Urease test: Urea is a diamide of carbonic acid. Urease,
the enzyme produced by bacteria and fungi, hydrolyses and
releases ammonia and carbon dioxide. Ammonia reacts in
solution to form ammonium carbonate, which is alkaline
leading to an increase in the pH of medium. Phenol red that
is incorporated in the medium changes its color from yellow
to red in alkaline pH, thus indicating the presence of urease
activity.
All the 52 isolates were evaluated and identified
morphologically on the basis of colony characteristics. The
surface, margin and color of the colonies were observed.
The most of the yeast isolates have smooth and mucoid
surface while three isolates were having raised and dry
surface. Similarly the margins of the yeast colonies were
also observed. Most of the isolates have circular margin while
irregular margins were also found in some yeast. Colony
color is also observed by interpreting the plates. Majority of
yeast are giving creamy white color colony where as one
yeast is orange in color (Fig.1). Microscopic evaluation is
also done by simple staining for yeast identification on the
basis of cell shape. All yeast isolates were giving mixed
response some are round shaped some isolates are oval in
shape and bean pod shape is also observed (Fig.2).
Carbon assimilation test: In the carbon assimilation
study, nime sugars were used (glucose, sucrose, lactose,
maltose, mannitol, xylose, glycerol, sorbose and fructose).
52 isolates were identified on the basis of assimilation of
these sugars (Fig.3). All the 52 isolates were able to utilize
glucose as a growth substrate. Sucrose were utilized by most
of the isolates i.e., 33 isolates, after glucose. Other carbon
sources like sorbose, xylose, and glycerol were utilized by
19, 25 and 30 isolates, respectively. Among all the carbon
sources maltose was only to be utilized by maximum 36
isolates. On the other hand, sorbose is utilized by 19 isolates.
seven isolates were found, utilizing all of these sugars.
Sugar fermentation test: In the sugar fermentation
study, the eight sugars were used (glucose, maltose, sucrose,
mannitol, lactose, trehalose, inulin, fructose). 52 isolates were
identified on the basis of fermentation by utilization of sugars
and the color of medium changes from red to yellow. All the
52 isolates were able to ferment glucose and produce acid.
The maltose were utilized by most of the isolates i.e. 44
isolates after glucose. The other sugars sucrose, trehalose,
mannitol and lactose were utilized by 28, 25, 21and 24
isolates, respectively. Among all the sugars, inulin was the
Isolation and Identification of Yeast from Grapes
Ravnoor Kaur, Amandeep Kaur*and V.K. Gupta1
Department of Microbiology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences
and Research, Balawala, Dehradun,Uttrakhand, India
1
Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak College for Girls, Sri Muktsar Sahib-152 026, India
*E-mail: amanbrarmscbt2.cgc@gmail.com
Indian J. Ecol. (2014) 41(1) : 182-183
Indian Journal
of Ecology
2. 183
FOR MEMBERS ONLYonly one to be least utilized by isolates i.e., 11 isolates.
Urease test: Urease test is performed to detect the
capsule around the yeast cell on the basis of color change
from yellow to pink purple (in case of positive). Among 52
isolates, 29 were found positive for urease test i.e., these
produces urease enzyme and hydrolyse urea and released
ammonia and carbon dioxide.
REFERENCES
Barata,A., Malfeito-Ferreira, M. and Loureiro, V. (2012) The microbial
Fig.2. Microscopic features of isolated yeast under 100x
Fig.1. Cultural characteristics of isolated yeast on YEPD agar
medium
ecology of winegrape berries. Inter. Food Microbiol. 153:243-
259.
Botstein, D. and Fink, G.R. (2011) Yeast: An experimental organism
for 21st century biology. Genetics 189:695-704.
Zott, K., Claisse, O., Lucas, P., Coulon, J., Lonvaud-Funel, A. and
Masneuf-Pomarede, I. (2010) Characterization of the yeast
ecosystem in grape must and wine using real-time PCR. Food
Microbio. 27( 5):559–567.
Fig. 3. Growth of yeast isolates on medium containing different
sugars as source of carbon
Received 27 December, 2013; Accepted 24 March, 2014
Isolation and Identification of Yeast from Grapes