Ratio analysis
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The document discusses key financial ratios used to analyze different aspects of a business's performance. It covers ratios related to liquidity, investment/shareholders, gearing, profitability, and financials. Specifically, it defines ratios like the current ratio, acid test ratio, earnings per share, return on capital employed, gross profit margin, and asset turnover. It provides the formulas and ideal levels for several of the ratios and explains how they can be used to evaluate a business's financial health and efficiency.
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Ratio analysis
This document discusses ratio analysis and the DuPont system for analyzing financial statements. It defines ratio analysis and identifies common types of ratios including liquidity, activity, leverage, profitability, and market ratios. It then introduces the DuPont system, which breaks down return on equity into operating profit margin, asset turnover, and financial leverage. The document provides examples of key ratios within each category and discusses how ratios are used and viewed by managers, creditors, and board members. It also notes some limitations of ratio analysis.
Ratio analysis
Ratio analysis involves calculating and interpreting various financial ratios to evaluate a company's liquidity, solvency, operational efficiency, and profitability. Key ratios include current ratio, quick ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, inventory turnover, gross profit margin, return on equity, and earnings per share. Ratio analysis is used to analyze a company's financial health and performance over time as well as compare it to other companies.
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Ratio analysis
Ratios are used to analyze various aspects of a business's performance including liquidity, shareholders returns, efficiency, and profitability. Key ratios discussed include the current ratio and acid test ratio for liquidity, dividends per share and dividend yield for shareholders, gearing and asset turnover for efficiency, and gross profit margin, net profit margin, and return on capital employed for profitability. Limitations of ratio analysis include the need to compare ratios over time, between companies, and across industries to fully understand a business's performance.
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Ratio analysis
This document discusses ratio analysis and the DuPont system for analyzing financial statements. It defines ratio analysis and identifies common types of ratios including liquidity, activity, leverage, profitability, and market ratios. It then introduces the DuPont system, which breaks down return on equity into operating profit margin, asset turnover, and financial leverage. The document provides examples of key ratios within each category and discusses how ratios are used and viewed by managers, creditors, and board members. It also notes some limitations of ratio analysis.
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Ratio analysis involves calculating and interpreting various financial ratios to evaluate a company's liquidity, solvency, operational efficiency, and profitability. Key ratios include current ratio, quick ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, inventory turnover, gross profit margin, return on equity, and earnings per share. Ratio analysis is used to analyze a company's financial health and performance over time as well as compare it to other companies.
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Ratios are used to analyze various aspects of a business's performance including liquidity, shareholders returns, efficiency, and profitability. Key ratios discussed include the current ratio and acid test ratio for liquidity, dividends per share and dividend yield for shareholders, gearing and asset turnover for efficiency, and gross profit margin, net profit margin, and return on capital employed for profitability. Limitations of ratio analysis include the need to compare ratios over time, between companies, and across industries to fully understand a business's performance.
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Ratio analysis is an important tool for financial analysis that involves calculating and analyzing relationships between key financial data points from statements. It helps assess a company's liquidity, profitability, solvency, financial stability, and risk. When using ratios, it is important to compare the same company over multiple years, against industry benchmarks, and be aware of factors like accounting differences that could distort comparisons. Key ratios include current ratio, acid test ratio, debt-equity ratio, proprietary ratio, and gross profit ratio.
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Ratio analysis
Profitability Ratio
A profitability ratio is a measure of financial ratio defining the profit percent and return percent from the business using data from financial statements at a specific point of time
It assess business’s ability to generate gross profit, operating profit and net profit from the sales using data from profit& loss statement
It even takes into consideration various return generating ability of business in terms of return on assets, return on capital employed, return on equity, return on investment using data from balance sheet
Types of profitability ratio
Gross Profit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio, Operating Profit Ratio, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Return on Investment, Return on Capital Employed
Gross Profit Ratio
Gross Profit Ratio(GPR) is a profitability ratio that shows the relationship between gross profit and the revenue from net sales
GPR = (퐆퐫퐨퐬퐬 퐏퐫퐨퐟퐢퐭)/(퐍퐞퐭 퐒퐚퐥퐞퐬)
Net Profit Ratio
The net profit ratio is equal to how much net profit is generated as a ratio of revenue earned through sales
Net Profit Ratio = (퐍퐞퐭 푷풓풐풇풊풕)/(퐍퐞퐭 푺풂풍풆풔)
Operating Profit Margin is a profitability ratio used to calculate the percentage of operating profit a company produces from its operations, prior to deduction of taxes and interest charges
Operating Profit Ratio
Operating Profit Ratio = (퐎퐩퐞퐫퐚퐭퐢퐧퐠 퐏퐫퐨퐟퐢퐭)/(퐍퐞퐭 퐒퐚퐥퐞퐬)
Return on assets (ROA) is a kind of profitability measure used to determine returns on assets relevant when compared across the companies or previous performance of the company
Return On Asset = (퐍퐞퐭 퐏퐫퐨퐟퐢퐭)/(퐀퐯퐠.퐓퐨퐭퐚퐥 퐀퐬퐬퐞퐭퐬)
Return on equity (ROE) is a measure of financial performance calculated by dividing net profit by average shareholders' equity
ROE = (퐍퐞퐭 퐏퐫퐨퐟퐢퐭)/(퐀퐯퐠.퐓퐨퐭퐚퐥 퐄퐪퐮퐢퐭퐲)
Return on capital employed is a profitability ratio used in valuation of company’s financial position depicting the return out of capital employed
ROCE = 퐄퐁퐈퐓/(퐂퐚퐩퐢퐭퐚퐥 퐄퐦퐩퐥퐨퐲퐞퐝)
Return on investment is a profitability measure used by businesses to identify the efficiency of business in generating return out of an investment
ROI = (퐍퐞퐭 퐏퐫퐨퐟퐢퐭)/(퐂퐨퐬퐭 퐨퐟 퐈퐧퐯퐞퐬퐭퐦퐞퐧퐭)
Ratio analysis refers to the analysis and interpretation of the data collected from the financial statements (i.e., Profit and Loss Statement, Balance Sheet and Fund/Cash Flow statement etc.)
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The document discusses the cost of capital and how it is calculated. It can be summarized as:
1) The cost of capital is the weighted average rate that a firm is expected to pay to fund its assets and operations with different sources of capital such as debt, preferred stock, and common equity.
2) It is calculated by determining the market value proportion of each capital component, the market return expected by investors in each component, and adjusting for factors like taxes and flotation costs.
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The document discusses key financial ratios used to analyze different aspects of a business's performance. It covers ratios related to liquidity, investment/shareholders, gearing, profitability, and financial metrics. Specific ratios mentioned include the current ratio, acid test ratio, earnings per share, price earnings ratio, gearing ratio, gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on capital employed, asset turnover, stock turnover, and debtor days.
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The document discusses various financial ratios used to analyze different aspects of a business's performance. It covers ratios related to liquidity, investment/shareholders, gearing, profitability, and financial metrics. Specific ratios discussed include the current ratio, acid test ratio, earnings per share, price earnings ratio, gearing ratio, gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on capital employed, asset turnover, stock turnover, and debtor days.
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Ratio analysis
Ratio analysis is an important tool for financial analysis that involves calculating and analyzing relationships between key financial data points from statements. It helps assess a company's liquidity, profitability, solvency, financial stability, and risk. When using ratios, it is important to compare the same company over multiple years, against industry benchmarks, and be aware of factors like accounting differences that could distort comparisons. Key ratios include current ratio, acid test ratio, debt-equity ratio, proprietary ratio, and gross profit ratio.
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Ratio analysis
Profitability Ratio
A profitability ratio is a measure of financial ratio defining the profit percent and return percent from the business using data from financial statements at a specific point of time
It assess business’s ability to generate gross profit, operating profit and net profit from the sales using data from profit& loss statement
It even takes into consideration various return generating ability of business in terms of return on assets, return on capital employed, return on equity, return on investment using data from balance sheet
Types of profitability ratio
Gross Profit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio, Operating Profit Ratio, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Return on Investment, Return on Capital Employed
Gross Profit Ratio
Gross Profit Ratio(GPR) is a profitability ratio that shows the relationship between gross profit and the revenue from net sales
GPR = (퐆퐫퐨퐬퐬 퐏퐫퐨퐟퐢퐭)/(퐍퐞퐭 퐒퐚퐥퐞퐬)
Net Profit Ratio
The net profit ratio is equal to how much net profit is generated as a ratio of revenue earned through sales
Net Profit Ratio = (퐍퐞퐭 푷풓풐풇풊풕)/(퐍퐞퐭 푺풂풍풆풔)
Operating Profit Margin is a profitability ratio used to calculate the percentage of operating profit a company produces from its operations, prior to deduction of taxes and interest charges
Operating Profit Ratio
Operating Profit Ratio = (퐎퐩퐞퐫퐚퐭퐢퐧퐠 퐏퐫퐨퐟퐢퐭)/(퐍퐞퐭 퐒퐚퐥퐞퐬)
Return on assets (ROA) is a kind of profitability measure used to determine returns on assets relevant when compared across the companies or previous performance of the company
Return On Asset = (퐍퐞퐭 퐏퐫퐨퐟퐢퐭)/(퐀퐯퐠.퐓퐨퐭퐚퐥 퐀퐬퐬퐞퐭퐬)
Return on equity (ROE) is a measure of financial performance calculated by dividing net profit by average shareholders' equity
ROE = (퐍퐞퐭 퐏퐫퐨퐟퐢퐭)/(퐀퐯퐠.퐓퐨퐭퐚퐥 퐄퐪퐮퐢퐭퐲)
Return on capital employed is a profitability ratio used in valuation of company’s financial position depicting the return out of capital employed
ROCE = 퐄퐁퐈퐓/(퐂퐚퐩퐢퐭퐚퐥 퐄퐦퐩퐥퐨퐲퐞퐝)
Return on investment is a profitability measure used by businesses to identify the efficiency of business in generating return out of an investment
ROI = (퐍퐞퐭 퐏퐫퐨퐟퐢퐭)/(퐂퐨퐬퐭 퐨퐟 퐈퐧퐯퐞퐬퐭퐦퐞퐧퐭)
Ratio analysis refers to the analysis and interpretation of the data collected from the financial statements (i.e., Profit and Loss Statement, Balance Sheet and Fund/Cash Flow statement etc.)
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This document provides an introduction to investment terminology and concepts. It defines key terms like finance, investment, and different types of financial assets. It also summarizes the major participants in the financial system including households, financial intermediaries like banks and mutual funds, and the markets they interact in such as primary and secondary markets. Different types of financial securities are also outlined including debt instruments and equity instruments.
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This document discusses various types of financial ratios used for ratio analysis. It defines ratio analysis as a technique used to analyze and interpret financial statements to help with decision making. It then covers different types of ratios including liquidity ratios, activity ratios, solvency ratios, profitability ratios, and market test/valuation ratios. Specific ratios discussed include current ratio, quick ratio, inventory turnover ratio, debt-equity ratio, return on equity, earnings per share, and others. The document provides formulas and explanations for calculating and interpreting these various financial ratios.
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The document discusses the basics of business valuation, including defining valuation as determining the economic value of a business. It outlines several methods of valuation such as income-based approaches like discounted cash flow analysis and market-based approaches like comparable company analysis. The document also explains why valuation is important for mergers, acquisitions, disputes, and other scenarios. Key considerations in the valuation process are discussed such as justifying assumptions, accounting practices, and intangible assets.
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This chapter discusses risk and return, including measuring risk for single and multiple assets, the effects of diversification, and international diversification. It then introduces the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) as a tool for valuing securities based on their non-diversifiable risk compared to the market. The chapter materials include study guides, practice problems, and answers to review questions about key concepts such as beta, diversification, systematic and unsystematic risk, and how the CAPM links risk and required return.
Chapter10 thecostofcapital
This document discusses methods for calculating the cost of capital, including the cost of debt, equity, and preference shares. It outlines the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) approach for estimating the cost of equity, as well as other methods like the dividend yield plus risk premium approach and the dividend discount model. It also discusses how to calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) using target capital structure weights. Additionally, it notes some issues that companies face in estimating their cost of capital and common misconceptions about the concept.
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The document discusses the cost of capital and how it is calculated. It can be summarized as:
1) The cost of capital is the weighted average rate that a firm is expected to pay to fund its assets and operations with different sources of capital such as debt, preferred stock, and common equity.
2) It is calculated by determining the market value proportion of each capital component, the market return expected by investors in each component, and adjusting for factors like taxes and flotation costs.
3) The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) represents the firm's hurdle rate and is used to evaluate whether potential projects can earn more than this required return.
Discounted cash flow valuation
Discounted cash flow valuation uses present value calculations to determine the value of investment projects and companies. It discounts future cash flows back to the present using a discount rate. The net present value (NPV) of a project is calculated by taking the present value of all expected future cash flows. A positive NPV means the project adds value while a negative NPV means it destroys value. Proper valuation requires forecasting cash flows, determining the appropriate discount rate, and discounting the cash flows to get the NPV.
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This document discusses various financial ratios that can be used to analyze the financial performance and health of a company. It provides definitions and formulas for key liquidity ratios like current ratio and quick ratio, leverage ratios like debt-equity ratio, activity ratios like inventory turnover ratio and average collection period, and profitability ratios like gross profit margin ratio. Specific calculations are shown for a company to illustrate how to compute various ratios from the company's financial statements. The document emphasizes the importance of ratio analysis for evaluating a company's performance over time and in comparison to other companies.
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Similar to Ratio analysis
Ratio
The document discusses key financial ratios used to analyze different aspects of a business's performance. It covers ratios related to liquidity, investment/shareholders, gearing, profitability, and financial metrics. Specific ratios mentioned include the current ratio, acid test ratio, earnings per share, price earnings ratio, gearing ratio, gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on capital employed, asset turnover, stock turnover, and debtor days.
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The document discusses various financial ratios used to analyze different aspects of a business's performance. It covers ratios related to liquidity, investment/shareholders, gearing, profitability, and financial metrics. Specific ratios discussed include the current ratio, acid test ratio, earnings per share, price earnings ratio, gearing ratio, gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on capital employed, asset turnover, stock turnover, and debtor days.
ratio analysis
The document discusses various financial ratios used to analyze different aspects of a business's performance. It covers ratios related to liquidity, investment/shareholders, gearing, profitability, and financial metrics. Specific ratios discussed include the current ratio, acid test ratio, earnings per share, price earnings ratio, gearing ratio, gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on capital employed, asset turnover, stock turnover, and debtor days.
Unit 4: Ratio Analysis
The document discusses key financial ratios used to analyze different aspects of a business's performance. It covers ratios related to liquidity, investment/shareholders, gearing, profitability, and financial metrics. Specific ratios mentioned include the current ratio, acid test ratio, earnings per share, price earnings ratio, gearing ratio, gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on capital employed, asset turnover, stock turnover, and debtor days.
Ratio analysis ppt @ bec doms bagalkot mba
Ratio analysis involves calculating financial ratios to evaluate key aspects of a business's performance, including liquidity, investment potential, financial leverage, profitability, and asset efficiency. The ratios are grouped into five main areas and can identify strengths and weaknesses to aid decision making. Common ratios include the current ratio and acid test for liquidity, return on capital employed for profitability, and stock and debtor turnover for asset efficiency.
Ratio analysis
This document discusses ratio analysis, which uses quantitative ratios to evaluate various aspects of a business's performance. It identifies five main areas that ratios can provide insight into: liquidity, investment/shareholders, gearing, profitability, and financial. Specific ratios are defined that are used to analyze each of these areas, such as the current ratio and acid test for liquidity, earnings per share and price earnings ratio for investment/shareholders, gearing ratio for gearing, gross profit margin and return on capital employed for profitability, and asset turnover and stock turnover for financial analysis.
basics2
This document provides an overview of key accounting and finance concepts including assets, liabilities, the purpose of accounts, types of financial information such as profit and loss accounts and balance sheets, and different types of ratios used to analyze financial performance including profitability, liquidity, and investment ratios. Ratios are calculated using financial data to evaluate aspects like profit margins, return on capital employed, current ratios, and earnings per share. Limitations of ratio analysis include the accuracy of underlying financial figures and that ratios only provide part of the picture without additional context.
Cost volume profit analysis
This document discusses key concepts in cost volume profit (CVP) analysis including:
1) CVP analysis explores the relationship between costs, revenue, volume and their impact on profits. It examines fixed costs, variable costs, semi-variable costs, contribution margin, break-even point, and profit-volume ratio.
2) Fixed costs remain the same for different production levels while variable costs change with output. The margin of safety is the difference between actual and break-even sales.
3) The profit-volume ratio measures the rate of change in profit due to changes in sales volume and can be calculated in different ways. Ratio analysis is used to evaluate liquidity, investment risk and returns, financial leverage, and
Introduction to accounting chapter 5
The document discusses various types of financial ratios used to analyze a company's performance and financial health. It covers liquidity ratios, activity ratios, solvency ratios, profitability ratios, and ownership ratios. Specific ratios mentioned include the current ratio, quick ratio, cash ratio, accounts receivable turnover, inventory turnover, total assets turnover, debt ratio, times interest earned, gross profit margin, return on assets, earnings per share, and price to earnings ratio. The ratios are used to evaluate a company's liquidity, asset use efficiency, debt levels, profitability, and stock valuation.
Ratios and financial statement analysis
This document discusses ratio analysis for financial statement evaluation. It begins by defining financial analysis and its primary tools of financial statements and ratios. It then outlines various ratio categories including liquidity, investment/shareholders, gearing, profitability, and financial. Specific ratios are defined within each category, such as current ratio, acid test, earnings per share, and asset turnover. Notes are provided on ratio calculation and limitations of ratio analysis for financial evaluation.
Financial reports and ratios
The document discusses various analytical techniques used to analyze financial reports and ratios, including ratio analysis, vertical analysis, horizontal analysis, and trend analysis. It then provides examples of key financial ratios used to evaluate the profitability, financial stability, and effectiveness of management for a business. These include ratios like gross profit ratio, net profit ratio, current ratio, quick ratio, equity ratio, and debt ratio. Recommendations are provided for improving areas of weakness identified by the ratios.
Financial reports and ratios
Analytical techniques like ratio analysis, vertical analysis, horizontal analysis, and trend analysis allow businesses to study financial reports and make informed decisions. Key financial ratios analyze profitability, financial stability, and management effectiveness. Profitability ratios like gross profit ratio and net profit ratio indicate ability to earn income. Current ratio and quick ratio measure short-term liquidity. Equity ratio and debt ratio show sources of financing. Accounts receivable and inventory turnover ratios evaluate management policies. Comparing ratios to benchmarks helps assess performance.
Mmi finance 2
This document discusses various financial performance ratios used to evaluate a company's performance. It covers ratios related to profitability, liquidity, assets, balance sheet, coverage, and investors. Some key ratios mentioned include return on equity, return on assets, profit margins, current ratio, debt-to-equity, earnings per share, and dividend yield. These ratios are used to analyze how efficiently a company uses its resources and finances its operations.
Interpreting published accounts
Ratio analysis involves calculating and comparing financial ratios to assess a company's performance and financial position. There are five main types of ratios: liquidity, profitability, efficiency, gearing, and shareholders' ratios. Ratios provide a framework to compare a company's performance over time, between divisions, and against industry peers. However, ratios only show one part of a company's overall situation and financial statements can sometimes be manipulated, so ratio analysis must be considered alongside other information.
Ratio Analysis
Ratios are used to compare different financial figures within a business or between businesses. Common profitability ratios include gross profit percentage, net profit percentage, and return on capital employed, which measure profit margins. Liquidity ratios like the current ratio and acid test ratio indicate a business's ability to meet short-term debts. Asset usage is measured by the rate of stock turnover, which shows how efficiently stock is used and replaced over time. Ratios are most useful when comparing similar businesses but do not account for other factors that impact performance.
Presentation1
Scooters India Limited is an automotive manufacturing company located in Lucknow, India. It acquired its first plant and machinery from Innocenti of Italy in 1972. The company originally produced scooters but shifted focus to three-wheelers in 1997 under brands like Vikram and Lambro. Scooters India has its own marketing network across India to support sales and service of its three-wheelers, which have become relevant for transporting people and goods economically. The presentation included analysis of the company's ratios like return on capital employed, current ratio, and inventory turnover ratio to measure its performance and liquidity.
Formulae and Ratio Analysis
The document discusses various financial ratios used to analyze a company's profitability, liquidity, efficiency, gearing, and evaluate investments. It provides examples and definitions of key ratios including gross profit margin, net profit margin, current ratio, acid test (quick) ratio, return on capital employed, stock turnover, gearing ratio, and average rate of return.
Key Financial Ratios (What your Financial Statements are saying)
Key Financial Ratios (What your Financial Statements are saying) Steve Keefe Finance and Advice for Business
This Key Financial Ratios glossary assists small business owners in calculating key financial metrics of the business from their Financial Statements. This allows a business owner to understand what their financials mean and how a business has performed in the last financial year, comparably to historical performance and benchmarking performance against industry standards. Ratio analysis
This document discusses ratio analysis, which involves calculating relationships between financial statement items to analyze a company's performance and financial position. Ratio analysis can be used to evaluate profitability, solvency, operating efficiency, short-term financial position, and more. Some common ratios mentioned include the current ratio, quick ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, and gross profit ratio. The document outlines how ratios are calculated and expressed, and provides examples of liquidity, activity, profitability, and long-term financial position ratios. Caution is advised when interpreting ratios, as different accounting treatments, time periods, or single ratios can provide misleading results.
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Key Financial Ratios (What your Financial Statements are saying)
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【业务选择办理准则】
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对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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Ratio analysis
- 5. Liquidity
- 10. Gearing
- 12. Profitability
- 18. Financial